OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC method for determination of the related substances in papaverine hydrochloride. METHODS NanoChrom ChromCore 120 C8 column was used; the mobile phase A consisted of 3.4 g·L−1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution, adjust pH to 3.5 with phosphoric acid-acetonitrile(90∶10), the mobile phase B was methanol, with gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.8 mL·min−1; the detection wavelength was 238 nm; the column temperature was 50 ℃. RESULTS The minimum separation between the main component and each impurity was >1.5; Papaverine and its thirteen impurities showed a good linear relationship in the self-concentration range(r>0.999); and the average recoveries were 93.1%−101.2% with RSDs of 2.3%−8.1%. CONCLUSION The method is accurate, sensitive and reliable, which is suitable for the determination of related substances in papaverine hydrochloride.

Artificial intelligence technology encompasses a broad intersection of disciplines including informatics,biolo-gy,and logic,and its application in the healthcare field has garnered significant attention in recent years.Electronic medical re-cords(EMRs)contain vast amounts of medical data with potentially immeasurable medical value.Utilizing artificial intelligence technology to mine this potential value can assist clinicians in decision-making,improve diagnostic and treatment efficiency,and enhance service quality,which is of great significance for the development of the healthcare sector.This paper introduces the ap-plication of artificial intelligence technology in data mining of electronic medical records and quality control of medical record con-tent.It also discusses the existing limitations and challenges,while providing insights into future developments.

Objective:To study the impact of different scattering correction algorithms in the reconstruction of PET/CT images on image artifacts and the precision of quantitative parameters.Methods:The phantom as described in the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) NU2 standard was filled with 18F. The background activity was fixed, and the activity of the solution in the spheres was adjusted to obtain several configurations, including the normal ratio group (4.08∶1) and the extreme ratio group (200∶1). The surface contamination group with the same ratio as the extreme ratio group contained a small radioactive source with different doses of 18F (74, 37, 3.7 and 0.37 MBq) placed at the surface of the phantom. PET/CT images of 30 patients (21 males, 9 females, age: (44.5±10.2) years) from Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute between July 2012 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 10 with normal images ( 18F-FDG) and 20 with abnormal images (10 with dislocation during acquisition, 10 with surface contamination). The images were reconstructed with relative and absolute scattering correction. The phantom was evaluated using the target to background ratio (TBR) and the artifact classification. CV as well as the artifact classification were used to compare the clinical image quality. Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test were used to analyze data. Results:In the normal ratio group and the extreme ratio group, the TBRs of phantom images reconstructed with relative correction were significantly higher than those with absolute correction (normal ratio group: 3.30(1.94, 4.53) vs 2.72(1.56, 3.56); z=-2.20, P=0.028; extreme ratio group: 105.47(45.62, 162.82) vs 101.36(43.96, 155.57); z=-1.99, P=0.046). In the surface contamination group, with the increase of the activity of the small source, the artifact became more obvious, and the artifact classification score of absolute correction was significantly better than that of relative correction (1.5(1.0, 2.0) vs 2.5(2.0, 3.0); z=-2.00, P=0.046). In the 10 normal 18F-FDG PET/CT patients, the CVliver of the relative correction (9.67%(8.00%, 11.00%)) was significantly lower than that of absolute correction (11.00%(9.00%, 12.00%); z=-2.57, P=0.010), indicating the higher image quality of images with relative correction. In abnormal images, the image quality of absolute correction was significantly higher than that of relative correction with fewer and less severe artifacts (dislocation cases: 9/10 vs 4/10; χ2=5.50, P=0.019; surface contamination cases: 9/10 vs 4/10; χ2=5.50, P=0.019). Conclusions:The relative scattering correction is suitable for normal situations in clinical PET acquisition. However, with dislocation or surface contamination, the absolute scattering correction helps to reduce the artifacts and improve the image quality.

