ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of the Yiqi Jiedu formula （YQ） in treating ischemic stroke （IS） from the perspective of the microbial-gut-brain axis （MGBA）. MethodRats were randomly divided into five groups， with six in each group， including sham surgery group， model group， and low， medium， and high dose YQ groups （1， 5， and 25 mg·kg^-1）. Except for the sham surgery group， all other groups were established with a middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） model using the thread occlusion method. The success of modeling was determined through neurobehavioral scoring， and the protective effect of YQ on IS was evaluated. Then， the changes in gut microbiota before and after MCAO modeling and YQ administration were compared using 16S rDNA sequencing technology， and the possible biological pathways related to the effect of this formula were analyzed. The expression of inflammatory factors such as interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-17A （IL-17A）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Western blot was used to detect the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin in brain and intestinal tissue， and hematoxylin-eosin staining （HE） was used to observe pathological changes in the cerebral cortex and colon， so as to validate the possible mechanism of action. ResultYQ significantly improved the neurobehavioral score of MCAO rats （P<0.01） and played a good regulatory role in intestinal microbial disorders caused by enriched pathogens and opportunistic pathogens during the acute phase. Among them， significantly changed microorganisms include Morgentia， Escherichia Shigella， Adlercreutzia， and Androbacter. Bioinformatics analysis found that these bacteria may be related to the regulation of inflammation in the brain. Compared with the blank group， the detection of inflammatory factors in the serum of IS model rats showed an increase in inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-17A （P<0.01） and a decrease in the content of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the content of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-17A in the serum of the treatment group decreased （P<0.05）， and that of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 increased （P<0.01）. The expression results of barrier proteins ZO-1 and Occludin in brain and intestinal tissue showed that the expression levels of both decreased in IS model rats （P<0.05）， while the expression levels of both increased in the treatment group （P<0.05）. ConclusionAcute cerebral ischemia can lead to an imbalance of intestinal microbiota and damage to the intestinal barrier， and it can increase intestinal permeability. YQ can regulate intestinal microbiota imbalance caused by ischemia， inhibit systemic inflammatory response， and improve the disruption of the gut-blood brain barrier， preventing secondary cascade damage to brain tissue caused by inflammation. The MGBA may be an important mechanism against the IS.

Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Objective To investigate whether BPA and its substitutes BPAF,BPB,and BPS can induce lipid accumulation in hepato-cytes.Methods HL-7702 cells were treated with BPA,BPAF,BPB,or BPS for 24 h.Lipid droplet accumulation in cells was observed via oil red O staining,and triglyceride content was determined through the GPO-PAP chemical-enzymatic method.In addition,qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of triglyceride synthesis-related genes.Results Red lipid droplets of different sizes could be observed in the BPA,BPAF,BPB,and BPS groups.The intracellular triglyceride content increased significantly under 1 and 50 μmol/L BPA,10 and 50μmol/L BPAF,1,10,and 50μmol/L BPB,and 50μmol/L BPS.LIPIN2 mRNA expression level increased significantly under 10μmol/L BPAF,10μmol/L BPB,and 1 and 10μmol/L BPS.DGAT2 mRNA expression increased significantly under 50μmol/L BPA,10μmol/L BPAF,10 and 50μmol/L BPB,and 1μmol/L BPS.Conclusion BPAF,BPB,and BPS can increase intracellular triglyceride synthesis by upregulating LIPIN2 and DGAT2 mRNA expression,leading to intracellular fat accumulation and increased triglyceride con-tent in HL-7702 cells.

