Objective:To compare the impact of orthodontic treatment on pulp volume in adolescents and adults.Methods:Cone-beam CT data of 62 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment at the Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, from January 2019 to March 2022 were collected. Patients were divided into two age groups (31 patients in each group): adolescent group (aged 13-17, 17 males and 14 females) and adult group (aged 21-25, 12 males and 19 females). Pre-and post-treatment reconstructions of the pulp and dental tissues of upper first molars (UM1) and lower central incisors (L1) were performed. Measurements included pulp volume for UM1 (UM1 P) and L1 (L1 P), pulp chamber volume (UM1 PC) and root canal volume (UM1 RC) for UM1, root length for L1 (L1 RL), and mesiobuccal root length for UM1 (UM1 RL), as well as chamber heights at specific landmarks [the lengths from the central fossa fusion site to the roof of the pulp chamber (H1), the floor of the pulp chamber (H2), the nearest point of root divergence as well as crown-root bifurcation (H3), the farthest point of root divergence (H4), and the pulp chamber height (H5)] in UM1. Changes in these indices were calculated and analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests for within-group and between-group differences, respectively. Pearson correlation was used to assess potential associations among H5, root length, and pulp volume changes. Results:Before and after orthodontic treatment, no significant difference was observed in the adult group for L1 P ( t=-0.03, P=0.975), while significant differences were noted for UM1 P, UM1 PC, and UM1 RC ( t=9.98, P<0.001; t=9.04, P<0.001; t=6.69, P<0.001). In the adolescent group, significant differences were found for both L1 P and UM1 P ( t=2.25, P=0.029; t=6.30, P<0.001). After orthodontic treatment, the absolute value changes of UM1 P, UM1 PC, and L1 P in the adolescent group were (19.75±9.58), (15.07±7.65) and (1.89±6.29) mm 3, respectively, and in the adult group were (13.33±9.41), (9.16±7.05) and (0.02±4.66) mm 3, respectively ( t=3.77, P<0.001; t=4.48, P<0.001; t=2.34, P=0.048). There was no significant absolute difference in the amount of UM1 RC between the two groups after orthodontic treatment ( t=0.86, P=0.391). Before and after orthodontic treatment, the absolute value changes of L1 RL, H1 and H5 in the adolescent group were (0.54±0.41), (0.38±0.27) and (0.71±0.33) mm, respectively, and the absolute value changes in the adult group were (0.78±0.62), (0.26±0.20) and (0.57±0.28) mm, respectively ( t=-2.43, P=0.017; t=2.96, P=0.004; t=2.57, P=0.011). Whereas no significant differences were observed for UM1 RL, H2, H3, and H4 ( t=-0.85, P=0.400; t=0.43, P=0.669; t=-0.50, P=0.619; t=1.46, P=0.148). Additionally, significant correlations were found between changes in H5 and UM1 RL with UM1 P ( r=0.35, P<0.001; r=0.19, P=0.030), but not between Changes in L1 RL and L1 P ( r=0.11, P>0.05). Conclusions:The effect of orthodontic treatment on pulp volume in adolescents and adults were different.

