To adapt to the general educational requirements for military academies to prepare for victory under the new situation, the present paper proposed the overall thought of strengthening the post education for military hygiene through analyzing the main problems and causes existing in the current education, combined with the experience and practice of foreign military post education. Moreover, we combined the current situation and reality of post education in military medical universities, and analyzed the corresponding countermeasures from the aspects of teaching staff, course construction, information construction, teaching method and assessment model, expecting to provide guidance and help for better carrying out the post education of military hygiene in the future.

ACC oxidase (ACO) is one of the key enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of ethylene. Ethylene is involved in salt stress response in plants, and salt stress seriously affects the yield of peanut. In this study, AhACO genes were cloned and their functions were investigated with the aim to explore the biological function of AhACOs in salt stress response, and to provide genetic resources for the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties of peanut. AhACO1 and AhACO2 were amplified from the cDNA of salt-tolerant peanut mutant M29, respectively, and cloned into the plant expression vector pCAMBIA super1300. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into Huayu22 by pollen tube injection mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. After harvest, the small slice cotyledon was separated from the kernel, and the positive seeds were screened by PCR. The expression of AhACO genes was analyzed by qRT-PCR, and the ethylene release was detected by capillary column gas chromatography. Transgenic seeds were sowed and then irrigated with NaCl solution, and the phenotypic changes of 21-day-seedings were recorded. The results showed that the growth of transgenic plants were better than that of the control group Huayu 22 upon salt stress, and the relative content of chlorophyll SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of transgenic peanuts were higher than those of the control group. In addition, the ethylene production of AhACO1 and AhACO2 transgenic plants were 2.79 and 1.87 times higher than that of control peanut, respectively. These results showed that AhACO1 and AhACO2 could significantly improve the salt stress tolerance of transgenic peanut.
Salt Tolerance/genetics* ; Arachis/genetics* ; Plant Breeding ; Ethylenes/metabolism* ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Plant Proteins/genetics*

Objective:To analyze the correlation between simple thyroid nodule and blood lipid and glucose metabolism and iodine nutrition level.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting data of the population undergoing epidemiological investigation in Jinshan District, Shanghai from July to December 2015, to calculate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and analyze relevant functional indicators.Results:Simple thyroid nodules were detected in 603 subjects, with a prevalence of 22.6% (603/2 669). There were 358 female patients with simple thyroid nodules, with a prevalence rate of 26.9%, and 245 male patients with simple thyroid nodules, with a prevalence rate of 18.3%. The prevalence of simple thyroid nodule in female was higher than that in male, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=27.686, P<0.001). In addition, the prevalence of simple thyroid nodules increased with age (13.1% (92/704) and 20.2% (104/514) and 25.1% (145/578) and 24.4% (107/439) and 36.3% (98/270) and 34.8% (57/164), χ 2=83.872,P<0.001). In the ≤30 years group (8.0% (30/704) vs. 18.8% (62/331), χ 2=35.716, P<0.001), >30 to ≤40 years old group (14.1% (37/263) vs. 26.7% (67/251), χ 2=12.683, P<0.001), >60 to ≤70 years old group (26.2% (33/126) vs. 45.1% (65/144), χ 2=10.435, P<0.001), and the 70-year-old group (24.4% (21/86) vs. 46.2% (36/78), χ 2=8.521, P<0.001). The prevalence of simple thyroid nodules in males was lower than that in females. In the simple positive thyroid nodule group, Fasting blood glucose (5.12 (4.80, 5.69) and 5.02 (4.72, 5.48)), total cholesterol (1.24 (0.85, 1.86) and 1.13 (0.77, 1.76)), triglyceride (4.77 (4.09, 5.48) and 4.49 (3.92, 5.16)), low density lipoprotein((2.79 (2.26, 3.36) and 2.63 (2.19, 3.16)), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.41 (1.18, 1.66) and 1.35 (1.13, 1.61)) were higher than those in the negative group ( U values were 554 818, 578 468, 535 622, 556 067 and 567 960, respectively, all P<0.01). The BMI index grade distribution of thyroid nodule positive group was higher than that of negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (3.7% (77/2 066), 50.1% (1 034/2 066), 32.4% (669/2 066), 13.8% (286/2 066), 3.2% (19/603), 43.6% (263/603), 38.1% (230/603), 15.1% (91/603), χ2=9.5201, P=0.023). The prevalence of simple thyroid nodules was significantly lower in the iodized salt group than in the non-iodized salt group (20.7% (436/2 102) vs. 29.5% (167/567), χ 2=19.376, P<0.001). The urinary iodine level in the positive thyroid nodule group was significantly lower than that in the negative group (148.4(100.2, 213.7) vs. 169.5(115.4, 241.75), U=545 129.5, P<0.001). After Logistic regression screening, age ( OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.292-1.908, P<0.001), gender ( OR=1.278, 95% CI: 1.193-1.368, P<0.001), BMI grade ( OR=1.166, 95% CI: 1.022-1.330, P=0.022), total cholesterol ( OR=1.105, 95% CI: 1.005-1.214, P=0.040), iodized salt ( OR=0.689, 95% CI: 0.556-0.854, P=0.001) were independent influencing factors of thyroid nodule. Conclusion:The prevalence of simple thyroid nodules in Shanghai is relatively low. Age, sex, BMI level, total cholesterol and iodized salt are independent factors causing thyroid nodules. In addition, blood glucose level may also be related to the prevalence of thyroid nodules.

