Objective This study aims to examine the association between leptin and postpartum depression symptoms. Methods Two hundred pregnant women were enrolled and their prenatal serum leptin levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The state of depression was first assessed on the third day after delivery and reassessed by a telephone follow up on the 42nd day using the Edinburg postnatal depression scale (EPDS) after delivery. Patients with postpartum depression symptoms with EPDS score ≥13 points after 3 days postpartum or 42 days postpartum were recruited as the depressive symptom group. Results The medians and lower and upper quartiles of the prenatal serum leptin levels in the depressive symptom group (the 3rd day) and the control group were 1.36 (1.15, 1.68) μg/L and 1.49 (1.28, 1.91) μg/L, respectively. After normal conversion, the serum leptin level was significantly lower in the depressive symptom group than in the control group (P=0.021). The medians and lower and upper quartiles of the prenatal serum leptin levels in the depressive symptom group (the 42nd day) and the control group were 1.17 (1.01, 1.36) μg/L and 1.50 (1.29, 1.90) μg/L, respectively. After normal conversion, the serum leptin level was significantly lower in the depressive symptom group than in the control group (P＜0.001). EPDS scores 3 days postpartum (r=-0.199, P=0.014) and 42 days postpartum (r=-0.254, P=0.002) were negatively correlated with prenatal serum leptin levels. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the prenatal leptin levels were associated with depressive symptoms at 42 days postpartum (OR=0.026, P=0.001). Conclusion Prenatal serum leptin levels may be associated with postpartum depressive symptoms, and high levels of leptin are protective factors for postpartum depression.

Objective To understand the occurrence situation of negative life events in the past year among college students with suicidal ideation and to explore the correlation between negative life events and suicidal ideation. Methods The stratified and cluster sampling method was applied to conduct the questionnaire survey on 12 114 students from 11 universities in Chongqing City. The questionnaire of general demographic information was used to learn sociodemographic characteristics;the perspective on personal life questionnaire was applied to evaluate the suicidal ideation within recent 1 month and the self-designed life event scale was used to investigate the occurrence of negative life events in the past 1 year. Results The report rate of suicidal ideation within 1 month was 9.6%, the occurrence rate of short term suicidal ideation was increased with experiencing more negative life events. The x2 test showed that there was statistically significant difference in the proportion of suicidal ideation occurrence between college students experiencing 1 negative life event and those without experiencing the negative life event (x2 = 37.72,P<0.01) ;besides, the occurrence proportion of recent suicidal ideation had statistical difference between the college students with experiencing two or more negative life events and those without experiencing negative life event (x2 = 65.46,P<0.01). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the conflict with other family members (OR=0. 295,95%CI 0. 017-0. 571),abuse (OR=7. 295, 95%CI 6. 049-9. 701) were independentrisk factor for the recent suicidal ideation in college students. Conclusion Experiencing more negative life events, conflicting with other family members and abused by others have a correlation with the appearance of short term suicidal ideation in college students.

Objective·To identify the relationship between the estimated fetal weight (EFW) discordance and birth weight (BW) discordance, and evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in predicting birth weight discordance (△BW) of twin pregnancy. Methods·The ultrasound was used to detect the growth of twins at different gestational weeks and the data were analyzed to compare the difference between EFW discordance (△EFW) and ?BW. Results·About 15.9 percent of twins (totally 277 cases) had severe △BW (△BW ≥20%) in our study, and the percentages of dichorionic-diamniotic twin (DCDA) and monochorionic-diamniotic twin (MCDA) were 68.2% and 31.8%, respectively (P>0.01). Compared with △EFW in other gestational weeks,△EFW last time before parturition was most consistent of △BW. Furthermore, the negative predictive value of MCDA was highest (94%) at 22-24 gestational weeks. Conclusion·Twin △BW was relatively better predicted by △EFW last time before parturition. Twin pregnancy without severe △EFW (△EFW<20%), especially MCDA with △EFW<20% at 22-24 weeks, had low probability of selective intrauterine growth restriction in the future.

Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture plus acupoint injection on the hyperhomocystinemia in the convalescent stage of cerebral infarction patients.Method A total of 120 patients in the convalescent stage of cerebral infarction with hyperhomocystinemia were randomized into group A, group B, and group C, 40 cases in each group. The three groups were intervened by conventional western medicine treatment and rehabilitation therapy, the group A was byXing Nao Kai Qiao acupuncture treatment in addition, the group B was by acupoint injection with cobamamide for injection and the group C was byXing Nao Kai Qiao acupuncture plus acupoint injection treatment. The change of the plasma homocysteine (HCY) level, the Barthel Index (BI) score and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score were observed before and after treatment.ResultEach index(the HCY level, BI score and NIHSS score) in the three groups was significantly changed after treatment(P<0.01). Each index in the group C was significantly different from that in the group A and group B after treatment(P<0.05,P<0.01). The HCY level of the group B after the treatment was significantly different from that of the group A.Conclusion Acupuncture plus acupoint injection can significantly change the HCY level of the convalescent stage of cerebral infarction patients with hyperhomocystinemia, improve the activity of daily living and nerve function.

Objective To explore the cross-sectional study of depressive and emotional regulation strategies of elderly residents in Yinchuan and their relationship.Methods A total number of 1 043 elderly cases,including 505 from 5 nursing institutions and 538 from 5 communities in Yinchuan city were chosen,from March to May,2016.Depression survey using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS),emotional adjustment strategies were conducted using the Gross Emotional Regulatory Questionnaire and the Rumination Scale.Results The overall incidence rate of depression among the elderly residents appeared as 32.0％,with 35.5％ in the communities and 28.3％ in the nursing homes and the difference was statistically significant (x2=6.187,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of depression among the elderly and the aged in the community (x2=0.066,P=0.798) by the trend analysis method.The score of GDS for the 1 043 elderly was (9.1 ±5.7) points.The scores on cognitive reappraisal in emotional adjustment strategies and on expression inhibition were (26.7 ± 8.0) and (16.3 ± 6.6) points respectively.The score of the rumination was (34.5 ± 11.7) points.There were significant differences in cognitive reappraisal scores on different sex,hobbies and physical exercise (all Ps＜0.05) among the elderly.There were significant differences in rumination scores among the elderly with different age,marital status,cultural level,interest (all Ps ＜0.05) and in the scores of expression inhibition among the elderly with different levels of education and income (all Ps＜0.05).There appeared a negative correlation between the depression scores and cognitive reappraisal (r=-0.400,P＜0.01) but a positive correlation between the scores of depression and rumination (r=0.652,P＜0.01).Conclusion The incidence of depression identified in the elderly residents appeared high and was associated with emotional adjustment strategies,in Yinchuan city.

OBJECTIVETo understand the prevalence of high risk behaviors and influencing factors among HIV infected persons aged ≥50 years.

METHODSFace to face questionnaire interview was conducted among the HIV infected persons selected in Jianshui, Gejiu and Mengzi counties in Yunnan province through random sampling in June 2015. The sample size was 450.

RESULTSAmong the HIV infected persons surveyed, 41.2% (122/296) had sexual behaviors with their spouses during past year, and the consistent condom use rate was 66.4% (81/122). Among the HIV infected males, 8.9% (28/313) had commercial sexual behaviors during past year, and the consistent condom use rate was 17.9% (5/28). Among the HIV infected females, 0.7% were still engaged in commercial sex service during past year. Among the 450 HIV infected persons, 32 (7.1%) reported having casual sex behaviors during past years, and the consistent condom use rate was 18.7% (6/32). The rate of commercial sexual behavior in urban residents (13.4%, 19/115) was higher than that in rural residents (4.5%, 9/198), the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=11.715, P=0.001). The risk factors for commercial sex behaviors included lack of family and social support, aged 50-59 years, living in urban area, higher income and being male. The risk factors for using no condom included living in rural area, lower education level, lack of family and social support and higher income.

CONCLUSIONSRisk sex behaviors are still prevalent in HIV infected people aged >50 years, which exacerbated HIV transmission. Further efforts should be focused on the education about AIDS prevention and control and promoting protected sexual behaviors. Additional effort should be done to improve the family and social support for HIV infected people aged >50 years. Moreover, comprehensive intervention for low-paid female sex workers also needs to be strengthened.

