【Objective】 To explore the surgical treatments and therapeutic outcomes for benign testicular tumor. 【Methods】 Clinical data of 53 patients with benign testicular tumor treated with surgery during May 2004 and Jul.2021 were retrospectively analyzed. 【Results】 The postoperative pathological diagnosis of 53 patients included 33 patients with epidermal cysts, 12 with mature teratomas, 2 with bilateral testicular tumors (one of them was epidermal cysts in the left and mature teratoma in the right, and the other was bilateral leiomyomas), and 6 benign cases. Testis sparing surgery (TSS) group had 23 patients and radical orchiectomy (RO) group had 30 patients. There were no significant differences in patients’ age, tumor location, disease course, and ultrasound examination results between the two groups (P>0.05). The tumor size of the RO group was (2.60±0.94) cm, which was larger than that of the TSS group (1.55±0.52) cm (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in surgical time and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups (P>0.05). A total of 15 patients (13 with TSS and 2 with RO) underwent intraoperative frozen rapid pathological examination (FSA), which was consistent with post-operative paraffin pathological results. Durign the follow up of 2-219 months,median 38 months, there was no recurrence in either groups. 【Conclusion】 Testis sparing surgery is a reliable treatment modality for benign testicular tumor, which may also decrease the level of androgen and incidence of asthenozoospermia. It can be considered for tumors less than 2 cm with benign tendency or uncertain nature.

Ultrasound is the best way to diagnose thyroid nodules. To discriminate benign and malignant nodules, calcification is an important characteristic. However, calcification in ultrasonic images cannot be extracted accurately because of capsule wall and other internal tissue. In this paper, deep learning was first proposed to extract calcification, and two improved methods were proposed on the basis of Alexnet convolutional neural network. First, adding the corresponding anti-pooling (unpooling) and deconvolution layers (deconv2D) made the network to be trained for the required features and finally extract the calcification feature. Second, modifying the number of convolution templates and full connection layer nodes made feature extraction more refined. The final network was the combination of two improved methods above. To verify the method presented in this article, we got 8 416 images with calcification, and 10 844 without calcification. The result showed that the accuracy of the calcification extraction was 86% by using the improved Alexnet convolutional neural network. Compared with traditional methods, it has been improved greatly, which provides effective means for the identification of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Objective:To analyze the accuracy of the digital imaging fiber optic transillumination (DIFOTI) on diagnosis of caries lesions depth using DIAGNOcam system.Methods:This experiment adopted self-matching design.Seventy-four extracted teeth (molar:sixty-six,premolar:eight) with one caries lesions in proximity which were not damaged in surface marginal ridge were selected.Dental calculus and dental stains were removed from the extracted teeth for standby application.A sign was marked in the middle of the occlusal surface edge at the side of decay.Then the teeth were fixed in the standard model of dentition and cavities were adjacent with the sound tooth surface.Sticky wax was applied to seal the level of 2 mm beyond cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) in the direction of occlusion and interproximal space to imitate gingival margin and gingival papilla.The standard models of dentition was seated in imitation head mold.The lesions depth degree was looked into and checked with DIAGNOcam system.Besides,the pictures on the occlusal surfaces were recorded and saved.The sign above could be seen on the picture.The measuring tool in DIAGNOcam system was used to measure the depth of the caries from the sign (as starting point) to the deepest point of caries in the pictures and its length was recorded for a.The line a was lengthened to the contralateral edge of occlusal surface in the photo and the length was recorded for b.A line from the marked point on the occlusal surface edge of the extracted teeth was draw parallel to the line b on the corresponding photo and its length was recorded for c.The depth of the cavities on the projected images was recorded for d,and calculated d/a =c/b (digital optical fiber measured decay depth/caries damage depth of the image =actual tooth width/tooth width of the image),and d =c/b × a inferred.At last,the teeth were taken out from the standard model dentition.The decay of the tooth was removed completely.The actual depth of the cavity was recorded for D.The difference between d and D was recorded for Δd.The software of SPSS 20.0 was used to test the consistency of the results,and the MedCalc 14.8.1.0 software was used for Bland-Altman analysis.Results:The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between d and D was 0.951 (ICC ＞ 75 ％),P =0.263.There was a function relationship y =0.23 ± 0.9 1x between d (x) and D (y).Bland-Altman analysis method showed that the mean of Δd (Δd) was 0.05 mm,the standard deviation of Δd (ΔdsD) =0.308,and the 95％ confidence interval was (-0.55 to 0.65).The amplitude of difference was clinically acceptable.So the consistency of the two measurement modes was high.Conclusion:There was no significant difference between the depth of caries lesions checked with DIAGNOcam system and the depth of the actual cavity,and the consistency was very good.The vitro study suggests that the DIAGNOcam system may be used to assess the depth of caries cavity as a useful tool in diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To compare the kinematics of the knee joint of normal Chinese people and people after fixed-bearing posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty while doing weight-bearing deep knee-bending using fluoroscopy analysis.Methods From June to December 2010,ten volunteers and ten patients with fixed-bearing posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were required to perform weight-bearing deep knee-bending activity under surveillance of roentgenization,motion between femur and tibia was analyzed with interval of 15° according to two-to three-dimensional (2D-3D) registration technique.Results During weight-bearing deep knee-bending,the average weight-bearing maximal flexion was 136° in the normal group,which was significantly higher than the 125° in the TKA group.All 10 normal knees present posterior translation of femoral condyle during deep knee-bending,posterior translation of the lateral condyle was greater than medial condyle,thereby creating a medial pivot type of axial rotational pattern in which the tibia internally rotates relative to the femur as flexion increased.The average amount of posterior femoral translation of the medial condyle was 7.3±1.2 mm,whereas the lateral condyle translated posteriorly 19.3±3.1 mm.All knees experienced tibia rotated internally during progressive flexion,and the average amount of axial rotation for the ten subjects from 0° to 135° was 23.8±3.4°.From extension to maximal flexion,the average amount of posterior translation of medial condyle was 1.4±0.6 rmm,whereas the lateral condyle translated 6.4±1.7 mm in the posterior direction in the fixed-bearing posterior-stabilized TKA.The average amount of tibial internal rotation was 8.5°±3.4°.Conclusion In normal Chinese people,during knee flexion activities the lateral condyle experiences significantly more amount of posterior translation than the medial condyle,leading to the tibia present medial pivot internal rotation relative to the femur,and the PFC-Sigrna fixed-bearing posterior stabilized designs has the similar kinematics with normal knee,but the posterior condylar translation and tibial axial rotation are much less than the normal.

