Esophageal carcinoma is a malignant disease with a high incidence rate and poor prognosis. The mitochondrial apoptosis pathway plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell death and has become a focal point in current cancer therapeutics research. Various active components from traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can target the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to inhibit esophageal carcinoma， presenting as potential therapeutic agents for this disease. This paper summarizes relevant research on the inhibition of esophageal carcinoma by active components in TCM via targeting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. It has been found that flavonoids （casticin， icariin， luteolin， kaempferol， hesperetin， deguelin， etc.）， terpenoids （oridonin， Jaridonin， artesunate， ethyl acetate fraction of pleurotus ferulatus triterpenoid， etc.）， alkaloids （matrine， swainsonine， etc.）， polyphenols （curcumin， epigallocatechin-3-gallate， corilagin， etc.）， steroids （α-hederin， polyphyllin Ⅵ， etc.）， phenols （optimized scorpion venom peptide CT-K3K7， gecko active polypeptide， etc.）， volatile oils （cinnamaldehyde， α -asarone， etc.） and other active components from TCM can target the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway， induce apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma cells， and inhibit their proliferation， invasion and migration by regulating oxidative stress， blocking the cell cycle， regulating signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK.

Approximately 10% of the global adult population has diabetes, with accumulating evidence linking suboptimal vitamin D levels to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Current clinical studies suggest that vitamin D supplementation may enhance insulin sensitivity and improve glycemic control, prompting significant interest in its potential as a therapeutic intervention. However, further high-quality, large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to validate its efficacy in glucose metabolism regulation and clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. These investigations will provide critical evidence to inform precision medicine approaches for diabetes prevention and management.

Malignant tumors continue to pose a significant threat to human life and safety and their development is primarily due to the activation of proto-oncogenes and the inactivation of suppressor genes.Among these,the activation of proto-oncogenes possesses greater potential to drive the malignant transformation of cells.Targeting oncogenes involved in the malignant transformation of tumor cells has provided a novel approach for the development of current antitumor drugs.Several preclinical and clinical studies have revealed that the development pathway of B cells,and the malignant transformation of mature B cells into tumors have been regulated by oncogenes and their metabolites.Therefore,summarizing the key oncogenes involved in the process of malignant transformation of mature B cells and elucidating the mechanisms of action in tumor development hold significant importance for the clinical treatment of malignant tumors.

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is a common tumor in the digestive tract， the formation mechanism of which remains to be fully elucidated. Although surgery， radiation， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy have achieved significant results in the treatment of HCC， these methods are accompanied by a considerable number of adverse reactions and complications. In recent years， Chinese medicine has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of HCC， and both basic experiments and clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of Chinese medicine， which exerts therapeutic effects via multiple components and multiple targets. However， the pathogenesis of HCC is exceptionally complex and not fully understood， which means that studies remain to be carried out regarding the specific mechanism of Chinese medicine in preventing and treating HCC. Network pharmacology and molecular biology can be employed to decipher the mechanism of Chinese medicine in the treatment of diseases. Studies have shown that Chinese medicine can regulate various pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， Hedgehog， Wnt/β-catenin， nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3）， and transforming growth factor-β （TGF-β）/Smad signaling pathways. Chinese medicine can exhibit its anti-HCC effects by inducing cell apoptosis， inhibiting cell proliferation and migration， and blocking the cell cycle via the above pathways. However， the specific mechanisms remain to be systematically studied. This study comprehensively reviews the regulatory effects of Chinese medicine on HCC-related signaling pathways to reveal the molecular mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the treatment of HCC. This view holds the promise of providing new targets， new perspectives， and new therapies for HCC treatment and advancing the modernization and development of Chinese medicine.

Objective To compare H_p(3) calibration with a homemade (A) thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and an imported (B) TLD in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field, to explore the different responses of A and B, and to provide foundation for the calibration of H_p(3). Methods A column mode was selected. H_p(3) calibration was performed using A and B in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field in the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory, National Institute for Radiological Protection, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Angle response, energy response, and linear response were calibrated with RQR4 (60 kV), RQR7 (90 kV), and RQR9 (120 kV), respectively. Results In terms of angle response, the calibration results of A were relatively high, while the calibration results of B were relatively low. In terms of energy response, the calibration results showed a similar pattern to angle response. In terms of linear response, the calibration results of both A and B were satisfactory. Conclusion Both A and B can be used for normal calibration of H_p(3) in a standard X-ray RQR radiation field. However, in actual monitoring, attention should be paid to the energy and angle response values of TLDs.

Objective:To explore the effects of a collaborative care model based on family-community- professional team on the oral health-related quality of life in older adults, and in order to provide reference basis for oral health management of the elderly.Methods:Using one-group pretest-posttest design study, 110 cases of older adults who participated in health checkups at the Yuyang Community Health Center in Yichang City from May 1 to June 30, 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method as study subjects. A oral health intervention program was constructed through literature review, Delphi expert consultation, and pilot trials and implemented for 6 months to compare the differences in oral health self-efficacy level, oral health-related quality of life before and after the intervention of the study subjects.Results:Finally, 108 study subjects completed the intervention including 49 males, 59 females, and 58 were 60-69 years old, 45 were 70-79 years old, and 5 were aged 80 and over; the total oral health self-efficacy score of older adults after the intervention was (59.19 ± 3.43) points, which was higher than (55.05 ± 5.10) points before the intervention, and the difference was statistically significant ( t = - 7.69, P<0.05); the total score of oral health-related quality of life after the intervention was (46.11 ± 5.14) points, which was higher than that before the intervention (41.39 ± 4.06), and the difference was statistically significant ( t = -7.02, P<0.05). Conclusions:The collaborative care model based on family-community- professional team can improve the level of oral health self-efficacy and oral health-related quality of life of the elderly, and provide a reference point for oral health management in the elderly.