ObjectiveTo investigate the monitoring status and epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease pathogens in Baoshan District， Shanghai so as to improve early detection and warning capabilities of foodborne diseases outbreaks， and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. MethodsAnal swabs or fecal samples from food-borne diarrhea cases were collected from two sentinel surveillance medical institutions in Baoshan District of Shanghai during 2019 and 2021. Salmonella， diarrheagenic Escherichia coli， Shigella， Vibrio parahaemolyticus， campylobacter and norovirus were tested in anal swabs and fecal samples， and all the testing results were statistically analyzed. ResultsA total of 1 693 cases were reported， among which 1 693 anal swabs and fecal samples were collected， with a male-to-female ratio of 1.04∶1. The largest number of cases was from the age group of 45-64 years （504 cases）. The highest number of reported cases was among retirees （762 cases）. The high-incidence period of the diseases was in summer and autumn， with the highest number of cases associated with meat and meat products （566 cases）. The primary location of exposure was at home （1 260 cases）. The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria and virus was 21.32%， among which campylobacter accounted for the largest proportion （10.28%）. The peak incidence rate was from May to September. The detection rate of norovirus was 13.29%， with a higher incidence in winter and spring. The predominant serotype of Salmonella was Salmonella enteritidis （41.82%）， and the predominant local serotype of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli was EAEC （50.52%）. Campylobacter was mainly represented by jejuni （81.61%）， and the predominant type of norovirus was GⅡ （60.87%）. ConclusionCampylobacter has the highest proportion among foodborne pathogens causing foodborne diseases in Baoshan District， followed by diarrheogenic Escherichia coli. And norovirus GⅡ type is the predominant virus. Appropriate prevention and control measures should be taken based on the characteristics of each pathogen's epidemiology.

Melanoma is the most malignant skin tumor, which is characterized by early metastasis and poor prognosis. In recent years, adoptive immunotherapy, as a new immunotherapy, has made great breakthrough in treatment of solid tumors. Represented by tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte, adoptive immunotherapy exhibits remarkable effects in melanoma. Its combination with immunotherapy or targeted therapy will be a certain trend for future development, while the large-scale clinical study on adoptive immunotherapy remains to be carried out. This article reviews the research progress of adoptive immunotherapy on melanoma.

Melanoma is the most malignant skin tumor, which is characterized by early metastasis and poor prognosis. In recent years, adoptive immunotherapy, as a new immunotherapy, has made great breakthrough in treatment of solid tumors. Represented by tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte, adoptive immunotherapy exhibits remarkable effects in melanoma. Its combination with immunotherapy or targeted therapy will be a certain trend for future development, while the large-scale clinical study on adoptive immunotherapy remains to be carried out. This article reviews the research progress of adoptive immunotherapy on melanoma.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of esophageal stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early esophageal carcinoma.Methods:Patients who underwent ESD in the Digestive Endoscopy Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2011 to December 2018 were included. The data were obtained from medical records and follow-up. The influencing factors of stenosis were determined by single factor and Cox regression analysis.Results:A total of 654 patients underwent ESD and 79 (12.1%) of them developed postoperative esophageal stenosis. The median time of stenosis development was 27 (17, 43) days. The morphology and lesion circumferential proportion were independent factors for the occurrence of stenosis after ESD. The stenosis incidence of type Ⅱa was 6.601 times (95% CI: 1.518-28.709, P=0.012) compared with that of type Ⅱc. The incidence of stenosis in lesions with 75%-<100% and 100% circumference was 17.408 times (95% CI: 8.009-37.839, P<0.001)and 52.439 times (95% CI: 23.905-115.029, P<0.001) respectively compared with that of patients <75%. Among the 79 patients, 27 had severe stenosis, and the lesion circumferential proportion was an independent factor for stenosis. Compared with the group of lesion circumferential proportion of less than 75%, the incidences of stenosis of lesion circumferential proportion of 75%-<100% and 100% were 7.775 (95% CI: 1.977-30.577, P=0.003) and 70.062 (95% CI: 19.879-246.926, P<0.001) times respectively. Conclusion:The morphology and lesion circumferential proportion are two independent factors for the occurrence of esophageal stenosis after ESD. Additionally, lesion circumferential proportion is an independent factor for the occurrence of severe esophageal stenosis after ESD.