To solve the problem of imprecise positioning of feature point and of the feature data redundancy in facial expression recognition by active appearance models (AAM), the automatic adjustment of initial model for AAM fitting is proposed in this paper. The specific aims are to improve the precision of positioning and to more effectively reflect the variation of expressions by acquired features. The problem of feature selection is resolved by adopting quadratic mutual information and reducing the feature dimension. The support vector machine (SVM) classifier is used for expression recognition. The experimental results on CAS-PEAL facial expression database show that the proposed method effectively improves the performance of facial expression recognition, the maximum recognition rate being 83.33%.
Algorithms ; Computer Simulation ; Facial Expression ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Models, Biological ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

A method based on a symmetric region growing algorithm is presented for the segmentation of ultrasonic medical image. The method divides into three steps. First, according to the characteristic of the ultrasonic medical images, an adaptive weighted median filter is used to suppress speckle noise. Then, scan the digital image from the first row and grow regions from each scanned point by applying the growth criteria and combination criteria until all image pixels have been scanned. Examine the resulting regions using the seed criteria. If any point of a region satisfies the criteria for the region of interest region, assign the region to the resulting segmented image. The effectiveness of this method and a group of growth criteria as well as combination criteria applicable to ultrasonic medical image have been obtained by cardiac ultrasound image segmentation experiments. The experiment result shows that this method is good in the performance of the segmention of cardiac ultrasonic medical image.
Algorithms ; Echocardiography ; methods ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Speckle is the main reason which declines the quality of medical ultrasonic images. In this paper, the initial condition for the Downhill filter, a morphological reconstruction algorithm, is modified and applied in the speckle reduction. Firstly, the initial area and start position as the mark image was determined in the marker image. Then the modified Downhill filter was used in the ultrasonic marker image. The results showed that, in comparison with the other three filters, this modified Downhill filter, while maintaining the integrity of the contour,could reduce the speckle in the regions of cavity efficiently and rapidly.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Ultrasonography ; methods

Lower contrast and speckle noise are the main reasons which decline the quality of medical ultrasonic images. In this paper, a new method is proposed to filter the speckle noises and enhance the contrast simultaneously. Anisotropic diffusion filtering method was firstly applied to filter images. Then the loss of information, which the contrast function of contrast enhancement model lies on, was obtained. Finally, the contrast can be enhanced by using enhancement model. Experimental results show that the proposed method not only removes the speckle noises effectively, but also enhances the contrast obviously. This method supplies an effective approach for improving the quality of medical ultrasonic images.
Algorithms ; Anisotropy ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Ultrasonography ; methods

Cell culture is one of the usual methods for studying living cell and tissue, the method presented in this paper is based on image processing and analyzing technology for activity estimation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The existing activity estimation methods are costly, complex and invasive. In this method, thresholding is used to preprocess image and to separate out the growth hallow. Then the area is calculated by counting the pixels of the growth hallow. The changes of the activity estimated by this method are similar to those by corresponding cellular experiments. Compared with the existing methods in biology, medicine or medical cellular science, this method is easier, faster, cost-effective and non-invasive. The proposed method has been proved to be efficient by primary experiments of MSCs.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Femur ; cytology ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the role of quantitative margin features in the computer-aided diagnosis of malignant and benign solid breast masses using sonographic imaging. The tumour was seperated by the expert. Three contour features circurity (C), area ratio (A) and length width ratio (LWR) was caculated from the tumour contour. Then back-propagation (BP) neural network with contour features was used to classify tumors into benign and malignant. Results from 119 ultrasonic images have been applied in this experiment. BP neural network yielded the following results: 89.7% and 73.5% respectively. The methods applied in this paper are helpful to raise the correctance of breast cancer diagnosis.
Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Neural Networks (Computer) ; Ultrasonography