Cancer is one of the malignant diseases threatening human. In recent years, nanotechnology is becoming the hope the cancer treatment, as it can take the drugs targeting to tumor sites, with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity. Chitosan is the only alkaline polysaccharide in nature with good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Moreover, chitosan has many reaction sites to make derivatives with different properties. Chitosan and its derivatives are widely used for drug delivery systems and tissue engineering scaffolds. Hence, they are valuable in the field of biomedicine. In this paper, the recent advances chitosan nanoparticles as drug delivery system for delivering anticancer drugs are reviewed, especially the advances of the preparation, passive targeting, active targeting, and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems of chitosan nanoparticles.

OBJECTIVETo screen fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAOD) in newborns in Zhejiang province.

METHODSA total of 1 861 262 newborns were screened for FAOD in Neonatal Screening Center of Zhejiang Province during January 2009 and December 2016. The blood samples from newborns were screened by tandem mass spectrometry, and diagnosis of FAOD was confirmed by urine organic acid measurement combined with genetic analysis. The prognosis and follow-up of patients with FAOD were also evaluated.

RESULTSOf 1 861 262 newborns screened, 121 cases of FAOD were diagnosed. Among 121 cases of FAOD, primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) was the most common type (=78, 64.5%), which was followed by short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCADD,=27, 22.3%), medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (=5, 4.1%), multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD,=4, 3.3%), very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (=3, 2.5%), carnitine palmitoyltransferase Ⅰ deficiency(=2, 1.7%)and carnitine palmitoyltransferase Ⅱ deficiency (CPTⅡD,=2, 1.7%). During 2-82 month follow-up, 15 patients were lost, 4 were dead (1 PCD, 1 MADD, and 2 CPTⅡD), and the remaining 102 subjects had normal intelligence and physical development without any clinical symptoms.

CONCLUSIONSPCD and SCADD are the most common FAODs in newborns in Zhejiang province. Most of FAOD patients are asymptomatic, and have normal growth and development after early intervention and management.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the results and follow up data of screening for newborn organic aciduria in Zhejiang province.

METHODSThe results and follow-up data of 1 861 262 newborns from Zhejiang province undergoing screening for organic aciduria during January 2009 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The acylcarnitine spectrum in urine samples was detected by tandem mass spectrum (MS/MS) and the positive patients were confirmed by urine gas chromatography mass spectrometry and/or gene analysis.

RESULTSNinety two cases of organic aciduria were confirmed with a prevalence of 1:20 200. Among 40 cases of methylmalonic academia (MMA), 13 (32.5%) were of MMA simple type and 27 (67.5%) were combined type. Genetic analysis showed 6 cases of MUT type and 1 case of CblB type out of 7 patients with MMA simple type, 10 cases of CblC and 1 case of CblF out of 11 patients with combined type, respectively. Six patients had propionic academia with a prevalence of 1:310 200, 7 had isovaleric academia (1:265 900), 6 had glutaric academia type 1 (1:310 200), 27 had 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (MCC, 1:68 900), 1 had 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria (1:1 861 300), 2 had β-ketothiolase deficiency (1:960 600), and 3 had biotinidase deficiency/holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency (1:620 400). Thirty-one patients had a disease onset at neonatal period, and 15 at post-neonatal period. Thirty-three patients had brain involvements or cranial imaging disorders. Three patients with MMA had kidney diseases or heomlytic uremic syndrome, and 3 had myocardial impairments. Twenty patients died during the follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSMMA is the most common newborn organic aciduria in Zhejiang province. Except MCC, most organic aciduria may lead to metabolism decompensation, complications or even death.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the result and follow-up data of screening for newborn amino acid metabolic disorders in Zhejiang province.

METHODSA total of 1 861 262 newborns were screened for amino acid metabolic disorders during January 2009 and December 2016 in Zhejiang province. The screening results and the follow-up data were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSOne hundred and sixty four cases were diagnosed as amino acid metabolic disorders with a prevalence of 1:11 349, including 83 with hyperphenylalaninaemia (1:22 400), 29 with neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (1:64 138), 16 with methionine S-adenosyltransferase deficiency (1:116 250), 9 with maple syrup urine disease (1:206 667), 8 with argininemia (1:232 500), 7 with citrullinemia type Ⅰ (1:265 700), 6 with hyperprolinemia type Ⅰ (1:310 000), and 2 with carbamylphosphate synthetase Ⅰ deficiency(1:930 000). In addition, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, cystathionine β-synthase deficiency, argininosucoinate aciduria and tyrosinemia type Ⅰ were detected in one patient for each, respectively. Two patients had developmental delay, 7 patients were dead, and 2 cases of maple syrup urine disease were lost to follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSHyperphenylalaninaemia is the most common amino acid metabolic disease in newborns in Zhejiang province. Patients with amino acid metabolic disorders identified in newborn screening program can have chance for normal growth development by intervention.