Objective:To investigate the status quo of human resources of dentists who deal with periodontal disease in Beijing area through an online survey, which may hopefully provide a preliminary basis for the decision-making of administrative departments and the formulation of periodontal professional development plan.Methods:The dentists who deal with periodontal disease at least half a day per week in Beijing area were investigated. A questionnaire was designed by the chairman of the Periodontology Committee of Beijing Stomatological Association. The questionnaire was sent to and finished by the dentists via "WenJuanXing" online survey software. The contents of the survey included general condition, the property of practice unit, title and position of the dentist, membership of professional society, time and content of periodontal treatment, adoption of new technology and new method of periodontal therapy during the past one year, status of periodontal treatment in the local population and reasons, understanding and influencing factors of periodontal professional development.Results:A total of 1 255 dentists completed the survey, who came from all 16 districts in Beijing, mainly Haidian, Chaoyang, Dongcheng and Xicheng Districts [The total percentage of these four main districts was 70.3% (882/1 255)]. The mean age of the dentists was (36.1±8.3) years. Among the dentists, 71.1% (892/1 255) were females, 88.1% (1 106/1 255) got a Bachelor′s degree or above. It was estimated that 35.4% (444/1 255) of the dentists had received standardized periodontal training ever. The percentage of dentists carrying out new technology in the past one year was as high as 68.1% (855/1 255). There were only 163 periodontal specialists (13.0%) out of the dentists in the survey. Only 15.9% (200/1 255) of the dentists routinely performed periodontal surgery. The majority of the dentists [82.8% (1 039/1 255)] were from the state-owned hospitals. Fifty-four point seven percemt (686/1 255) of the dentists thought that lack of knowledge was the main reason why the general public failed to receive periodontal treatment. As for the biggest bottleneck affecting periodontal professional development, fifty-one point zero percent (640/1 255) of the dentists attributed it to the public neglect.Conclusions:The periodontal practitioners in Beijing are young, highly educated, unevenly distributed in 16 districts and mostly females. State-owned oral health institutions are an important force in periodontal diagnosis and treatment services in Beijing. The number of periodontal specialists need to be improved. Promotion of standardized periodontal surgery and the popularization of healthcare knowledge on periodontal disease should also be the focus in the future.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of dietary sodium-intake on residual renal function in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS: Thirty-three patients on PD with stable dialysis were regularly followed up for 12 months. The daily sodium intake of the patients was calculated based on the 3-day dietary record. Based on the mean daily sodium intake, the patients enrolled were divided into low-salt group (sodium intake≤3.0 g/day, 19 patients) and high-salt group (sodium intake>3.0 g/day, 14 patients). The baseline data of the patients were recorded, and the indicators of residual renal function and peritoneal function were regularly tested. The patients were followed-up at 3-month intervals, and their urine volume, peritoneal ultrafiltration volume and other clinical indicators were recorded and the biochemical indexes were detected to evaluate the changes in the residual renal function and peritoneal function. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between the total sodium excretion and dietary sodium intake in these patients (=0.536, =0.0013), and sodium excretion by dialysis was positively correlated with their sodium intake (=0.901, =0.000). Regression analysis suggested that the total sodium excretion was correlated with dietary sodium intake (β=0.416, 95% : 0.170-0.666; < 0.0018); sodium excretion by dialysis was associated with dietary sodium intake (β=0.489, 95% : 0.395-0.582; < 0.001). The residual renal function was reduced by 17.48±11.22 L /(w·1.73 m) in the low-salt group, as compared to 30.20±18.30 L /(w·1.73 m) in the high-salt group (=0.032). The reduction in the residual renal function was correlated with sodium intake in the PD patients (=0.409, =0.018). Multivariate regression analysis showed that sodium intake was an independent factor contributing to the reduction of residual renal function (β=14.646, 95% CI 7.426-21.866, < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Sodium excretion by PD in patients with continuous ambulatory PD is positively correlated with their dietary sodium intake, which contribute to the decrease of residual renal function. A high dietary sodium intake may accelerate the reduction of residual renal function in these patients.
Humans ; Kidney ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium, Dietary

