Objective Using female mice to investigate the reparative effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on radiation-induced ovarian injury. Methods Mice were randomly divided into three groups: a blank control group, a radiation model group, and a cell therapy group. Mice in the radiation model group and the cell therapy group received a single whole-body irradiation of 5 Gy X-rays. Within 2 hours post-irradiation, mice in the cell therapy group underwent ovarian transplantation of UC-MSCs. On days 1, 7, and 14 post-irradiation, body weight was measured, ovarian index was calculated, histopathological changes in ovarian tissue were examined, serum levels of reproductive hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone, and estradiol) were determined, and the colonization of implanted UC-MSCs in the mice was observed. Results On days 1, 7, and 14 post-irradiation, both the cell therapy group and the radiation model group showed decreased body weight compared to the blank control group (P < 0.05). On day 1 post-irradiation compared to day 1 pre-irradiation within the same group, the radiation model group exhibited a greater decrease in body weight than the cell therapy group (P < 0.05). On days 1, 7, and 14 post-irradiation, the ovarian index decreased in both the radiation model group and the cell therapy group compared to the blank control group (P < 0.05). On days 7 and 14 post-irradiation, the ovarian index in the cell therapy group was significantly higher than that in the radiation model group (P < 0.05). Ovarian tissue in the radiation model group exhibited atrophy and a reduction in the number of follicles at all stages. In contrast, follicles in the cell therapy group were large and abundant. On days 1, 7, and 14 post-irradiation, serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the cell therapy group were lower than those in the radiation model group, while anti-Müllerian hormone and estradiol levels were higher than those in the radiation model group (P < 0.01). In vivo fluorescence imaging demonstrated that UC-MSCs successfully colonized the ovarian tissue on days 1, 7, and 14 after transplantation. Conclusion UC-MSCs exert a repair effect on radiation-induced ovarian injury in mice.

Humans ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Hypoglycemia/chemically induced* ; Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects* ; China ; Blood Glucose ; Insulin

ObjectiveTo understand the relative bioavailability （RBA） of cadmium in different aquatic products. Based on the consideration of the gender differences and the relative bioavailability of cadmium in different foods， the physiologically based toxicokinetic （PBTK） model of cadmium was further optimized and verified. The correlation between internal and external exposure in quantitative risk assessment of food safety was optimized， and the provisional tolerable daily intake （PTDI） value of cadmium was derived. MethodsThe relative bioavailability of cadmium in different aquatic products was determined in four-week-old Balb/c female mice. The PBTK model of cadmium metabolism was optimized by ABC-MCMC method using combined internal and external exposure data of cadmium in Shanghai residents， and the PTDI was calculated accordingly. ResultsExcept for scallops and squid， the RBA of aquatic samples was less than 1， indicating that the absorption rate of cadmium in aquatic products was lower than that of cadmium chloride. The higher RBA of squid and scallop may be due to the presence of cadmium in the visceral organs， which is conducive to cadmium absorption and its higher concentration of cadmium. Frying at the temperature less than 160 ℃ reduced cadmium absorption but may increase cadmium absorption at the temperature greater than 160 ℃. The optimized model parameters converged well and the model could reasonably estimate urinary cadmium level according to the external exposure of cadmium. The PTDI value was0.466 4 μg·（kg·day）^-1 according to the optimized single-chamber model. ConclusionThe relative bioavailability of cadmium in different foods varies greatly， except for squid and scallops， RBA is less than 1， and cooking processing will affect the RBA of food. The construction of the PBTK model did not only consider the effects of gender differences on cadmium metabolism， but also included the relative bioavailability data to optimize and adjust the correlation coefficient of absorption rate. Compared with the model without RBA adjustment， the adjusted model has enhanced the ability to predict urinary cadmium level， which provides a new， more accurate method for the risk assessment of food safety.

