Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis complicated by pulmonary cryptococcosis, thereby enhancing the understanding of this clinical scenario.Methods:We report a case of pulmonary sarcoidosis complicated by pulmonary cryptococcosis treated at Beijing Hospital.The patient was diagnosed with stage Ⅱ pulmonary sarcoidosis via CT-guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration lung biopsy.However, during treatment with oral prednisone, a chest CT scan revealed newly developed multiple nodules in the right lower lobe.By considering the patient's medical history, imaging results, cryptococcal antigen(CrAg)levels, and treatment response, a diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis complicated by pulmonary cryptococcosis was established.Additionally, we systematically reviewed the literature on pulmonary sarcoidosis complicated by pulmonary cryptococcosis published before April 2024, focusing on epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.Results:A total of seven articles were obtained, and nine cases were reviewed in conjunction with this case.Among these, 55.6%(5/9)of the patients were male, with an average age of 51 years, and one-third of the patients were categorized as elderly.The stages of pulmonary sarcoidosis identified were stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ.Eight patients(88.9%, 8/9)were receiving glucocorticoids or other immunosuppressants at the time of cryptococcosis diagnosis.In the cases that specified the diagnostic method for cryptococcosis, serum cryptococcal antigen(CrAg)was found to be positive, including in three elderly patients.One patient did not receive antifungal treatment due to the rapid deterioration of his condition.During a follow-up period of at least six months, all patients remained clinically stable, with fluconazole being the most chosen antifungal agent.Conclusions:Although cases of pulmonary sarcoidosis complicated by cryptococcal infection are rare, clinicians should remain vigilant to this possibility.The two conditions may exhibit overlapping clinical manifestations, yet their treatment strategies can be contradictory.Misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis could result in serious clinical consequences.Serum CrAg testing is particularly useful for diagnosis, especially in elderly patients.

Objective To observe effect of TCM oral care solution in patients with gingival bleed-ing caused by oral administration of warfarin.Methods A total of 150 hospitalized patients in the car-diology department were selected as study objects,and were randomly divided into control group 1,control group 2 and experimental group,with 50 patients per group.Patients in the three groups were given medication care of warfarin and health guidance for mouth care.The control group 1 increased the use of normal saline gargle;the control group 2 increased the use of silver ion gargle,and the ex-perimental group was given the use of traditional Chinese medicine oral care solution gargle.After the intervention,the number of gingival bleeding,gingival sulcus bleeding index(SBI)and halitosis score in the three groups were compared.Results The number of gingival bleeding during gargling(10 d)and within 4 weeks after discharge in the experimental group were less than that in the control group 1 and control group 2,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The SBI of the experimen-tal group was(1.53±0.69),which was lower than(2.12±0.79)in the control group 1 and(2.09± 0.76)in the control group 2(P＜0.05).The score of halitosis during gargling in the experimental group was(1.70±0.68),which was lower than(2.28±0.74)in the control group 1 and(2.23± 0.79)in the control group 2(P＜0.05).Conclusion The TCM oral care solution for patients with gingival bleeding caused by oral administration of warfarin can significantly reduce the number of gingi-val bleeding,reduce SBI,alleviate bad breath,improve oral health and drug safety.

Objective To observe effect of TCM oral care solution in patients with gingival bleed-ing caused by oral administration of warfarin.Methods A total of 150 hospitalized patients in the car-diology department were selected as study objects,and were randomly divided into control group 1,control group 2 and experimental group,with 50 patients per group.Patients in the three groups were given medication care of warfarin and health guidance for mouth care.The control group 1 increased the use of normal saline gargle;the control group 2 increased the use of silver ion gargle,and the ex-perimental group was given the use of traditional Chinese medicine oral care solution gargle.After the intervention,the number of gingival bleeding,gingival sulcus bleeding index(SBI)and halitosis score in the three groups were compared.Results The number of gingival bleeding during gargling(10 d)and within 4 weeks after discharge in the experimental group were less than that in the control group 1 and control group 2,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The SBI of the experimen-tal group was(1.53±0.69),which was lower than(2.12±0.79)in the control group 1 and(2.09± 0.76)in the control group 2(P＜0.05).The score of halitosis during gargling in the experimental group was(1.70±0.68),which was lower than(2.28±0.74)in the control group 1 and(2.23± 0.79)in the control group 2(P＜0.05).Conclusion The TCM oral care solution for patients with gingival bleeding caused by oral administration of warfarin can significantly reduce the number of gingi-val bleeding,reduce SBI,alleviate bad breath,improve oral health and drug safety.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with renal involvement.Methods:The clinical data of a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient with nephrotic syndrome as the initial manifestation in Fujian Provincial People's Hospital in October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the related literature was reviewed.Results:The patient was a 68-year-old male with recurrent edema and foam urine as the initial manifestations, and he was diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome in the nephrology department. After treatment, the symptoms showed no significant improvement, and the lymphocyte count gradually increased. The patient was diagnosed as chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the hematology department. After ibrutinib monotherapy, the lymphocyte count and urine protein gradually decreased to normal levels, and the clinical efficacy evaluation of the patient was complete remission at the end of follow-up.Conclusions:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with nephrotic syndrome as the initial manifestation is rare, and the clinical presentations are variable. Early diagnosis is the guarantee of successful treatment. The efficacy and safety of first-line Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor monotherapy are good.

