BACKGROUND:During tissue repair and regeneration,macrophages exhibit multiple activities such as promoting inflammation,anti-inflammation,fibrosis,and wound healing at various stages of tissue damage.The heterogeneity and balanced polarization of macrophages are decisive in organ repair. OBJECTIVE:To explore the research hotspots and development trends in the field of macrophage polarization in tissue repair through visualization analysis methods,as well as the research level of global scientific and clinical workers in this field. METHODS:Using bibliometric analysis methods,this study employed Citespace literature visualization analysis software and VOSviewer tools,retrieving related literature from 2013 to 2023 in the Web of Science Core Collection's Science Citation Index Expanded(SCI-Expanded)and Social Sciences Citation Index Expanded(SSCI-Expanded)databases.The analysis results were presented in a dynamic map format,revealing the main trends and focuses of the research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The number of publications in this field had dramatically increased from 2013 to 2023,with a significant rise starting in 2017.Chinese researchers had the highest number of publications,with 642 papers,while American researchers began focusing on this field early on.Professor Elisseeff Hennifer H had made a substantial contribution to the research in this area.Shanghai Jiao Tong University had produced the most publications.In recent years,keywords such as"hyaluronic acid"and"regulation"had been prevalent.Macrophage polarization research in tissue repair primarily concentrates on its multifunctional regulatory mechanisms,interactions with other cell types,and its behavior under specific pathological conditions.The main research areas include the role of macrophages in wound healing,cardiovascular diseases,chronic inflammation,tumor microenvironments,and regenerative medicine.A deeper understanding of the multifunctionality and polarization mechanisms of macrophages can lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to enhance tissue repair and regeneration,thereby improving patient treatment outcomes.

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

OBJECTIVE To screen the potential active components of Polygonum orientale flower against myocardial ischemia- reperfusion injury （MIRI） in rats based on physiological and pathological states. METHODS SD rats were divided into normal control group， normal administration group， MIRI control group and MIRI administration group， with 5 rats in each group. After drug intervention or modeling and drug intervention， chromatographic separation plasma samples were collected， and chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry data collection were performed by using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The prototype components and metabolites were analyzed by comparing the reference substance maps， the maps of each plasma sample， and the relevant literature. At the same time， the common peaks in plasma samples of rats in normal administration group and MIRI administration group were identified. Combined with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis， the differential transitional components were screened out according to the value of variable importance in the projection （VIP）＞1， to speculate the potential active components of P. orientale flower in rats under physiological and pathological states. The SD rats were divided into control group， MIRI group， positive control group （Compound danshen tablets 0.2 g/kg， 3 times a day）， and potentially active compound groups （10 mg/kg， twice a day）， with 5 rats in each group. The rats in administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， for 3 consecutive days. The activity of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， the leakages of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB （CK-MB） and cardiac troponin Ⅰ （cTnⅠ） in plasma were detected after the last administration. RESULTS Twenty-six main chromatographic peaks were obtained from the total ion chromatogram of the extract of P. orientale flower， and 14 of them were determined， including gallic acid， catechin， protocatechuic acid and so on. There were fifteen （including 6 absorbed prototype components and 9 metabolites） and nineteen transitional components （including 6 absorbed prototype components and 13 metabolites） in the plasma sample of normal rats and MIRI rats. Eight transitional components were detected in both normal rats and MIRI rats， and the VIP values of kaempferol glucuronidation metabolites， quercetin carbonylation metabolites and N-p-paprazine to the corresponding peak were higher than 1. Compared with MIRI group， the activities of SOD were increased significantly in the plasma of MIRI rats in each potential active compound group （P＜0.01）， and the leakages of LDH， CK-MB， and cTnⅠ in the plasma of MIRI rats were reduced significantly （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The potential anti-MIRI active components in extract of P. orientale flower are N-p-paprazine， quercetin， kaempferol and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside.

BACKGROUND:Nowadays,posterior cruciate ligament injury caused by a sports injury or vehicle injury is more common than people think.Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is one of the main treatment methods,but there are still a lot of controversies about the surgical method and ligament selection of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively analyze the global application trend of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and identify promising research hotspots of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction based on bibliometrics and visual analysis. METHODS:Publications(articles and reviews)related to posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction from 2000 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science(WOS).The country,institution,publication year,author,journal,average citations per item,H index,title,keywords of publication,and the top 25 cited articles were extracted and analyzed in detail.The VOSviewer/citespace/Pajek software was used to analyze the co-occurrence result of keywords to predict the hotspots of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 664 articles were included.(1)In the past 22 years,the number of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction articles has shown an increasing trend in general.The top 3 countries(the USA,China,and South Korea)accounted for 65.51%of all articles published.The USA has the largest number of publications.The University of Pittsburgh is the largest contributor.Knee Surgery Sports Traumatol Arthrosc and American Journal of Sports Medicine are the most influential journals.Laprade,Robert F.is the professor who has published the most articles in the field of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,and Fanelli,GC is the professor who has the highest total chain strength in the field of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.(2)The research direction can be divided into the following five clusters:"posterior cruciate ligament anatomical and biomechanical studies","posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction prognosis,outcome,and complications","posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgical method and tendon selection","surgical technique",and"posterior cruciate ligament tear combined with multiple ligament injury".(3)It is concluded that in terms of the trend of previous years,an increasing number of articles related to posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction will be published in the future.The USA is a world leader in the field of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.China and South Korea presented great potential in this area.Anatomical and biomechanical research of posterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction methods and the selection of tendons may be the future hotspots in the field of posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are the predominant cell group in the tumor microenvironment(TME)and are the most important regulatory cells of immune system suppression and tumor cell proliferation in TIME.Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP-2)is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that plays an important role in the transmission of signals from the cell surface to the nucleus.SHP-2 is a key intracellular regulatory factor mediating cell proliferation and differentiation and is involved in a variety of growth factor and cytokine signaling pathways linking the cell surface to the nucleus.Recent studies have shown that SHP-2 is a key enzyme in determining the function of TAMs,but because of its variable function,it plays different or even opposite roles in different solid TMEs.This paper reviews the function of SHP-2 in TAMs and related solid tumors to provide a comprehensive reference for tumor immunity and targeted therapy research.

