As a common clinical disease, fracture is often accompanied by pain, swelling, bleeding as well as other symptoms and has a high disability rate, even threatening life, seriously endangering patients' physical and psychological health and quality of life. Medical practitioners take many strategies for the treatment of fracture healing, including Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). In the early stage of fracture healing, the local fracture is often in a state of hypoxia, accompanied by the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which is beneficial to wound healing. Through literature mining, we thought that hypoxia, HIF-1α and downstream factors affected the mechanism of fracture healing, as well as dominated this process. Therefore, we reviewed the local characteristics and related signaling pathways involved in the fracture healing process and summarized the intervention of TCM on these mechanisms, in order to inspirit the new strategy for fracture healing, as well as elaborate on the possible principles of TCM in treating fractures based on the HIF molecular mechanism.

Diarrhea-irritable bowel syndrome （IBS-D） is one of the common functional bowel diseases in clinical practice. Since it pathogenesis is complex and has not been fully elucidated， effective treatment methods remains to be developed for this disease. Establishing the animal models of IBS-D in accordance with the clinical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and Western medicine helps to reveal the pathogenesis of this disease and improve the treatment plan. The fitting degree of an animal model with clinical characteristics is an indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of the animal model in simulating the disease characteristics of Western medicine and the syndromes of TCM based on the latest diagnostic standards. By reviewing the relevant articles about the animal models of IBS-D， we discovered that rats were the preferred animals for modeling， and the models were mainly induced by single factors， double factors， or the combination of multiple factors. The established animal models mainly present symptoms or signs associated with visceral hypersensitivity or/and gastrointestinal motility abnormalities. The single factor-induced rat models of IBS-D had high fitting degrees with the clinical characteristics of Western medicine but low fitting degrees with the TCM syndromes. The animal models induced by two or more factors had high but varied fitting degrees with the clinical characteristics of Western medicine. In addition， the animal models of IBS-D considering TCM syndromes mainly focuses on the syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency， and few models were established for the syndromes of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency， spleen-stomach dampness-heat， spleen deficiency and dampness excess， and cold and heat in complexity. Therefore， it is essential to improve the existing or develop new animal models of IBS-D in the future， so as to provide more tools for deciphering the mechanisms of TCM and Western medicine and developing treatment methods for this disease.

Syndrome of dampness-heat of spleen and stomach is one of the complex syndromes of the spleen and stomach,which is difficult to differentiate and treat in TCM.According to the theoretical connotation of"attacking it according to its combination",it is suggested that the syndrome of dampness-heat of spleen and stomach should be comprehensively differentiated and treated from five aspects,including"attacking the visible pathogens combined with the invisible ones"(removing dampness and warming yang),"treating the fu-organs sharing interior-exterior relationship with zang-organs"(clearing away damp-heat pathogens of stomach with drugs of bitter taste and cold property),"formulating the treatment according to the likes and dislikes of the five internal organs"(developing a life adjustment plan favored by the spleen and stomach),"administrating drug according to the five organs"(medications according to the spleen and stomach),"weighing the severity and applying the treatment"(pay attention to the details,and treating according to syndrome differentiation).A clinical case is exampled,with the purpose to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of syndrome of dampness-heat of spleen and stomach.

