To analyze the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of clinical Salmonella isolates from multiple centers across China.

BACKGROUND:It has been demonstrated that osteoclast activation plays an important role in skeletal system-related diseases.The mechanism of regulation of osteoclast activation by extracellular vesicles carrying non-coding RNA has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE:To review and summarize relevant literature in and outside China,and to review the regulation of osteoclast activation by different non-coding RNAs in extracellular vesicles in different diseases,so as to provide a certain direction for subsequent research. METHODS:"Non-coding RNA,miRNA,lncRNA,circRNA,snoRNA,osteoclasts,extracellular vesicles,exosome,microparticle,apoptotic bodies"were used as search terms to search the databases of CNKI,WanFang,and VIP."Extracellular vesicles,exosome,microparticle,apoptotic bodies,non-coding RNA,miRNA,lncRNA,circRNA,snoRNA,osteoclast"were used as search terms to search PubMed.Finally,71 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The activation of osteoclasts is affected by many factors,among which the specific mechanism of non-coding RNA regulating osteoclast activation is not clear.(2)Extracellular vesicles can be secreted by osteoblasts,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,tumor cells and other cells.As a carrier of intercellular communication,extracellular vesicles can carry non-coding RNA to regulate osteoclast activation.(3)In the current studies on the regulation of osteoclast activation by extracellular vesicles carrying non-coding RNA,most of the diseases are osteoporosis,followed by tumor bone metastasis,and most types of non-coding RNA are miRNA.(4)There are relatively few studies on the regulation of extracellular vesicles carrying lncRNA and circRNA and snoRNA on osteoclast activation,and the regulatory mechanism is mainly ceRNA mechanism.(5)In conclusion,an in-depth study of the regulatory mechanism of extracellular vesicles carrying non-coding RNA on osteoclast activation is helpful to find key targets for the treatment of skeletal system-related diseases.

BACKGROUND:Compared with traditional two-dimensional culture,three-dimensional microtissue culture can show greater advantages.However,more favorable cultivation methods in three-dimensional culture still need to be further explored. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the cell behavior of microtissue and its ability to promote cartilage formation under two three-dimensional culture methods. METHODS:Cartilage-derived microcarriers were prepared by chemical decellularization and tissue crushing.DNA quantification and nuclear staining were used to verify the success of decellularization,and histological staining was used to observe the matrix retention before and after decellularization.The microcarriers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and CCK-8 assay.Cartilage-derived microtissues were constructed by combining cartilage-derived microcarriers with human adipose mesenchymal stem cells through three-dimensional static culture and three-dimensional dynamic culture methods.The cell viability and chondrogenic ability of the two groups of microtissues were detected by scanning electron microscopy,live and dead staining,and RT-qPCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Cartilage-derived microcarriers were successfully prepared.Compared with before decellularization,the DNA content significantly decreased after decellularization(P<0.001).Scanning electron microscope observation showed that the surface of the microcarrier was surrounded by collagen,maintaining the characteristics of the natural extracellular matrix of cartilage cells.CCK-8 assay indicated that microcarriers had no cytotoxicity and could promote cell proliferation.(2)Scanning electron microscopy and live and dead staining results showed that compared with the three-dimensional static group,the three-dimensional dynamic group had a more extended morphology of microtissue cells,and extensive connections between cells and cells,between cells and matrix,and between matrix.(3)The results of RT-qPCR showed that the expressions of SOX9,proteoglycan,and type Ⅱ collagen in microtissues of both groups were increased at 7 or 14 days.The relative expression levels of each gene in the three-dimensional dynamic group were significantly higher than those in the three-dimensional static group at 14 days(P<0.05).At 21 days,the three-dimensional static group had significantly higher gene expression compared with the three-diomensional dynamic group(P<0.001).(4)The results showed that compared with three-dimensional static culture microtissue,three-dimensional dynamic culture microtissue could achieve higher expression of chondrogen-related genes in a shorter time,showing better cell viability and chondrogenic ability.

With reference to the teaching reform of standardized training cases based on organ systems, a teaching case writing team has been established, integrating the teaching experts in basic medicine, clinical medicine, humanities medicine, and other fields. Through collective lesson preparation and discussion, non-fictional comprehensive scenario writing techniques have been used based on organ systems and oriented by competency development, and the teaching cases for postgraduate students were written on the basis of real cases, which lays a solid foundation for the hierarchical and progressive cultivation and improvement of the quality of competency cultivation for postgraduate students through case teaching based on organ systems.