Objective The homological analysis of a foodborne disease outbreak event that occurred on July 15, 2022, in Sanya was carried out to provide scientific basis for clinical treatment, incident tracing and prevention and control, and to explore the feasibility of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in the homology analysis of Salmonella bacteria. Methods The traceability analysis of food poisoning incidents was accurately analyzed through the combination of traditional bacterial detection methods, PFGE, MALDI-TOF MS and the clinical symptom, epidemiological characteristics. Results In this outbreak, 14 cases of poisoning symptoms such as fever, nausea, and vomiting appeared, all of which had a history of dining in the same restaurant, with similar onset and clinical manifestations. Among them, one was the chef who made the fried rice in the restaurant. The pathogen culture and identification showed that it was caused by Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella choleraesuis. Among the 14 cases of patients, 5 cases of Salmonella choleraesuis, 3 cases of Salmonella typhimurium, with the positive rate of 57.14% (8/14). One case of environment and two cases of food were detected. The result of PFGE showed nine PFGE types, 95.00% homology for 7 strains, and 94.00% homology for 4 strains. Conclusions The food poisoning was caused by eating egg fried rice containing Salmonella choleraesuis and pork intestine containing Salmonella typhimurium. In the future, , it is necessary to strengthen the risk monitoring of food contamination and harmful factors, to ensure food safety from the source of food supply, and to prevent the occurrence of foodborne infection events. At the same time, it is also crucial to standardize the health check of related personnel, and to conduct multi-channel education on the harm and prevention of foodborne diseases.

Objective:To compare the value of 68Ga-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid- D-Phe1-Tyr3-Thr8-octreotide (DOTATATE) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging in the detection of bone metastasis in neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN). Methods:From January 2014 to July 2019, 29 NEN patients (19 males, 10 females, age: 35-76 years) with bone metastasis who underwent 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging within one month in Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute were retrospectively enrolled. Patients were divided into Ki-67≤20% and Ki-67>20% groups according to the tumor proliferation activity, and osteolysis, osteogenesis and no change groups according to the CT findings of bone metastases. The differences of the number and radioactive uptake (maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) ratio of bone lesion to normal bone (SUV T/B)) of detected bone metastases between 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were analyzed. χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to analyze the data. Results:The sensitivity of 68Ga-DOTATATE and 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were 75.9%(22/29) and 82.8% (24/29) respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two modalities ( χ2=0.42, P>0.05). The numbers of cases with bone lesions detected by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging in pelvis, spine, ribs, proximal limbs, sternoclavicular scapula and skull were all higher than those of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging (23, 22, 20, 14, 14, 10 vs 12, 19, 13, 11, 10, 6, respectively). The 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging was significantly superior to 18F-FDG imaging in detecting bone metastases (9(3, 36) and 3(0, 18)) and SUV T/B(11.10(3.35, 22.30) and 1.60(1.05, 2.70); U values: 281.000, 77.000, both P<0.001). 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging found more bone lesions in well differentiated NEN (Ki-67≤20%) group (11(2, 38) and 2(0, 13)) and osteogenic bone metastasis group (31(3, 100) and 3(0, 31); U values: 105.500, 69.500, both P<0.05). SUV T/B of 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging was significantly higher than 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in all subgroups ( U values: 3.000-22.000, all P<0.05). Conclusion:The 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging is superior to 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in the detection of bone metastasis in NEN.

Objective:To develop a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically detect gastric lesions in endoscopic images.Methods:A CNN-based diagnostic system was constructed based on ResNet-34 residual network structure and DeepLabv3 structure, and trained by using 17 217 routine gastroscopy images.These images were from 1 121 gastric lesions of five types acquired in Peking University People′s Hospital between 2012 and 2018, namely peptic ulcer (PU), early gastric cancer (EGC) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), advanced gastric cancer (AGC), gastric submucosal tumors (SMTs), and normal gastric mucosa without lesions. The trained CNN was evaluated through a test dataset that contained 1 091 routine gastroscopy images of 237 gastric lesions. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the CNN were calculated.Results:The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the CNN-assisted diagnosis of EGC and HGIN were 78.6% (33/42), 84.4% (27/32), 60.0% (6/10), 87.1% (27/31), and 54.5% (6/11), respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CNN-assisted diagnosis of PU were 90.4% (47/52), 92.7% (38/41), and 81.8% (9/11), respectively, the outcomes of AGC were 88.1% (52/59), 91.8% (45/49), and 70.0% (7/10), respectively, and those of gastric SMTs were 86.0% (43/50), 89.7% (35/39), and 72.7% (8/11), respectively. The CNN′s recognition time for all images of the test set was 42 seconds.Conclusion:The constructed CNN system, as a rapid and accurate auxiliary diagnostic instrument, can detect not only EGC and HGIN but also other gastric lesions.

Chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity is common and has become one of the factors that affect the prognosis of patients. Early identification and intervention of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity is very important. Currently, the commonly used clinical, imaging and laboratory examination methods have their own shortcomings, while PET/CT imaging has not been widely used for chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity. This article reviews the current application and deficiencies of PET/CT imaging in animal experiments and human trials of chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity.

A series of 2-(((5-akly/aryl-1-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-alkyl-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4(3)-ones were synthesized and their anti-HIV-1 activities were evaluated. Most of these compounds were highly active against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 strain (IIIB) with EC values in the range of 0.0038-0.4759 μmol/L. Among those compounds, had an EC value of 3.8 nmol/L and SI (selectivity index) of up to 25,468 indicating excellent activity against WT HIV-1. anti-HIV-1 activity and resistance profile studies suggested that compounds and displayed potential anti-HIV-1 activity against laboratory adapted strains and primary isolated strains including different subtypes and tropism strains (ECs range from 4.3 to 63.6 nmol/L and 18.9-219.3 nmol/L, respectively). On the other hand, it was observed that those two compounds were less effective with EC values of 2.77 and 4.87 μmol/L for HIV-1A (K103N + Y181C). The activity against reverse transcriptase (RT) was also evaluated for those compounds. Both and obtained sub-micromolar IC values showing their potential in RT inhibition. The pharmacokinetics examination in rats indicated that compound has acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability. Preliminary structure-activity relationships and molecular modeling studies were also discussed.

Santalene and santalol are the main components of valuable perfume sandalwood essential oil, and have good antibacterial, anti-oxidation and anti-tumor activities. Commercial sandalwood essential oil is mainly extracted from sandalwood tree that grows slowly and is difficult to cultivate. In addition, the extraction recovery of sandalwood essential oil from sandalwood tree is too low to meet the market demand. These factors make sandalwood essential oil expensive. An option is to use genetic engineering and molecular biological methods to heterologously express related synthase of santalene and santalol in microbial host. In this paper, the biosynthesis progress of santalene and santalol synthase, as well as the optimization of mevalonate metabolic pathways in the hosts are summarized. Furthermore, the strategies of applying protein engineering technology to carry out orthomutation of santalene synthase were also discussed, to provide reference for the optimal biosynthesis of santalene and santalol.

Objective To summarize the current status and trend of hypoglycemic agents of diabetic inpatients in different departments of Chinese PLA General Hospital.Methods The clinical data of diabetic patients admitted to Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2000 to May 2014 were collected(those hospitalized in the department of endocrinology were excluded).A total of 10 041 patients were selected by stratified random sampling.The type of hypoglycemic agents in different departments and the variation on anti-hyperglycemic drugs with time were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of all the patients in non-endocrinological wards, 50.2% were treated with insulin, 36.9% with metformin, 21.3% with α-glycosidase inhibitor, and 18.9% with sulfonylureas.Metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, pre-mixed 30R, and insulin glargine were more commonly used than other anti-hyperglycemic agents, accounting for 36.9%, 21.0%, 14.0%, 8.7%, respectively.Metformin, sulfonylureas, α-glucosidase inhibitor, and different types of insulin were more widely applied in internal medicine while insulin therapy was more frequently used in surgical department.During the past 15 years, the proportions of insulin, glinides, α-glucosidase inhibitor, and thiazolidinediones application were gradually increased, while the proportions of sulfonylureas and metformin treatment were on the decline trend.Conclusion Most of the inpatients were treated with oral antidiabetic drugs.Metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitor, pre-mixed 30R, and insulin glargine were the most frequently prescribed agents for the inpatients.