Cathartic colon （CC） is a common and refractory digestive system disease， with the pathogenesis not fully clarified. The effective therapies other than laxatives and surgery remain to be developed for CC. Therefore， establishing the CC animal models that fit the disease characteristics of western medicine and syndrome characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is an important link to promote the research on this disease. The fitting degree of animal models with the latest Chinese and western medical diagnostic criteria is an indicator to assess the effectiveness of the animal models in simulating the disease characteristics of western medicine and syndrome characteristics of TCM. The literature review showed that the model animals， drugs and their dosage forms， doses， administration methods， and modeling period of CC varied in different studies， and the available CC animal models presented different fitting degrees with the disease characteristics of western medicine and syndrome characteristics of TCM. Rats were the preferred animals for the modeling of CC. Rhei Radix et Rhizoma preparations were commonly used for model inducing， which， however， may cause water electrolyte disorders， decreased immunity， and even death of animals at the late stage of modeling. The animals were modeled by gradually increasing the starting dose， while the starting dose and increasing dose varied. The maintenance dose was determined based on 50% of the animals having loose stools， and the end for a cycle was determined as the time when loose stools disappeared in 80% of animals. The modeling always lasted for 2-3 cycles， approximately 2-4 months. The CC models established with Rhei Radix et Rhizoma granules and rhein had high fitting degrees with the disease and syndrome characteristics. In addition， the CC animal models of TCM syndromes were still in the exploration stage. There were only the animal models of four TCM syndromes： liver depression and spleen deficiency， both Qi and Yin deficiency， Qi stagnation and blood stasis， and spleen and kidney deficiency. Efforts should be made to establish the animal models that meet the characteristics of disease of western medicine and syndromes of TCM， so as to facilitate the research on CC mechanism and drug development.

Objective:To explore the effects of micro class combined with modular teaching on experimental teaching of internal medicine and basic nursing.Methods:Four classes of nursing students of Batch 2016 were selected as the research objects by drawing lots, and 148 nursing undergraduates were randomly divided into two groups. The combined teaching group adopted micro class combined with modular teaching, and the modular teaching group adopted modular teaching method. The examination scores, SDLRS (self-directed learning readiness scale for nursing education) scores, medical education environment and teaching satisfaction of the two groups were compared. SPSS 22.0 was conducted for chi-square test and t test. Results:The scores of internal medicine nursing, basic nursing and operation skills in the combined teaching group were significantly higher than those in the traditional teaching group ( P<0.05); at the end of the semester, the scores of self-management, love of learning, self-control and SDLRS total score of the combined teaching group were higher than those of the modular teaching group ( P<0.05); the scores of learning perception, teacher perception, environment perception and total score of the combined teaching group were higher than those of the modular teaching group ( P<0.05); the teaching satisfactions with improving learning interest, learning efficiency, learning initiative and mastering key contents better in the combined teaching group were higher than those in the modular teaching group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The combination of micro class and modular teaching can improve the examination results and self-directed learning readiness of nursing students, improve the internal environment of medical education, and students' teaching satisfaction is high.

Stable isotope ¹³C labeling is an important tool to analyze cellular metabolic flux. The ¹³C distribution in intracellular metabolites can be detected via mass spectrometry and used as a constraint in intracellular metabolic flux calculations. Then, metabolic flux analysis algorithms can be employed to obtain the flux distribution in the corresponding metabolic reaction network. However, in addition to carbon, other elements such as oxygen in the nature also have natural stable isotopes (e.g., ¹⁷O, ¹⁸O). This makes the isotopic information of elements other than the ¹³C marker interspersed in the isotopic distribution measured by the mass spectrometry, especially that of the molecules containing many other elements, which leads to large errors. Therefore, it is essential to correct the mass spectrometry data before performing metabolic flux calculations. In this paper, we proposed a method for construction of correction matrix based on Python language for correcting the measurement errors due to natural isotope distribution. The method employed a basic power method for constructing the correction matrix with simple structure and easy coding implementation, which can be directly applied to data pre-processing in ¹³C metabolic flux analysis. The correction method was then applied to the intracellular metabolic flux analysis of ¹³C-labeled Aspergillus niger. The results showed that the proposed method was accurate and effective, which can serve as a reliable data correction method for accurate microbial intracellular metabolic flux analysis.
Metabolic Flux Analysis ; Isotope Labeling/methods* ; Carbon Isotopes/metabolism* ; Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways

Objective: Abnormalities of static brain activity have been reported in schizophrenia, but it remains to be clarified the temporal variability of intrinsic brain activities in schizophrenia and how atypical antipsychotics affect it. Methods: We employed a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and a sliding-window analysis of dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (dALFF) to evaluate the dynamic brain activities in schizophrenia (SZ) patients before and after 8-week antipsychotic treatment. Twenty-six schizophrenia individuals and 26 matched healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. Results: Compared with HC, SZ showed stronger dALFF in the right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.R) at baseline. After medication, the SZ group exhibited reduced dALFF in the right middle occipital gyrus (MOG.R) and increased dALFF in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG.L), right middle frontal gyrus (MFG.R), and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL.R). Dynamic ALFF in IPL.R was found to significant negative correlate with the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) scores at baseline. Conclusion Our results showed dynamic intrinsic brain activities altered in schizophrenia after short term antipsychotic treatment. The findings of this study support and expand the application of dALFF method in the study of the pathological mechanism in psychosis in the future.

Objective To study the survey outcome of idiopathic scoliosis ( AIS) in 12 881 junior middle school students from Shantou city ,Guangdong province.Methods From October 2013 to January 2015,the survey of AIS was carried out in 12 881 junior middle school students from 10 middle schools in Shantou city ,Guangdong province.Three methods such as school screening ,hospital review and X -ray film examination were used.The two five surface checking method was used as physical examination method .X-ray was used to slicing a positive lateral view of the whole spine as standing position.The persons whose Cobb angles ≥10°were diagnosed as AIS.Results The amount of individual with suspicious signs were 1 543 students,the suspected rate was 11.98%.Meanwhile,a further checking was conducted by hospital to 263 students,the response rate was 17.04% and 136 students were diagnosed as AIS.The positive rate of AIS was 51.71%.Conclusion The prevalence of AIS in junior middle school students in Shantou city is higher than national average level.Therefore,it is necessary to attach attention to the census for AIS.

Objective To analyze the associated factors of positive surgical margin after radical prostatectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 320 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy from June 2007 to June 2017,whose age was 45-80 years(mean 67.9) and PSA was 0.05-123.19 ng/ml (mean 14.4ng/ml).The patients were divided into groups by age,PSA,PI-RADS score,clinical stage,biopsy Gleason score and operation approach.Chi-square test was used for single factor analysis and binary logistic regression analysis for multivariate analysis to evaluate the correlation between clinical and pathological data and positive cutting edge.Result Among the total 320 patients,there were 94 (29.4％) patients had positive surgical margin after radical prostatectomy.There were 26 (21.0％) positive surgical margin located at ventral sites,18(14.5％) located at dorsal sites,21 (16.9％) located at base,and 59(47.6％) located at tip.The positive rate of surgical margin was different in different positive areas of MRI (P ＜0.01),among which the MRI showed cancer located in the tip of prostate had the highest positive rate (47.6％) of surgical margin after prostatectomy.Univariate risk factor analysis was performed which showed that PSA(P =0.023),positive needle percentage (P =0.001),biopsy pathologic Gleason score(P =0.029),PI-RADS score (P =0.022) and prostate cancer risk score (P =0.006) had significant correlation with positive surgical margin.The age (P =0.257),clinical stage (P =0.161) and operation approch (P =0.260) had no significant correlation.Then multivariate analysis showed that PI-RADS score (P =0.023) and positive needle percentage (P =0.047) could be used as independent predictors of positive surgical margin.Conclusions PI-RADS score and percentage of positive biopsy needles were independent risk factors for positive surgical margin after prostatectomy.There was highest positive rate of surgical margin when MRI showed cancer located at the tip of prostate.

Yishen Juanbi Method for Treating Rheumatism began from Mr. ZHANG Ci-gong to the formation and development of Mr. ZHU Liang-chun, and by the evidence-based source, innovation and perfection of the third and fourth generations of successors, has formed the unity of the principle, rule, method, medicine, and the unique diagnosis and treatment of rheumatism of integration of the internal treatment and external treatment. All of these provide original insights for rheumatology of TCM theory and the application of insect medicine, and provide valuable treatment technology for China's young rheumatology disciplines.