OBJECTIVES: In light of the rise in the global aging population, this study investigated the potential of the oxidative balance score (OBS) as an indicator of phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) to better understand and potentially slow down aging. METHODS: Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between 2001 and 2010, including 13,142 United States adults (48.7% female and 51.2% male) aged 20 and above, OBS and PhenoAgeAccel were calculated. Weighted generalized linear regression models were employed to explore the associations between OBS and PhenoAgeAccel, including a sex-specific analysis. RESULTS: The OBS demonstrated significant variability across various demographic and health-related factors. There was a clear negative correlation observed between the higher OBS quartiles and PhenoAgeAccel, which presented sex-specific results: the negative association between OBS and PhenoAgeAccel was more pronounced in male than in female. An analysis using restricted cubic splines revealed no significant non-linear relationships. Interaction effects were noted solely in the context of sex and hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSIONS A higher OBS was significantly associated with a slower aging process, as measured by lower PhenoAgeAccel. These findings underscore the importance of OBS as a biomarker in the study of aging and point to sex and hyperlipidemia as variables that may affect this association. Additional research is required to confirm these results and to investigate the biological underpinnings of this relationship.

Objective:To evaluate the optimization efficacy of pressure-volume (P-V) curve-based individualized lung-protective ventilation strategy combined with pressure-controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) mode (LPVS+ PCV-VG) for one-lung ventilation (OLV) in elderly patients undergoing radical resection of lung cancer.Methods:Seventy American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classificationⅡ-Ⅲ patients, aged 65-74 yr, with body mass index of 18-24 kg/m 2, undergoing elective thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer, were divided into 2 groups ( n=35 each) using a random number table method: PCV-VG group and LPVS+ PCV-VG group. Blood samples were collected from the radial artery for blood gas analysis before induction of general anesthesia (T 0), at 5 min of two lung ventilation after endotracheal intubation (T 1), at 30 min of OLV (T 2), at the end of OLV (T 3), and at 5 min of two lung ventilation in supine position (T 4). Ppeak, mean airway pressure (Pmean) and dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) were recorded. The use of antibiotics, lung-related complications and rehabilitation were recorded within 7 days after operation. Results:Compared with PCV-VG group, PaO 2, PaCO 2 and Cdyn were significantly increased at T 2-4, Ppeak was decreased at T 2, 3, Pmean was increased at T 3, the requirement for antibiotics within 7 days after operation was decreased, the incidence of 1 grade lung-related complications was decreased, and the thoracic drainage tube indwelling time and length of hospital stay were shortened in LPVS+ PCV-VG group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Individualized LPVS based on P-V curve combined with PCV-VG mode provides better efficacy for OLV in elderly patients undergoing radical resection of lung cancer.

Background Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is neurotoxic and can cause neuronal damage by oxidative stress. Proanthocyanidin (PC) has antioxidant activity, and its mechanism may related to nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway. Objective To explore potential protective effect of PC on hippocampal neuron injury induced by BaP oxidative stress. Methods Hippocampal neurons of neonatal SD rats delivered within 24 h were isolated and cultured, and cell activity was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. According to the pre-experimental results, a control group and three BaP groups of 10, 20 and 40 µmol·L⁻¹ were set up for Stage I experiment. The length of neurites and number of branches of hippocampal neurons in each group were observed by immunofluorescence method. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluorescence probe method was used to measure ROS levels in cells. Real-time quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, Kelch-like epichlorohydrin associated protein-1 (Keap1), HO-1, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) in hippocampal neurons of each group, respectively. According to the results of Stage I experiment, three group were set up, including control group, BaP alone treatment group (BaP 20 µmol·L⁻¹), and PC intervention group (BaP 20 µmol·L⁻¹ + PC 2.5 µg·mL⁻¹) for Stage II experiment, with the same protocol as Stage I. Results For Stage I experiment, compared with the control group, the 10, 20, and 40 µmol·L⁻¹ BaP groups showed gradually shortened length of neurites [(177.60±3.49), (142.40±6.52), and (100.50±19.40) µm] (P<0.05) and decreased number of branches (8.00±1.00, 6.33±1.53, 4.33± 0.58) of hippocampal neurons (P<0.05); increased ROS production (2.38±0.33, 8.08±0.26, 9.86±0.19) (P<0.05); the qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 (0.35±0.03, 0.25±0.01, 0.13±0.03), Keap1 (0.70±0.01, 0.47±0.03, 0.15±0.02), HO-1 (0.77±0.02, 0.60±0.02, 0.32±0.01), and Bcl-2 (0.65±0.03, 0.47±0.02, 0.18±0.02) gradually decreased, and the mRNA expression level of Bax gradually increased (1.24±0.01, 2.25±0.15, 4.98±0.30) (P<0.05); the Western blotting results showed that the protein expression trends of Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, Bcl-2, and Bax were consistent with the mRNA results. For Stage II experiment, compared with the BaP alone treatment group, the length of neurites in the PC intervention group became longer, (149.90±3.01) μm vs (202.00±4.45) μm (P<0.05), the number of branches increased, (4.67±0.58) vs (8.33±0.58) (P<0.05); the ROS production reduced, (10.81±0.63) vs (7.31±0.70) (P<0.05); the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, and Bcl-2 increased (P<0.05), and the mRNA expression levels of Bax decreased (P<0.05); the Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, and Bcl-2 protein expression levels increased (P<0.05), and Bax protein expression level decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion PC may exert neuroprotective effects by activating the Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway, inhibiting BaP-induced oxidative stress in neuronal cells, and reducing cytotoxicity.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the regulatory effect of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) on type H vessels angiogenesis of bone. METHODS: Recent domestic and foreign related literature about the regulation of ncRNA in type H vessels angiogenesis was widely reviewed and summarized. RESULTS: Type H vessels is a special subtype of bone vessels with the ability to couple bone formation. At present, the research on ncRNA regulating type H vessels angiogenesis in bone diseases mainly focuses on microRNA, long ncRNA, and small interfering RNA, which can affect the expressions of hypoxia inducible factor 1α, platelet derived growth factor BB, slit guidance ligand 3, and other factors through their own unique ways of action, thus regulating type H vessels angiogenesis and participating in the occurrence and development of bone diseases. CONCLUSION At present, the mechanism of ncRNA regulating bone type H vessels angiogenesis has been preliminarily explored. With the deepening of research, ncRNA is expected to be a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of vascular related bone diseases.
Humans ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics* ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; Bone Diseases/genetics* ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; RNA, Small Interfering