Objective To report the clinical outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation for capitellum fractures in adolescents.Methods From January 2010 to January 2015,14 adolescents with capitellum fracture were admitted to our department.They were 12 males and 2 females,aged from 12 to 16 years (13.7 years).By the Dubberley classification,we had 2 cases of type ⅠA,8 cases of type ⅡA,3 cases of type Ⅲ A and one of type Ⅲ B.We summarized their clinical characteristics and injury mechanisms.At the last follow-up,the therapeutic efficacy was assessed by the Mayo elbow function scores,and the ranges of motion of the elbow and forearm on the affected side were recorded.Results The 14 patients obtained an average follow-up of 12 months (from 6 to 18 months).All the cases achieved fracture union within 3 months,but malunion appeared in one.At the last follow-up,the ranges of flexion and extension of the affected elbow averaged 120.6° (from 110° to 135°),and the ranges of lateral rotation of the affected forearm averaged 160.3° (from 150° to 175°).According to the Mayo scores at the last follow-up,the elbow function was rated as excellent in 12 and as good in one.Mild traumatic arthritis occurred in 3 cases.Conclusions Capitellum fractures in adolescents are often Dubberley type A ones without a complicated fracture of the posterior condyle.Usually,the capitellum is impacted by the radial head in the process of elbow extension with valgus stress.After definite diagnosis,open anatomical reduction and reasonable and reliable internal fixation can result in good clinical results.

Objective Objective TO investigate the potential association between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene polymorphisms and risk of ischemic stroke in Western Guangdong population.Methods This hospitalbased case-control study recruited 251 patients with ischemic stroke and 96 controls.Using Multiplex SNaPshot method was used to detect the genotype of MMP-9 gene rs3787268、rs3918241 and rs3918242 polymorphisms.The association between MMP-9 gene polymorphisms and risk of ischemic stroke was analyzed.Results ① There were significant differences in the genotype distribution of rs3787268 between ischemic stroke group and the controls (P=0.042).In the recessive model,the individual risk of A/A genotype was higher (OR=2.21,P=0.046) than that of the G/G+G/A genotype.② Compared with the controls,the genotype and allele distribution of rs3918242 in the ischemic stroke group were significantly different (P=0.007,P=0.038).In the dominant model,the risk of individuals carrying the T genotype was significantly elevated (OR=2.14,P=0.009) compared with individuals with the C/C genotype.③ The genotype distribution of rs3787268 polymorphisms in the LAA but not in no-LAA subgroup was significantly different from that in the controls (P =0.039).The genotype distribution and allele frequency of rs3918242 polymorphisms in the LAA subgroup were significantly different from that of the control group (P=0.009,P=0.047).There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution and allele frequency between no-LAA subtype and the control group.Conclusions The MMP-9 gene rs3918242 and rs3787268 polymorphisms may be the risk factors of ischemic stroke in Han population in the western part of Guangdong province,China.The MMP-9 gene rs3918242 and rs3787268 polymorphisms may be the risk factors of large-artery atherosclerotic stroke.

Objective To investigate the effects of physical and chemical factors in the environment for dried blood sample (DBS) preparation of neonatal screening assay.Methods A total of 60 normal and 120 positive DBS were prepared under control and 10 different conditions.Another 30 normal and 80 positive DBS were prepared under control and 7 different concentration gradients of formaldehyde.The levels of phenylalanine (Phe),glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenease (G6PD),thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and 17α-hydoxyprogesterone (17α-OHP) were tested by time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay or fluorescence assay.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software.Results Compared with the control group,the results of Phe were not significantly different (P ＞ 0.05) when the samples were dried under the formaldehyde sensitive threshold (4.62 to 6.95 ppm for 18 hours).G6PD levels were significantly lowered when the samples were dried under all the conditions except for fast cold drying (2 to 8 ℃ overnight and formaldehyde condition,0.30 to 0.38 ppm for 4 hours or 0.21 to 0.24 ppm for 18 hours).TSH and 17α-OHP levels were lowered obviously when the samples were dried under the conditions of humidity,UV and formaldehyde condition (TSH:0.32 to 0.52 ppm for 4 hours,0.38 to 0.45 ppm for 18 hours,17α-OHP:4.37 to 4.62 ppm for 4 hours,0.38 to 0.45 ppm for 18 hours).The results of Phe,G6PD,TSH and 17α-OHP were not statistically different with the control group when the samples were dried under the fast cold drying and 2 to 8 ℃ overnight.Conclusion The physical and chemical factors in the environment of DBS preparation should be related to the accuracy of neonatal disease screening closely.The necessary control factors including formaldehyde,ethanol,glacial acetic acid,ultraviolet irradiation,heat,humidity and decoration pollution may exhibit significant effects on the preparation of DBS.Fast cold drying and overnight at 2 to 8 ℃ could be available for DBS preparation.