Objective To observe glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) proliferation induced by IgA1 and the association with the expression of apoptosis-related proteins-B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2),cysteine aspartic acid protease-3 (Caspase-3),cysteine aspartic acid protease-9 (Caspase-9) and with mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) in rat GMCs,to study the possible mechanism of valsartan inhibiting rat GMCs proliferation,and to provide a new direction for the mechanism of GMCs proliferation and intervention research in IgA nephrology (IgAN).Methods GMCs stimulated with IgA1 were cultured in vitro to detect cellproliferation with the cell counting kit-8 cell activity assay (CCK8).GMCs were divided into three groups:CG,TG and VG.The GMCs proliferation level was detected by the CCK8,using real-time PCR to detect Mfn2 expression and Western blotting to detect protein levels of Mfn2,Bcl-2,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9.Results Rat GMCs proliferated significantly after stimulation with IgA1,and IgA1 could obviously stimulate high expression of Bcl-2 in GMCs and down regulate the expression of Mfn2,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9.Valsartan could inhibit the proliferation of GMCs induced by IgA1 significantly,downregulate the expression of Bcl-2,and upregulate the expression of Mfn2,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9.Conclusions These results showed that the mechanism of action of valsartan in the treatment of lgAN is inhibiting the proliferation of GMCs.This mechanism may be associated with the regulation of apoptosis-related proteins,such as Mfn2,Bcl-2,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9.These findings may provide a new direction for the mechanism of GMCs proliferation and intervention research in IgAN.

Objective To explore the effects of continuous nursing on postoperative urinary incontinence in patients with prostate cancer, so as to provide clinical evidence to improve the quality of postoperative and extended nursing care.Methods A total of 120 patients with prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from January 2016 to January 2017, who met the inclusion criteria were recruited in the research. The patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group by sortition randomization method, with 60 cases in each. The patients in control group were given routine discharge health education, and the experimental group received continuous nursing on the basis of routine discharge nursing. Three months after discharge, the incidence, duration, frequency and quantity of urinary incontinence in the two groups were recorded by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICI-Q-SF). A self-designed prostate cancer postoperative-related knowledge questionnaire, which evaluated the patients understanding prostate cancer care, was completed by the patients of the two groups. A self-designed satisfaction questionnaire was used to evaluate and compare the satisfaction of the two groups of patients to the quality of nursing.Results The incidence rate and the duration of postoperative urinary continence in the experimental group [16.7％,(4.1±2.8) d] were significantly lower than those in the control group (χ2=9.076,t=-2.630;P<0.05). After 3 months of discharge, the score of related knowledge and the satisfaction of nursing work in the experimental group were both higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusions Continuous nursing care for discharged patients after prostatectomy can enhance patients' knowledge of disease, effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative incontinence, reduce urinary incontinence duration, and improve patients' satisfaction with nursing quality.

Objective To explore the real psychological experience in elderly patients with prostatic cancer after castration and to offer reference for formulating targeted interventions.Methods Totally 15 elderly prostatic cancer patients who received castration and total androgen blockade in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from October 2014 to June 2016 were selected by convenient sampling and interviewed intensively.The data were analyzed by Colaizzi's seven-step method for qualitative studies.Results Totally 3 topics were summarized:the sense of uncertainty in elderly prostatic cancer patients after castration;changes in social adaptation;self-image disorder.Conclusions Various psychological crises,especially depression,are experienced in elderly prostatic cancer patients after castration.Therefore,continuous and extensive support is required for elderly prostatic cancer patients after castration.