Objective To establish a rapid detection method for zika virus based on direct amplification re-al-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)technique.Methods A direct amplification RT-PCR technique for the rapid detection of zika virus in 5 samples(whole blood,serum,saliva,throat swab and urine)was established by using a special function DNA polymerase and a preferred PCR enhancer.Results The detection limits of the 5 samples were 103 PFU/mL in serum,102 PFU/mL in urine,throat swab,and saliva,and 104 PFU/mL in whole blood.The coefficient of goodness-fit of stand-ard curves was above 0.98,and the amplification efficiency was 90％-110％.Zika virus nucleic acid was suc-cessfully amplified,but non-zika virus nucleic acid was not amplified.Based on the repeatable detection of sam-ples from urine,whole blood,and saliva,the variation coefficient of 6 repeated Ct values at 106 PFU/mL and 102 PFU/mL concentrations were all＜5％.The zika virus detection method established by the direct amplifi-cation RT-PCR technique was consistent with the detection results of conventional RT-PCR technique.Only two serum samples were detected in eight zika virus samples,and the remaining 62 non-zika virus samples and 12 negative samples were not amplified.Conclusion A rapid detection method for zika virus based on direct ampli-fication RT-PCR technique is successfully established.The method is simple,rapid,sensitive and specific.

Objective To establish normal reference values for left ventricular trabecular and papillary muscle mass(TPMM)in Chinese adults using MRI and to explore its impact factors.Methods A total of 168 healthy Chinese adults were retrospectively included,and compacted and total left ventricular myocardial mass(LVM)were measured using traditional and dedicated methods,respectively.TPMM was calculated from the difference between total and compacted LVM.Independent sample t-tests and analysis of variance were used to explore the differences in TPMM among genders and age groups,while multiple linear regression was used to explore the independent correlation between TPMM and age,gender,heart rate,systolic blood pressure(SBP),fasting blood glucose(FBG),and body mass index(BMI).Results TPMM for men was significantly larger than that for female(P<0.001).TPMM in the elderly group was significantly larger in female(P<0.05),but not in men.Multiple linear regression showed that BMI and SBP were both independently positively correlated with TPMM,and female and heart rate were independently negatively correlated with TPMM(P<0.05).Conclusion This study provides age-and gender-specific normal reference values for TPMM in Chinese adults.Gender,heart rate,BMI,and SBP are all independently associated with TPMM.

Objective:To explore the differences in bacterial community structure between proximal colon cancer (PC), distal colon cancer (DC), and rectal cancer (RC), and the values of featured microbiota in differentiating PC with tumor markers.Methods:This case-control study enrolled 85 newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients, including 22 PC, 15 DC and 48 RC patients, and 8 colorectal adenoma patients from May 2019 to July 2022 at the Department of General Surgery, Anyang Oncology Hospital. The blood and fecal samples were collected before surgery and then subjected to biochemical tests for tumor markers and 16S rDNA tests, respectively. SPSS (27.0.1) was applied to perform the t-test, one-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Chi-Squared Test. Also, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted on tumor markers and/or f_Bacteroidaceae with SPSS software .Results:All groups had significant differences in the CA125 ( F=3.543, P<0.05), CA72-4 ( F=3.596, P<0.05), and serum tumor-associated materials (TAM) levels ( F=5.787, P<0.01). In PC group, the levels of CA125 [PC vs RC, (36.84±6.30) kU/L vs (12.73±4.21) kU/L, P<0.01] and CA72-4 [PC vs RC, (45.56±10.86) kU/L vs (3.30±7.63) kU/L, P<0.01] were significantly higher than that of the RC group, while the level of TAM was remarkably elevated in PC group than in RC group [PC vs RC, (124.84±5.19) U/ml vs (102.44±3.63) U/ml, P<0.001] and CRA group [PC vs CRA, (124.84±5.19) U/ml vs (95.39±8.42) U/ml, P<0.01]. The LEfSe analysis showed that the featured microbiota in the PC group included f_Bacteroidaceae, f_Neisseriaceae, f_Clostridiaceae_1, f_Spirochaetaceae, and so on. The largest area under the ROC belonged to the combination of TAM and f_Bacteroidaceae, which reached 0.845 (95% CI 0.747-0.944), with sensitivity being 0.857 and specificity being 0.815. Conclusions:There is heterogeneity in gut microbiota composition among PC, DC, RC, and CRA. The combination of gut microbiota and tumor biomarkers demonstrated good differentiating effects in proximal colon cancers.

