Objective To explore the effect of lidocaine(LID)on ischemia-reperfusion injury in orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT)rats and to analyze its mechanism of action.Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into Verteporfin group,high-dose LID(High LID),medium-dose LID(Medium LID),low-dose LID(Low LID),Model and Control groups,on average.The rest of the rats except the control rats were used to establish OLT models.Observe the pathological changes in liver tissue were with hematoxylin-eosin staining.Serum aspartate transaminase(AST),total bilirubin(TBIL),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)activities and alanine transaminase(ALT)were detected.Measure liver tissue levels of proinflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,and IL-10 with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)was detected by a fluorescence probe.Malondialdehyde(MDA)was detected by the thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method.Superoxide dismutase(SOD)was detected by nitrogen blue tetrazole colorimetry.Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)was detected by a spectrophotometry method.Apoptosis of liver histiocytes was detected by in situ end labeling.Detect the expression of mammalian STE20 like protein kinase(MST1),phosphorylation(p)-MST1,large tumor suppressor factor 1(LATS1),p-LATS1,Yes associated protein(YAP),p-YAP,and apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2 related X protein(Bax)with Western blot.Results Compared with the Control group,liver tissue in Model group rats showed injury,liver cell necrosis,and a large degree of inflammatory cell infiltration.Moreover,the cell apoptosis rate;serum AST,ALT,TBIL,and LDH activities;and liver tissue levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,MDA,ROS,and Bax were significantly increased.Furthermore,liver tissue levels of IL-10,SOD,GSH-Px,Bcl-2,p-MST1/MST1,p-LATS1/LATS1,and p-YAP/YAP proteins were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Compared with the Model group,liver tissue injury was reduced in Low LID,Medium LID,and High LID groups.The cell apoptosis rate;serum AST,ALT,TBIL,and LDH activities;and liver tissue levels of TNF-α,IL-6,1L-1β,MDA,ROS,and Bax were significantly reduced.Moreover,liver tissue levels of IL-10,SOD,GSH-Px,Bcl-2,p-MST1/MST1,p-LATS1/LATS1,and p-YAP/YAP proteins were significantly increased(P＜0.05).Hippo-YAP signaling pathway inhibitor verteporfin reversed the improving effect of LID on ischemia-reperfusion injury in OLT rats(P＜0.05).Conclusions LID may activate the Hippo-YAP pathway,which reduces the inflammatory response,oxidative stress,and liver cell apoptosis,and improves liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in OLT rats.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of Xiaojin Pills in the treatment of breast cancer using an integrated network pharmacology and experimental verification.Methods The chemical components and potential targets of Xiaojin Pills were obtained from TCMSP,TCM-ID,ETCM and SwissTargetPrediction databases.Breast cancer related targets were collected from GeneCards,OMIM and KEGG databases.The overlapped targets were imported into STRING database to analysis a protein-protein interaction(PPI).The key targets of PPI networks were screened based on node topology parameter values through Cytoscape 3.8.0.DAVID database was used to analyze the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment to build drug-chemical components-key targets-signaling pathway network.The breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 were used to study the effects of Xiaojin Pills extract on cell apoptosis,migration and invasion,and to verify the key pathway obtained by enrichment analysis.Results Totally 181 chemical components in Xiaojin Pills were obtained,including quercetin,myricetin,pinocembrin and β-sitosterol.615 potential targets were identified for the anti-breast cancer effects of Xiaojin Pills.After overlapping,170 key targets against breast cancer were identified based on the topological analysis,which included SRC,ERK1/2,AKT1,EGFR,etc.KEGG analysis enriched pathways including pathways in cancer,MAPK signaling pathway,endocrine resistance,PI3K-AKT signaling pathway,EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance,apoptosis,and HIF-1 signaling pathway,which may play important roles in the therapeutic effects of Xiaojin Pills against breast cancer.GO enrichment was involved in protein phosphorylation,inflammatory response,negative regulation of apoptosis,and positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascades.Cell experiments showed that Xiaojin Pills further induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways.At the same time,the expressions of ZO-1 and β-catenin increased,and the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation process was reversed to inhibit the metastasis of breast cancer cells.Conclusion The key targets and signaling pathways of Xiaojin Pills in the treatment of breast cancer are studied through network pharmacology combined with in vitro experiments,which provided a basis for further study of its pharmacodynamic material basis,mechanism of action and clinical application.