Objective To explore the deep venous thrombosis risk assessment table application in the evaluation of patients with respiratory diseases of deep venous thrombosis. Methods Caprini risk score model and Padua score prediction based on the related literature and respiratory diseases in reference to the characteristics of deep venous thrombosis risk factors for deep vein thrombosis, risk assessment table. And in January 2015 October 155 cases of hospitalized patients were evaluated using this table, and all patients underwent lower limb ultrasonography. Results The results showed the risk and the population under ultrasound in 60 cases (score=2 points) thrombosis probability is 0%, 95 cases of high risk population and above (score more than 3 cent) thrombosis probability is 25.26%. There were significant differences between the two groups (χ2=17.94, all P<0.05). Conclusion The application ofnon operative patients with deep venous thrombosis risk assessment table can be a good screening of high-risk patients with thrombosis. For thrombosis in high-risk groups to physical intervention, so as to reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) guided with endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 58 patients with rectal ENEs who underwent ESD from January 2011 to December 2015 in JiangSu Province Hospital.Manifestations of EUS, clinicopathological characteristics, proliferation activity grade, complete resection rate, complications and follow-up results of lesion were studied.Results Those treated by ESD included 58 patients with 64 lesions of rectal NENs.EUS results showed that 3 lesions originated from mucosa, 3 from muscularis mucosa and 58 from submucosa.A total of 34 lesions located within 5 cm from anus, 26 in 6-10 cm from anus and 4 more than 10 cm from anus.All 64 lesions were successfully treated by ESD.The mean maximum diameter of the lesions was 0.8 cm(0.2-3.5 cm), and the mean procedure time was 31 min(10-60 min).The complete resection rate was 93.8% (60/64).There were 4 patients with positive basal surgical margin, and two of them underwent additional surgery and two others were treated with argon plasma coagulation after rejecting surgery and ESD.Histological examination determined that 59 lesions were pathologic grade 1(G1) and 5 were pathologic grade 2(G2).Delayed bleeding occurred in 4 cases after ESD,which was managed by medicine in 1 case and endoscopic treatment in 3 cases.No perforation occurred after ESD.During a mean follow-up period of 22.9 months(3-48 months), no lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis was observed.Conclusion EUS is able to distinguish the origin of rectal NENs and aid determining the range and depth of ESD.ESD appears to be a safe, feasible and effective procedure for providing accurate histopathologica1 evaluations as well as curative treatments for rectal NENs limited to submucosa.

Objective To investigate value of endoscopic submucosal dissection foRearly gastric canceR(EGC) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) using endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and its risk factors influencing dissection.Methods The date of 80 patients who underwent ESD foREGC and HGIN in ouRhospital from DecembeR2012 to June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.The clinical manifestation,endoscopic appearance and histopathological information were collected and the risk factors influencing curative resection afteRESD were analyzed.Results Among the enrolled 80 patients,the overall resection rate was 100%,the complete resection rate was 86.25% and the curative resection rate was 86.25%.The curative resection rate of the EGC group was significantly less than that of the HGIN group,(93.6% vs.75.76%,P<0.05).Single factoRanalysis revealed that patients with the following criteria were more likely to have higheRresection rate:a lesion size ≥2 cm,submucosa invasion and ulceration (P<0.05).Additional multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that submucosa invasion (OR=6.300,95% CI: 0.516-12.658,P<0.001),a lesion size ≥2 cm(OR=12.193,95% CI: 1.323～112.347,P=0.027) and ulceration(OR=5.679,95% CI: 1.087～29.678,P=0.040)were independent risk factors foRresection.Conclusion ESD is effective method foREGC and HGIN patients.Strictly evaluation and comprehensive treatment method are necessary foRsubmucosa invasion,lesion size ≥2 cm,and ulceration patients.

Objective To investigate value of endoscopic submucosal dissection foRearly gastric canceR(EGC) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) using endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and its risk factors influencing dissection.Methods The date of 80 patients who underwent ESD foREGC and HGIN in ouRhospital from DecembeR2012 to June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.The clinical manifestation,endoscopic appearance and histopathological information were collected and the risk factors influencing curative resection afteRESD were analyzed.Results Among the enrolled 80 patients,the overall resection rate was 100%,the complete resection rate was 86.25% and the curative resection rate was 86.25%.The curative resection rate of the EGC group was significantly less than that of the HGIN group,(93.6% vs.75.76%,P<0.05).Single factoRanalysis revealed that patients with the following criteria were more likely to have higheRresection rate:a lesion size ≥2 cm,submucosa invasion and ulceration (P<0.05).Additional multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that submucosa invasion (OR=6.300,95% CI: 0.516-12.658,P<0.001),a lesion size ≥2 cm(OR=12.193,95% CI: 1.323～112.347,P=0.027) and ulceration(OR=5.679,95% CI: 1.087～29.678,P=0.040)were independent risk factors foRresection.Conclusion ESD is effective method foREGC and HGIN patients.Strictly evaluation and comprehensive treatment method are necessary foRsubmucosa invasion,lesion size ≥2 cm,and ulceration patients.