OBJECTIVE To screen the prescription and preparation method of Bupleurum nanoemulsion, and evaluate its quality, study the antipyretic effect. METHODS The emulsifier and co-emulsifier of the nanoemulsion were preliminarily screened, and then the prescription was screened by pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The quality evaluation of the appearance, particle size distribution, structure type, stability and content of the prepared Bupleurum nanoemulsion was performed. Wistar rats were further randomly divided into blank control group, model control group, positive control group(aspirin group), Bupleurum nanoemulsion high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups(18.00, 9.00, 3.00 g·kg−1). Except for the blank control group, the pathological model of fever rats was prepared in the other groups. According to the scheduled experimental requirements, rats in each group were given the corresponding drugs. And the temperature changes of rats in each group were recorded at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 h to observe the antipyretic effect of Bupleurum nanoemulsion. RESULTS The best prescription of Bupleurum nanoemulsion: Tween-80 6 g and n-butanol 3 g, Bupleurum extract dissolved in pure water as water phase 20 mL, Bupleurum oil as oil phase 2 g. At room temperature, the Bupleurum nanoemulsion was a yellow-brown clear and transparent liquid, O/W nanoemulsion, with an average particle size of (77.21±3.66)nm, polydispersity index of 0.28±0.04, Zeta potential of (–18.81±1.42)mV, and saikosaponin content of 3.071 mg·mL−1, with good stability. In animal experiments, compared with the model control group, the rectal temperature of aspirin group and Bupleurum nanoemulsion high-dose group was significantly lower after the first administration(P<0.01), the rectal temperature of Bupleurum nanoemulsion middle-dose group was significantly lower after the first administration 2, 3 h(P<0.01). CONCLUSION The Bupleurum nanoemulsion is transparent and stable, and it has good antipyretic effect on fever rat model.

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of Panax quinquefolium-Acorus calamus on learning and memory abilities in diabetes mellitus(DM) mice and investigate the mechanism of Panax quinquefolium-Acorus calamus in treating diabetic cognitive impairment(DCI) through network pharmacology and animal experiments. METHODS Diabetic mouse model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(80 mg·kg−1), followed by 8 weeks of oral administration and assessment of drug efficacy using the Morris water maze. The active ingredients and targets of Panax quinquefolium-Acorus calamus were collected using TCMSP, Swiss Target Prediction, and Gene Cards. The protein-protein interaction network of "Traditional Chinese Medicine-Ingredient-Disease targets" was constructed using the String platform and Cytoscape, visualized, and subjected to enrichment analysis using the Metascape database. The anti-DCI mechanism of Panax quinquefolium-Acorus calamus was examined through ELISA and Western blotting, while changes in hippocampal neurons of diabetic mice were observed using HE staining. RESULTS Panax quinquefolium-Acorus calamus reduced the escape latency of diabetic mice(P<0.05), without significant impact on swimming speed. Network pharmacology results indicated that the main components of Panax quinquefolium-Acorus calamus in treating DCI were ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rh2, and shanjin phenol, which regulated the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway to treat DCI. Animal experiments demonstrated that Panax quinquefolium-Acorus calamus increased SOD activity(P<0.05), decreased MDA levels(P<0.01), enhanced the expression of HO-1, Keap1, Nrf2 in mouse brain(P<0.01), and alleviated the loosening of granule cell arrangement and nuclear condensation in the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG regions. CONCLUSION Using animal experiments combined with network pharmacology, this study preliminarily elucidates the potential targets and mechanisms of Panax quinquefolium-Acorus calamus in intervening DCI, and predictes the molecular basis for its intervention in DCI through molecular docking, providing insights for further in-depth research on Panax quinquefolium-Acorus calamus.