Objective:To study the expression level of CD73 in cutaneous melanoma and its clinical significance, and to explore its role and molecular mechanism in the occurrence and development of melanoma.Methods:Expression level of the gene NT5E in melanoma was analyzed according to RNA sequencing data from the CCLE database. CD73 expression level was tested in 145 melanoma tissues and corresponding para-tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry tissue microarray. The samples came from 78 male and 67 female patients who received surgical resection and were pathologically diagnosed as melanoma in the department of plastic surgery in Zhongshan Hospital from January of 2008 to December of 2017. The relationship between CD73 expression level and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis was analyzed. Melanoma cell line was transfected with CD73 gene overexpression lentivirus and negative control vectors, respectively. The transfection efficiency was verified by qRT-PCR and Western blot. CCK-8, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of the overexpression group and control group. Subcutaneous xenograft tumor models were established in nude mice to assess the tumorigenicity of the two groups. Transcriptome sequencing, GO and KEGG analyses were performed. The expression levels of pAKT and pGSK3β were detected by Western blot. The measurement data were expressed as Mean ±SD. Independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups, and One-way ANOVA was employed for multi-group comparisons. The chi-square test was used for the categorical variables. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference. Results:The expression of CD73 in melanoma was higher than that in para-tumor tissues ( P< 0.05). Higher expression level of CD73 was associated with higher Clark grade ( P= 0.014) and clinical stage ( P= 0.040). The overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with high-CD73-expression were significantly lower than those of patients with low-CD73-expression. CD73 expression, Clark grade and clinical stage are independent risk factors for the poor prognosis of patients with melanoma. Overexpression of CD73 significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells in vitro and the tumorigenicity in vivo( P< 0.05). Transcriptome sequencing showed that CD73 was involved in several tumor related signaling pathways, among which the expression of pAKT and pGSK3β was elevated( P< 0.05). Conclusions:CD73 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells in vitro and the tumorigenicity in vivo through activating AKT signaling. CD73 is expected to become a new prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for melanoma.

Objective:To study the expression level of CD73 in cutaneous melanoma and its clinical significance, and to explore its role and molecular mechanism in the occurrence and development of melanoma.Methods:Expression level of the gene NT5E in melanoma was analyzed according to RNA sequencing data from the CCLE database. CD73 expression level was tested in 145 melanoma tissues and corresponding para-tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry tissue microarray. The samples came from 78 male and 67 female patients who received surgical resection and were pathologically diagnosed as melanoma in the department of plastic surgery in Zhongshan Hospital from January of 2008 to December of 2017. The relationship between CD73 expression level and clinicopathological features as well as prognosis was analyzed. Melanoma cell line was transfected with CD73 gene overexpression lentivirus and negative control vectors, respectively. The transfection efficiency was verified by qRT-PCR and Western blot. CCK-8, wound healing and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of the overexpression group and control group. Subcutaneous xenograft tumor models were established in nude mice to assess the tumorigenicity of the two groups. Transcriptome sequencing, GO and KEGG analyses were performed. The expression levels of pAKT and pGSK3β were detected by Western blot. The measurement data were expressed as Mean ±SD. Independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups, and One-way ANOVA was employed for multi-group comparisons. The chi-square test was used for the categorical variables. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference. Results:The expression of CD73 in melanoma was higher than that in para-tumor tissues ( P< 0.05). Higher expression level of CD73 was associated with higher Clark grade ( P= 0.014) and clinical stage ( P= 0.040). The overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with high-CD73-expression were significantly lower than those of patients with low-CD73-expression. CD73 expression, Clark grade and clinical stage are independent risk factors for the poor prognosis of patients with melanoma. Overexpression of CD73 significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells in vitro and the tumorigenicity in vivo( P< 0.05). Transcriptome sequencing showed that CD73 was involved in several tumor related signaling pathways, among which the expression of pAKT and pGSK3β was elevated( P< 0.05). Conclusions:CD73 promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells in vitro and the tumorigenicity in vivo through activating AKT signaling. CD73 is expected to become a new prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for melanoma.

This article explores the shortcomings and proposes research directions from the overview of mobile medicine and its application in the prevention, self-management, and health education of female stress urinary incontinence, with a view to providing new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.