Objective To investigate the differential expression of miR-124-3p in peripheral blood and clinical sig-nificance of patients with β-thalassemia.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 33 patients with β-thalassemia and 30 healthy controls in Ningde Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Ningde Normal University from June 2021 to August 2022.The expression level of miR-124-3p was detected.Luciferase reporter gene was used to verify the interaction between miR-124-3p and ERF 3'UTR.The correlation between differential expression of miR-124-3p and β-thalassemia was analyzed and the clinical diagnostic value of miR-124-3p for β-thalassemia was eval-uated.Results Compared with healthy control individuals,the expression of miR-124-3p was significantly up-reg-ulated in patients with β-thalassemia(P＜0.001).The genotype of miR-124-3p high expression group was 84.2%β0(16/19),the genotype of low expression group was 55.6%β+(10/18).ROC curve analysis showed that miR-124-3p had predictive efficacy for β-thalassemia(AUC:0.842).Luciferase reporter gene analysis showed that ERF gene was the regulatory target of miR-124-3p.Conclusions The differential expression of miR-124-3p in patients with β-thalassemia is closely related to the genotype and clinical severity of thalassemia,and ERF is negatively reg-ulated by miR-124-3p.miR-124-3p may be an effective diagnostic biomarker for β-thalassemia.

This paper reviews the definition and current situation of virtual reality, the application conditions, intervention mechanisms, effectiveness evaluation indicators, application forms and effects, shortcomings and prospects of virtual reality intervention in smoking cessation, in order to provide guidance and basis for the clinical practice and nursing of virtual reality intervention in smoking cessation in China.

Virtual reality is a computer-generated immersive interactive 3D technology that enables real-time interaction between users and virtual environments. It has been applied by scholars in the treatment and nursing of patients with Down syndrome and has become one of the non-pharmacological intervention methods for Down syndrome. In view of this, this paper reviews the definition and classification of virtual reality technology, the mechanism, application status, shortcomings, and prospects of virtual reality technology applied to patients with Down syndrome, in order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the clinical application and nursing of virtual reality technology in patients with Down syndrome.

Objective To investigate the value of serum cell cycle protein-dependent kinase 1(CDK1)and aurora kinase A(AURKA)in the diagnosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma(HBV-HCC).Methods A total of 50 HBV-HCC patients,50 patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis(HBV-LC),and 50 chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients who were hospitalized in Department of Gastroenterology,Gansu Provincial Hospital,from June 2022 to December 2023 were enrolled,and 50 healthy individuals,matched for age and sex,who received physical examination at Physical Examination Center during the same period of time were enrolled as control group.Related data were recorded for all patients,including age,sex,complications,and the results of routine blood test,liver function,and coagulation for the first time after admission.ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of CDK1 and AURKA.A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups,and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups;the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups and the least significant difference Bonferroni test was used for further comparison between two groups;the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups.The Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between CDK1 and AURKA,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and the area under the ROC curve(AUC)were used to investigate the value of CDK1 and AURKA in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC.Results There were significant differences in liver function parameters between the HBV-HCC patients and the control group(all P<0.05);there were significant differences between the CHB group and the HBV-HCC group in albumin,Glb,direct bilirubin,aspartate aminotransferase(AST),gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT),and alkaline phosphatase(all P<0.05);there were significant differences between the HBV-LC group and the HBV-HCC group in Glb,AST,and GGT(all P<0.05).The HBV-HCC group had significantly higher serum levels of CDK1 and AURKA than the HBV-LC group,the CHB group,and the control group(all P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between CDK1 and AURKA in the overall study population and the HBV-HCC patients(r=0.526 6 and 0.815 2,P<0.001).With the control group as reference,CDK1 had an AUC of 0.832 3 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC,with a sensitivity of 92.86%and a specificity of 75%,and AURKA had an AUC of 0.886 6 in the diagnosis of HCC,with a sensitivity of 95.80%and a specificity of 74%.With the CHB group as reference,CDK1 had an AUC of 0.833 3 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC,with a sensitivity of 93.75%and a specificity of 75%,and AURKA had an AUC of 0.972 7 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC,with a sensitivity of 95.83%and a specificity of 91.67%.With the HBV-LC group as reference,CDK1 had an AUC of 0.608 5 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC,with a sensitivity of 66.67%and a specificity of 54.17%,and AURKA had an AUC of 0.762 2 in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC,with a sensitivity of 95.83%and a specificity of 47.92%.Conclusion The serum levels of CDK1 and AURKA increase with the progression of hepatitis B-associated chronic liver disease,and significant increases in serum CDK1 and AURKA have a certain value in the diagnosis of HBV-HCC.