Objective To elucidate the role of programmed cell death factor 4(PDCD4)in mitochondrial dysfunction caused by sepsis-related vascular endothelial damage.Methods Cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)and mouse vascular endothelial cells(C166 cells)were transfected with a small interfering RNA targeting PDCD4 followed by treatment with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)alone or in combination with carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone(FCCP).The proteomic changes in the cells after PDCD4 knockdown were analyzed using LC-MS/MS technique.The mRNA expressions of PDCD4 and the genes associated with cell inflammation and apoptosis were detected with RT-PCR,and the expressions of FIS1,DRP1 and OPA1 proteins key to mitochondrial fission and fusion were determined using Western blotting.JC-1 and MitoSOX fluorescent probes were used to observe the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels under by a laser confocal microscope.Results LPS stimulation of the cells significantly increased the mRNA expressions of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP1)and enhanced the cellular expression of PDCD4(P<0.05).Proteomic analysis suggested a correlation between PDCD4 knockdown and changes in mitochondrial dynamics in the cells.LPS treatment significantly increased the expressions of mitochondrial fission proteins FIS1 and DRP1 and lowered the expression of the fusion protein OPA1 in the cells(P<0.05),causing also mitochondrial oxidative stress and reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential(P<0.05).In HUVECs,treatment with FCCP significantly attenuated the protective effect of PDCD4 knockdown,which inhibited LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress and restored the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion.Conclusion PDCD4 knockdown protects vascular endothelial cells against LPS-induced damages by repressing mitochondrial fission and oxidative stress,promoting mitochondrial fusion,and maintaining normal mitochondrial function.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) under enhanced regional and conventional anesthesia for multisegmental acute symptomatic osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures (m-ASOTLF).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the data of 91 patients with m-ASOTLF who were admitted to Honghui Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from January 2021 to December 2022, including 36 males and 55 females, aged 55-80 years [(67.4±7.3)years]. According to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification system, 18 patients were classified as grade I, 52 grade II, and 21 grade III. Injured segments included T 6-T 10 in 23 patients, T 11-L 2 in 47 and L 3-L 5 in 21. All the patients were treated with PVP, among whom 45 were given enhanced regional anesthesia (enhanced anesthesia group) and 46 regional conventional anesthesia (conventional anesthesia group). The following indicators were compared between the two groups: the operation time, intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative heart rate, intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP), number of intraoperative fluoroscopies, and total amount of bone cement injected; the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) before surgery, at 1 day, 1 month after surgery and at the last follow-up; the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) before surgery, at 1, 6, and 12 hours after surgery; the anterior vertebrae height (AVH), middle vertebrae height (MVH), and vertebral kyphosis angle (VKA) before and at 1 day after surgery; the incidence of complications such as bone cement leakage. Results:All the patients were followed up for 12-20 months [(15.8±2.6)months]. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the operation time, intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative heart rate, intraoperative MAP, number of intraoperative fluoroscopies or total amount of bone cement injected ( P>0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups in VAS or ODI before surgery and at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). The VAS scores in the enhanced anesthesia group were (2.5±0.4)points and (1.8±0.3)points at 1 day and 1 month postoperatively respectively, which were both lower than (3.5±0.4)points and (2.0±0.5)points in the conventional anesthesia group ( P<0.01). The ODI values in the enhanced anesthesia group were 39.8±3.3 and 26.5±5.0 at 1 day and 1 month postoperatively respectively, which were both lower than 43.8±7.5 and 30.3±6.4 in the conventional anesthesia group ( P<0.01). The VAS and ODI at all postoperative time points decreased in both groups compared with those before surgery, with significant differences among those at all postoperative time points ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the MMSE scores before, at 1, 6, and 12 hours after surgery ( P>0.05). The MMSE scores at 1 and 6 hours postoperatively were lower than that preoperatively in both groups ( P<0.05), and it was increased at 6 hours compared with that at 1 hour postoperatively ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the MMSE scores at 12 hours postoperatively and preoperatively in both groups ( P>0.05). The differences between the two groups in AVH, MVH, or VKA preoperatively were not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The AVH and MVH at 1 day postoperatively in the enhanced anesthesia group were (22.4±4.2)mm and (22.7±3.7)mm respectively, which were both higher than those in the conventional anesthesia group [(19.3±3.7)mm and (20.1±6.3)mm] ( P<0.05 or 0.01); the VKA at 1 day postoperatively in the enhanced anesthesia group was (13.9±3.7)°, which was lower than that in the conventional anesthesia group (15.8±4.1)° ( P<0.05). The AVH, MVH, and VKA in both groups were all improved at 1 day postoperatively compared with those preoperatively ( P<0.05). The incidence of bone cement leakage in the enhanced anesthesia group was 6.7% (3/45), which was lower than 21.7% (10/46) in the conventional anesthesia group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Compared with conventional regional anesthesia, PVP under enhanced regional anesthesia for m-ASOTLF has more advantages in early postoperative pain relief, improvement of spinal function, restoration of vertebral height and reduction of bone cement leakage.