Objective:To analyze the effects of silver ion on the integration frequency of the class 1 integron in Escherichia coli ( E. coli) BL21(DE3) host. Methods:Two recombinant plasmids, pUCINT and pACINAD, were successively transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) to construct HS2 strains. Three experimental groups were set up using 0.3 μg/ml, 0.6 μg/ml and 0.8 μg/ml silver ion LB liquid medium, while control group used common LB liquid medium. Silver ion was supplied by silver nitrate and HS2 strains were cultured at 37℃ for 24 h. The copy number of cointegrates and the total copy number of integrons in each group were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and the ratio of them was the integration frequency. Changes in the integration frequency were analyzed by three independent phenotypic screening method and the protein expression in HS2 strains was analyzed by mass spectrometry. Results:The integration frequency in HS2 strains in the control group and three experimental groups (0.3 μg/ml, 0.6 μg/ml and 0.8 μg/ml silver ion) was 1.79×10 -5 (1.44×10 -5, 3.13×10 -5), 2.07×10 -5 (1.49×10 -5, 2.67×10 -5), 2.25×10 -6 (1.47×10 -6, 4.54×10 -6) and 1.69×10 -6 (0.22×10 -6, 3.08×10 -6), respectively. The integration frequency in the 0.6 μg/ml and 0.8 μg/ml silver ion groups was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the 0.3 μg/ml silver ion group and the control group. Results of three independent phenotypic screening method were consistent with those obtained by qPCR. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that there were differences in protein expression in HS2 strains between the control group and the experimental groups. Conclusions:Silver ion at a certain concentration had an inhibitory effect on the frequency of drug resistance gene cassette captured by bacterial integron.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) for promoting surface mineralization of demineralized dentin discs and adsorption of lead ions in simulated sewage water. METHODS: Sixty dentin disks were prepared from freshly extracted teeth with intact crown (including 30 premolars and 30 molars) and treated with 10% citric acid for 2 min to simulate dentinal tubules with dentin hypersensitivity. The etched dentin discs were brushed with distilled water, 0.2 g HA or 0.2 g nHA for 2 min twice a day for 7 consecutive days, after which scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed and calcium and phosphorus contents in the dentin discs were detected using EDS. Lead ion adsorption capacities of HA and nHA were tested by mixing 1 mL serial concentrations of HA and nHA suspensions with 50 mL lead ion solutions (1.0 mg/L). After 24 h, the residual lead ion concentration in the supernatant was measured using ICP to calculate lead ion adsorption rate and adsorption capacity of the materials. RESULTS: SEM showed a smooth surface and empty dentin tubules in the acid- etched dentin dics. The dentin dics treated with HA were covered with masses of particles that loosely attached to the surface, and the diameter of the dentin tubules was reduced. In nHA group, the dentin discs showed a fine and homogeneous surface clogging with a tight attachment, and the dentin tubule diameter was obviously reduced. Daily brushing with HA and nHA, especially the latter, significantly increased calcium and phosphorus contents on the surface of the dentin dics ( < 0.000). In lead ion adsorption experiment, the lead ion adsorption rate of HA decreased as its concentration increased with the highest adsorption rate of 83.01%; the adsorption rate of nHA increased with its concentration until the adsorption equilibrium was reached, and its highest adsorption rate was 98.79%. A good liner relationship was found between the adsorption ability and concentration of HA. CONCLUSIONS Compared with HA, nHA has a better capacity for surface mineralization of acid-etched dentin discs and also a better ability of lead ion adsorption.