China ; epidemiology ; Condoms ; utilization ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sex Work ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Behavior ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in the characteristic medicinal cupping therapy between the traditional cupping device and the innovated cupping device.

METHODSFifty patients of neck and low back pain were selected. The self-comparison was adopted. The cupping therapy was applied to the acupoints located on the left or right side with the traditional cupping device and the innovated cupping device. The cupping sites were centered at bilateral Quyuan (SI 13) and Dachangshu (BL 25). The cups were retained for 10 min. The traditional cupping device was the glass with smooth border, 100mL. The innovated cupping device was the vacuum-sucking cup. The operative time, medicinal leakage, comfort and cupping marks were observed for the two different cupping devices.

RESULTSThe operative time with the innovated medicinal cupping device was shorter obviously compared with the traditional one at Quyuan (SI 13) and Dachangshu (BL 25, both P<0. 05). The comfort with the innovated medicinal cupping device was remarkably improved as compared with the traditional one at the two acupoints (both P<0. 05). The medicinal leakage was similar between the two different devices during the cupping operation (both P>0. 05). The cupping marks with the innovated medicinal cupping device were much deeper than those with the traditional one after cupping therapy.

CONCLUSIONThe innovated cupping device is more convenent and comfortable in operation during the characteristic medicinal cupping therapy.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; instrumentation ; methods ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Neck Pain ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To administer a lower dose according to different indoor temperatures to give play to the effect of characteristic decoction cup hot compress and be able to save the cost of medicine. Method Twenty subjects were allocated, according to different indoor temperatures, to four groups, 5 cases each. Each subject received 10 sessions of decoction cupping with different doses. The decoction in all the cups was 45℃ before cupping. The temperature of decoction in the cups was measured after cupping. The average value of temperatures of the same doses at the same indoor temperature was calculated after cupping. The graph of average temperature curve of decoction in the cups was produced according to the indoor temperature after cupping with different doses. Finally obtained were the lowest doses of decoction with hot compress effect in the cup required at different indoor temperatures. Result To produce the effect of characteristic decoction cup hot compress, the decoction in the cup must be more than 55 mL in a indoor temperature of 10℃~14℃, more than 45 mL in a indoor temperature of 15℃~19℃ and more than 25 mL in a indoor temperature of 20℃~24℃. Only 20 mL of decoction was needed in indoor temperatures above 25℃. Conclusion A dose of decoction is flexibly selected according to a seasonal change in indoor temperature. That can not only have the effect of hot compress but also save the dosage.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of hydro-medicinal cupping using Chinese medicinal granules in treating discogenic low back pain. Methods Sixty patients with discogenic low back pain were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 in each group. The two groups were both intervened by hydro-medicinal cupping at Yaoyangguan (GV 3) and two sides of the point, while the Chinese medicinal granules were used in the treatment group and the conventional form of medicine was used in the control group. The pain score was observed before treatment and after 4 treatment courses, and the clinical efficacies were also compared. Results The pain scores were significantly changed after intervention in both groups (P<0.01). After intervention, there was no significant difference in comparing pain score between the two groups (P>0.05). The total effective rate was 93.3%in the treatment group versus 96.7% in the control group, and the difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusions Hydro-medicinal cupping is an effective approach in treating discogenic low back pain, and there is no marked difference in efficacy between the Chinese medicinal granules and conventional form of medicine.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the instant gastrointestinal ultrasound contrast agent in the digestive diseases. Methods Five hundred and seventy-nine patients received the examination of the color Doppler after they drinked the ultrasonic contrast agent. Then the results were analyzed by consistency analysis. Results There was high consistency between the two examinations in the normal control, gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and gastric leiomyoma. The Kappa value was 0.768, 0.913, 0.925, 0.939 and 1.000, respectively. But the consistency in the gastric polyp was low , the Kappa value was 0.368. Conclusion The color Doppler through the instant gastrointestinal ultrasound contrast agent has high diagnostic value in the common diseases of the digestive system.