Artificial intelligence has gradually become an important tool in the field of clinical nutrition. Artificial intelligence can not only simplify the current dietary assessment methods, but also develop nutritional assessment models with favorable accuracy through machine learning. Digital technologies and devices such as mobile applications and wearable devices have expanded the accessibility of dietary nutritional assessment. Mobile applications can be used for convenient and quick dietary nutritional assessment based on food images and videos, with real-time output of the types and amount of nutrients. Wearable devices can provide real-time feedback of individual dynamic nutrient intake and absorption by monitoring the fluctuation of the levels of biomarkers in body fluids. Nutritional assessment based on machine learning can improve the accuracy of malnutrition diagnosis, predict adverse events such as enteral nutrition intolerance, and guide nutritional intervention and prognosis prediction.

Objective:To study the minimally invasive fixation with virtual self-designed screws between the iliac plates for acetabular posterior column fractures and compare the differences between genders.Methods:The CT data were collected from the 80 patients with normal pelvis who had undergone pelvic CT scan due to physical examination or trauma at Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Xiamen from June 2021 to June 2022. There were 40 males and 40 females with an age of (45.0±12.4) years. The virtual screws between the minimally invasive iliac plates were designed with design software after 3D modeling. The insertion point, screw length, screw diameter, angle between the screw and the coronal plane of the pelvis, angle between the screw and the sagittal plane of the pelvis, angle ε between the screw and the anterior edge bone crest line of the greater sciatic notch, and bone channel volume were measured. Comparisons of the above data were made between genders. Results:The insertion point of the screw between the minimally invasive iliac plates was located between the anterior superior iliac spine and the iliac tubercle nodule, going toward the area between the ischial spine and the small ischial notch. The screw length was (139.64±8.46) mm, the screw diameter (8.95±1.16) mm, and the bone channel volume (51.91±10.77) cm 3. The screw length [144.34±7.58) mm], screw diameter [9.50±0.98) mm], angle between the screw and the sagittal plane of the pelvis (31.14°±2.74°), and bone channel volume [(57.82±8.82) cm 3] for males were significantly larger than those for females [(134.95±6.48) mm, (8.40±1.07) mm, 26.72°±2.74°, and (46.01±9.22) cm 3], while the angle between the screw and the sagittal plane of the pelvis [(35.74°±3.85°) mm] and angle ε between the screw and the anterior edge bone crest line of the greater sciatic notch (11.96°±4.57°) for males were significantly smaller than those for females (36.89°±2.96° and 14.17°±5.15°) (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Fixation with screws between the iliac plates provides a new treatment for acetabular posterior column fractures, because the screws can be placed percutaneously in a minimally invasive manner or antegradely. The screw length, screw diameter, angle between the screw and the sagittal plane of the pelvis, and bone channel volume for males are significantly larger than those for females, while the angle between the screw and the sagittal plane of the pelvis and the angle between the screw and the anterior edge bone crest line of the greater sciatic notch for males are significantly smaller than those for females. Therefore, the angles between the iliac plate screw and the sagittal and coronal planes of the pelvis should be adjusted according to gender in screw placement.

In this article, methods of measuring and evaluating treatment adherence, based on whether they are objective and subjective, are reviewed upon literature examination, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method for different population segments are also discussed.It is intended to provide medical professionals and researchers with a general framework about adherence assessment methods.During treatment and research, medical professionals and researchers should select the most appropriate methods for their purposes and provide effective and personalized evaluation methods to ultimately evaluate and improve patients' medication adherence.

The presence of replication-competent HBV DNA in the liver and/or serum of HBsAg-negative individuals is a sufficient and necessary condition for the diagnosis of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI). In recent years, Chinese scholars have proposed what is considered a more "rigorous" definition, i.e., on this basis, HBV window period (WP) infection is excluded, which corresponds to a serum HBV DNA level of below the lower limit of detection or a low positive value (< 200 IU/mL). As the definition of WP for HBV infection remains unclear and its duration is highly variable, "HBV DNA < 200 IU/mL" is not the only criterion in OBI patients. Therefore, it is believed that there is still a lack of sufficient basis and operability for the definition of OBI based on "the exclusion of HBV WP infection" and "HBV DNA < 200 IU/mL" as "rigorous" conditions for the diagnosis of OBI.