Objective:To explore the protective effect and mechanism of diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DAG) on cognitive dysfunction caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.Methods:Seventy-three male Sprague Dawley rats in SPF degree were divided into sham group, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion group(2VO group), chronic cerebral hypoperfusion with DAG treatment group(2VO+ DAG group), and DAG treatment group(DAG group). During one-month chronic cerebral hypoperfusion models reproduced by the occlusion of bilateral common caroid artery, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with 2.917 mmol/L(20 mg·kg -1·d -1) DAG or saline for 15 days.Then the ability of learning and memory were tested by Morris water maze.Elisa, Western blot and Golgi staining were employed to test the spatial cognition, the changes of inflammatory factors, and inflammatory signal pathway molecules in hippocampus.The distribution of dendritic spines were observed and counted. Results:Morris water maze test showed that the learning latency of rats in 2VO group (3rd -7th day ) ((50.70±2.01)s, (43.53±3.22)s, (35.41±2.13)s, (25.26±1.85)s, (17.92±2.24)s) was significantly longer than that of sham group((40.28±1.94)s, (31.51±3.23)s, (24.7±2.25)s, (13.23±2.51)s, (9.42±1.91)s) (all P<0.01), while that of 2VO+ DAG group ((46.27±1.64)s, (38.54±1.51)s, (28.74±2.52)s, (19.73±2.13)s, (13.26±1.71)s) was significantly shorter than that of 2VO group ( P<0.05, P<0.01). After removing the platform to detect the memory of rats, the results showed that the latency of 2VO group (18.56±1.72)s) was significantly longer than that of sham operation group (11.25±2.11)s) ( P<0.01), while the time of 2VO+ DAG group was shorter than that of 2VO group (14.26±1.51)s ( P<0.01). In terms of the time of staying in the platform quadrant, the times of crossing through the platform area, the rats in the 2VO group were significantly less than those in the sham group ( P<0.01), while the rats in the 2VO+ DAG group were significantly more than those in the 2VO group ( P<0.01). Elisa data showed the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in 2VO group (TNF-α: (27.42±1.91) pg/mg; IL-1β: (18.21±1.56)pg/mg; IL-6: (17.94±1.61)pg/mg)) were higher than those in sham group (TNF-α: (8.11±1.27)pg/mg; IL-1β: (6.78±1.12)pg/mg; IL-6: (5.67±0.91)pg/mg)) ( P<0.01), while the levels of three inflammatory factors in 2VO+ DAG group (TNF-α: (12.25±2.38)pg/mg; IL-1β: (9.93±0.96)pg/mg; IL-6: (8.72±0.65)pg/mg)) were significantly lower than those in 2VO group ( P<0.01). Western blotting data showed that the relative level of NF-κB in the nucleus of 2VO group (1.82±0.15) was significantly higher than that of sham group (1.00±0.09)( P<0.01), while that of 2VO+ DAG group (1.42±0.10) was significantly lower than that of 2VO group ( P<0.01). Golgi staining showed that the density of dendritic spines in CA1 area of hippocampus in 2VO group ((5.00±1.41)/10 μm) was significantly lower than that in sham group ((12.86±1.12)/10 μm) ( P<0.01), while that in 2VO+ DAG group was significantly higher than that in 2VO group ((9.23±1.65)/10 μm) ( P<0.01). Conclusion:DAG can effectively inhibit the neuroinflammatory response of hippocampus in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, improve the damage of synaptic plasticity, and then improve the cognitive dysfunction caused by chronic hypoperfusion.DAG may be a potential effective drug for the treatment of chronic cerebral ischemia and vascular dementia.

Objective To study the radiation injury of rat C6 glioma cell line by high resolution,1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR) spectroscopy,and to preliminarily investigate its mechanism.Methods Metabolite concentrations in C6 cells were determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy.Comet assay was used to evaluate DNA damage.Flow cytometry was used to determine the cell cycle and apoptosis rate.Colony-forming assay was used to measure the colony-forming rate and preliminarily investigate the mechanism of radiation injury.The resuhs were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation analysis.Results With the increase in radiation dose from 0 Gy to 1,5,10,and 15 Gy,DNA damage was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner (P=0.000-0.690);the percentage of cells in G1 phase increased (P =0.026-0.749);the apoptosis rate significantly increased (all P =0.000);the colony-forming rate significantly declined (P =0.000-0.004);the Lac/Cr ratio significantly decreased (P =0.000-0.015),which had a negative linear correlation with DNA damage parameters (tail length,r=-0.971;％DNA in the tail,r =-0.998;tail moment,r =-0.995) and apoptosis rate (r =0.978).Conclusions 1 H NMR spectroscopy reveals that the change in the Lac/Cr ratio is associated with injury and apoptosis of C6 cells after radiation.1 H NMR spectroscopy has the potential to predict radiation injury of glioma.

This paper introduced a hand function rehabilitation system based on motor imagery (MI) brain-computer interface for hand function rehabilitation of stroke patients. The rehabilitation system contains three subsystems. Offline training subsystem displays the blank screen, a left or right hand movement video and arrow in turn, which respectively reminders patients to rest and make preparations for MI and instruct them how to do MI, and be doing MI. Finally, the patients' electroephalography (EEG) signals are acquired and processed togenerate a recognition model. Model update online training subsystem presents the black screen and a left or right arrow, the meanings ofwhich are the same as those in offline training subsystem. Then the acquired EEG signals are analyzed according to the established recognitionmodel. Next, the analysis result is derived to control the hand movement video to be played. The video can also act as a visual feedback,which makes patients' EEG signals easier to be recognized. The updated and more effective recognition model is built at last. Virtual reality(VR) online training subsystem constructs 3D grid models of VR scene, a 3D man model and its hand animations in the 3Dmax. Then, all ofthem are imported into Unity3D. The control methods of the animations are also designed in Unity3D. In the end, the patients' EEG signalsare analyzed according to the updated recognition model, thus controlling the hand movements of the 3D man in real time. The developedsystem has many characteristics, such as multilevel training and more immersion, which hopefully promotes the plasticity of central nervoussystem. The designed system provides new treatments for post-stroke hand function rehabilitation and further lays the foundation for family-mode rehabilitation.