Depressive disorder ranks as a major bur-den of disease worldwide,yet the current antidepressant medications are limited by frequent non-responsiveness and significant side effects.The lateral septum(LS)is thought to control of depression,however,the cellular and circuit substrates are largely unknown.Here,we identified a subpopulation of LS GABAergic adenosine A2A receptors(A2AR)-positive neurons mediating depres-sive symptoms via direct projects to the lateral habenula(LHb)and the dorsomedial hypothalamus(DMH).Activa-tion of A2AR in the LS augmented the spiking frequency of A2AR-positive neurons leading to a decreased activation of surrounding neurons and the bi-directional manipula-tion of LS-A2AR activity demonstrated that LS-A2ARs are necessary and sufficient to trigger depressive pheno-types.Thus,the optogenetic modulation(stimulation or inhibition)of LS-A2AR-positive neuronal activity or LS-A2AR-positive neurons projection terminals to the LHb or DMH,phenocopied depressive behaviors.Moreover,A2AR are upregulated in the LS in two male mouse mod-els of repeated stress-induced depression.This identifica-tion that aberrantly increased A2AR signaling in the LS is a critical upstream regulator of repeated stress-induced depressive-like behaviors provides a neurophysiological and circuit-based justification of the antidepressant poten-tial of A2AR antagonists,prompting their clinical transla-tion.

Objective:To analyze food intolerance status in children in Qingdao by detecting the serum levels of food-specific IgG (sIgG).Methods:In this cross-sectional study, a total of 4 249 children aged 0 to 14 years (all were permanent residents of Qingdao City) admitted to Women and Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University from May 2017 to December 2020 for suspected food intolerance were selected as the study objects with the whole sampling method. According to the age, the objects were divided into 4 groups: 0-<1 year group (440 cases), 1-<3 years group (1 761 cases), 3-<6 years group (1 193 cases), and ≥6 years group (855 cases). Positive condition of serum sIgG antibodies of 14 kinds of food in the children were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rate of the antibodies among different foods, gender and age groups.Results:The total positive rate of food sIgG antibody in 4 249 children was 95.32% (4 050/4 249), the highest positive rate was found in eggs (81.50%) and the lowest positive rate was found in pork (1.15%). The positive rates of sIgG antibody in milk (54.98% vs 49.69%, χ2=11.627), crab (5.59% vs 3.71%, χ2=8.049) and shrimp (4.62% vs 2.75%, χ2=9.784) in boys were significantly higher than those in girls, and the positive rates of sIgG antibody in tomato (49.19% vs 45.54%, χ2=5.510), cod (8.53% vs 5.96%, χ2=10.512) and beef (2.58% vs 1.70%, χ2=3.959) in girls were significantly higher than those in boys (all P<0.05). The total positive rate of sIgG antibody in 14 foods was the lowest in 0-<1 year group (89.09%), and it was the highest in 3-<6 years group (96.98%) ( χ2=63.950, P<0.001). The highest positive rate in 0-<1 year group was found in tomato (56.36%), and it was eggs (85.29%, 88.94%, 85.50%) in all the other 3 groups. The positive rates of corn and beef decreased with age ( χ2=44.098, 20.106, P<0.001), while those of cod and mushroom increased with age ( χ2=32.315, 40.338, P<0.001). The positive rate of wheat (57.13%, χ2=42.273), tomato (57.01%, χ2=209.862), soybean (24.99%, χ2=92.580), crab (6.81%, χ2=33.201), shrimp (6.25%, χ2=47.863) were all the highest in 1-<3 years group among the 4 groups (all P<0.001), and the positive rate of chicken was the highest in 3-<6 years group (7.88%, χ2=29.875; P<0.001). Conclusions:Children in Qingdao have a high level of food intolerance, and the highest positive rate is for eggs. Milk, crab and shrimp should be focused on for boys, while tomatoes, cod and beef shoud be paid more attention to for girls. Children of different ages have different kinds of food intolerance, and their diets should be adjusted reasonably according to the characteristics.