Systemic immune-inflammation index(SII)is an indicator to comprehensively evaluate the inflammatory and immune status of the body,which is calculated by neutrophil,PLT and lymphocyte count in blood.In terms of liver diseases,SII has been confirmed to be related to the prognosis and prediction of liver cirrhosis,liver cancer,hepatitis and other diseases.This article elaborates the important role of SII in liver dis-ease and effective prediction for the disease prognosis in detail.

Perioperative management and protection are inextricably linked to the occurrence of postoperative complications.Higher levels of postoperative inflammation are associated with increased post-operative complications and mortality.Systemic immune-inflammation index(SII)is a newly proposed sys-temic immune inflammatory response marker,which can better respond to the level of inflammation,and maintaining a low level of SII during surgery can greatly reduce the occurrence of postoperative complica-tions,promote disease recovery,and reduce mortality.Norepinephrine(NE)has the function of inhibiting inflammatory response,inhibiting the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory factors through β2-adrenergic receptors,and promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10.Therefore,this review e-laborates on the mechanism of action of norepinephrine and the relationship between NE and systemic SII levels,and further explores the effect of norepinephrine on SII by regulating inflammatory cells.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of overseas imported dengue fever and malaria cases in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the prevention and control of overseas imported arthropod-borne infectious diseases. Methods: The data pertaining to imported dengue fever and malaria cases in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2021 were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the temporal distribution, regional distribution, population distribution, sources, diagnosis and treatment of imported dengue fever and malaria cases were descriptively analyzed. Results: Totally 4 332 overseas imported dengue fever cases and 2 011 overseas imported malaria cases were reported in Yunnan Province form 2015 to 2021, which accounted for 30.09% of all reported dengue fever cases and 98.53% of all reported malaria cases. The number of overseas imported dengue fever and malaria cases peaked from August to November (83.13% of all imported dengue fever cases) and from April to July (59.08% of all imported malaria cases), and the cases were predominantly reported in Dehong Prefecture (50.99% and 58.88%), with farmers as the predominant occupation (40.21% and 67.93%). The dengue fever and malaria cases were mainly imported from Southeast Asia (99.04% and 88.21%), and the proportions of definitive diagnosis of dengue fever and malaria were 88.33% and 97.80% at township hospitals, respectively. Conclusions The number of overseas imported dengue fever and malaria cases peaked from August to November and from April to July in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2021, and the cases were predominantly reported in Dehong Prefecture and imported from Southeast Asia, with farmers as the predominant occupation.

In recent years, the issue of "reproducibility" of scientific research results has become more and more prominent. Radiobiology is a medical science that studies the biological effect of radiation on living organisms, and there is also a serious problem of "reproducibility of findings". Inaccuracy of physical dose or incomplete dosimetric reports is one of the main causes. Use of guidelines, specifications and recommendations for dosimetric measurement, such as the standardized scoring system for dosimetric reports, will help improving the standardization and accuracy of physical dose measurement in radiobiological research. In this article, multiple guidelines and recommends for improving collaboration between radiobiology and radiation physics, as well as for dose standardization of radiobiological research were evaluated, aiming to provide reference for improving the reproducibility of radiobiological research.

Objective:To observe the effect of project-based learning (PBL) in the clinical teaching of radiation physics.Methods:Thirty-two residents specializing in radiotherapy were included in the study. In the experimental group ( n=16), PBL was adopted, while traditional clinical teaching method was employed in the control group ( n=16). After the rotation, the assessment was conducted, as well as a questionnaire survey was performed, including five aspects: overall satisfaction, understanding of radiation physics knowledge, learning motivation, learning burden, and learning efficiency. Results:The assessment score in the experimental group was 86.31±5.41, which was higher than 75.28±5.91 in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant. Residents in the experimental group were satisfied with the effect of PBL.Conclusion:Compared with the traditional teaching method, PBL can improve the learning motivation, efficiency, and performance of radiotherapy residents, which is highly recognized by the residents.

Albumin is the most abundant protein in human plasma, and its oncotic and non-oncotic functions can regulate various functions in human body. In patients with end-stage liver disease, the deterioration of disease conditions and related complications caused by the reduction, loss, and abnormal function of albumin can be alleviated or even improved to some extent after the treatment with human serum albumin. This article reviews recent clinical studies in China and foreign countries, discusses the application and clinical effect of human serum albumin in end-stage liver disease, and points out that effective monitoring of albumin content may become a new indicator for the prognosis and treatment of end-stage liver disease.

Objective:To establish a BALB/c mouse model of Echinococcus granulosus allergy and investigate the role of lymphocyte subsets in Echinococcus granulosus-induced sensitization. Methods:Echinococcus granulosus was isolated from the liver of sheep naturally infected with Echinococcus granulosus and cultured for 40 d. BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 50 microcapsules and sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 ml/10 g of larval Echinococcus granulosus capsule six months after infection. According to the symptom scores 1 h after sensitization, these mice were divided into two groups: non-sensitized group ( n=6) and sensitized group ( n=6). The mice ( n=6) in control group were injected with sterile saline. Blood sample was collected from the angular vein of each mouse. Flow cytometry was used to detect B cells, NK cells and CD3 +/CD4 +/CD8 + T cells. Cytometric bead array was used to measure IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13. Results:The percentage of B cells was significantly higher in the non-sensitized group than in the control group ( P<0.001), but no significant difference was observed between the sensitized group and the control group. Compared with the non-sensitized group, the percentage of B cells in the sensitized group decreased significantly ( P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the percentages of NK cells in the non-sensitized group and the sensitized group decreased significantly ( P<0.001 and P<0.01). Compared with the non-sensitized group, the percentage of NK cells in the sensitized group increased significantly ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the percentage of CD3 + and CD4 + T cells in the non-sensitized group decreased significantly ( P<0.05), while the percentage of CD8 + T cells increased significantly ( P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the percentage of CD3 + and CD4 + T cells in the sensitized group increased significantly ( P<0.05 and P<0.001), while no significant change in the percentage of CD8 + T cells was detected. Compared with the non-sensitized group, the percentage of CD3 + and CD4 + T cells in the sensitized group increased significantly ( P<0.05), while the percentage of CD8 + T cells decreased significantly ( P<0.01). The levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13 were significantly higher in the non-sensitized group than in the control group ( P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the sensitized group showed increased IL-4 ( P>0.05), significantly increased IL-6 ( P<0.01) and decreased IL-13 ( P>0.05). The levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-13 in the sensitized group were significantly lower than those in the non-sensitized group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The BALB/c mouse model of allergy induced by larval Echinococcus granulosus was successfully established. This study proved that the humoral immune response induced by Th2 cells played an important role in Echinococcus granulosus-induced sensitization, which provides an important scientific basis for establishing a prevention and treatment strategy for patients with anaphylactic shock caused by extravasation of Echinococcus granulosus fluid.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of stem cell transplantation in treatment of ischemic stroke.Methods:Randomized controlled studies about stem cell transplantation in the treatment of ischemic stroke were searched from Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Ovid, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang and VIP database from database establishment to March 2021. The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the clinical data of the stem cell transplantation patients and conventional treatment patients were extracted. The differences of baseline value and final value of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, Function Independent Measurement (FIM) scores, Fugl-Meyer Measurement (FMA) scores, Barthel index (BI), Activity of Daily Living (ADL) scale scores, modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores between the two groups were combined for Meta analysis.Results:Eighteen articles were included in the study, including 1334 patients; 668 patients were from the stem cell transplantation group and 666 patients were from the conventional treatment group. The results showed that NIHSS scores (difference in means [ MD]=3.510, 95%CI: 2.540-4.480, P=0.000], FIM scores ( MD=11.380, 95%CI: 5.470-17.280, P=0.000), FMA scores ( MD=13.830, 95%CI: 12.590-15.070, P=0.000), BI ( MD=22.100, 95%CI: 19.430-24.770, P=0.000), ADL scores ( MD=9.290, 95%CI: 3.530-15.050, P=0.002), and mRS scores ( P=0.004) in the stem cell transplantation group were significantly higher as compared with those in the conventional treatment group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Stem cell transplantation on the basis of conventional treatment has good clinical efficacy in the recovery of neurological function, improvement of activity of daily living, and improvement of limb motor function in patients with ischemic stroke.