Objective To evaluate the advantages of powder-liquid double-chamber bag products compared with traditional powder injection. Methods The systematic review method was used to collect the literature on powder-liquid double-chamber bag, extract common evaluation indicators, evaluate the use value of powder-liquid double-chamber bag products, and conduct a comprehensive comparison with traditional powder injection products. Results A total of 23 articles were included in the literature. The effectiveness indicators used for evaluation were the stability of the liquid medicine, the accuracy of the preparation concentration, and the residual amount of the liquid medicine; the safety indicators were the incidence of insoluble particles and the incidence of punctures and scratches. The economic indicators were preparation cost, occupied volume of preparation supplies, waste weight, hospitalization cost and incidence of blood infection. The applicability indicators were preparation time, average occupation of medical staff, packaging weight and storage and transportation volume, environmental adaptability, and ease of waste disposal. Accessibility indicators are the number of manufacturers, raw material supply capacity, and patient affordability. Through the evaluation of literature evidence, it was found that the stability and concentration accuracy of the powder-liquid double-chamber bag were higher than those of the traditional powder injection, and the domestic supply had been achieved. The double-chamber bag method can reduce the infusion reaction and shorten the preparation time of the liquid medicine. Conclusion Compared with traditional powder injectabler products, powder-liquid double-chamber bags have advantages in the dimensions of effectiveness, safety, economy, suitability and innovation, and the accessibility dimension meets the requirements.

Objective:To preliminarily explore the clinical value of three-dimensional ultrasound fusion imaging(3DUS FI) visualization technology in guiding precise needle placement during thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:A total of 56 HCC patients (59 lesions)who underwent 3DUS FI guided thermal ablation were retrospectively analyzed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from November 2019 to December 2021. All patients were collected with three-dimensional ultrasound volume image before ablation which were fused with real-time two-dimensional ultrasound image for registration, and then the tumor and the safety margin of 5 mm were segmented and marked. Finally, the thermal ablation was performed under three-dimensional visualization. Contrast-enhanced CT/MRI was performed 1 month after thermal ablation to evaluate whether the lesion was completely ablated and measure the ablative margin, and the relationship between ablative margin and the incidence of local tumor progression (LTP) was also analyzed.Results:During the ablation, all lesions could be successfully registered and displayed in three-dimension. Postoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound showed that all lesions were completely ablated. A total of 37 lesions could be evaluated for ablative efficacy and ablative margin based on contrast-enhanced CT/MRI 1 month after themal ablation, of which 32 (86.5%) lesions achieved complete ablation and obtained at least 5 mm ablative margin. During the follow-up period, LTP was occurred in 4 lesions, 3 of the lesions occurred at the ablative margin< 5 mm. Both 1-year and 2-year cumulative LTP rates were all 7.1%. None of patients had serious complications or deaths associated with thermal ablation.Conclusions:3DUS FI real-time guidance technology is feasible and safe in visually guiding precise needle placement during thermal ablation of HCC.

Before the "mesorectal" theory was proposed, the traditional anatomy believed that the "pelvirectal space" belonged to the anal canal and perirectal space, which was independent of the rectal structure, located on both sides of the rectum, above the levator ani, and below the peritoneal reflexion, and was composed of a large amount of fatty tissue filling. With the development of the theory of membrane anatomy and the clarification of the concept of "rectal mesentery", combined with the author's clinical experience, we found that the above-mentioned fat is actually the fat within the mesorectum, as well as the fat tissue of lateral lymph nodes (LLN) such as the internal iliac lymph nodes (No.263) and obturator lymph nodes (No.283) on both sides of the rectal mesentery, rather than the so-called fat tissue within the interstitial space. Therefore, the author believes that the pelvirectal space does not exist. In the anatomical location equivalent to the pelvic rectal space, there is the "superior levator ani space" based on the membrane anatomy theory. From the pelvirectal space to the superior levator anal space, it reflects our further understanding of the anatomy of the rectal mesentery.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare type of T-cell lymphoma. Despite the scarcity of reported BIA-ALCL cases in Asia, it is imperative to research early diagnosis. The crucial diagnostic criteria for BIA-ALCL include the presence of ALK - and CD30 + T cells exceeding 10% in the delayed seroma fluid. Furthermore, laboratory tests, such as histological examination of capsulectomies and analysis of clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements, serve as important auxiliary diagnostic indicators. This article reported the case of a 56-year-old female patient who underwent bilateral breast augmentation with implants over 20 years ago. She presented with hardness, enlargement, and mild discomfort in her left breast. She was admitted to Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in January 2023. MRI suggested implant rupture. Therefore, bilateral implant removal surgery was performed on February 2, 2023. Pathological examination of the fluid within the capsule of the left implant revealed a small number of ALK - and CD30 + T cells, with monoclonality observed in TCRγ gene rearrangement, indicating early changes suggestive of BIA-ALCL. Long-term follow-up is needed. The authors suggest that patients suspected of BIA-ALCL should undergo TCR gene rearrangement testing in addition to cytological and immunological examinations, which can provide guidance for the diagnosis, treatment, and necessary long-term follow-up of these patients.

Tissue engineering has provided wide applications in the field of breast reconstruction for breast cancer patients. A sufficient blood supply is critical to long-term tissue survival, which is also the key to creating large volume tissue-engineered breasts. Compared with traditional three-dimensional(3D) printing, 3D bioprinting uses bioactive bioinks to print tissue or organ structures to bring related biofunctions. It has become a promising developing direction for recreating functional vascular networks in vitro. The article summarized the recent findings of studies on bioprinting in fabricating vascularized tissue-engineered breasts. Moreover, it has highlighted the possible mechanisms of precise bioprinting of vascular networks and angiogenesis.

Biomaterials have gained substantial attention in the field of regenerative medicine and shown respectable potential in clinical translation. However, the function of biomaterials is hindered by the fibrotic encapsulation of foreign body response (FBR) under some circumstances. FBR also lowers the expected service life of implanted devices and causes pain, distortion of tissue or even malignant diseases. Therefore, the mechanism of FBR and the modulating factors need to be further investigated to improve the tissue biocompatibility of biomaterials. This article reviewed the process of FBR, summarized the properties and modification of biomaterials related to FBR, and discussed strategies to mitigate this immune reaction.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare type of T-cell lymphoma. Despite the scarcity of reported BIA-ALCL cases in Asia, it is imperative to research early diagnosis. The crucial diagnostic criteria for BIA-ALCL include the presence of ALK - and CD30 + T cells exceeding 10% in the delayed seroma fluid. Furthermore, laboratory tests, such as histological examination of capsulectomies and analysis of clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements, serve as important auxiliary diagnostic indicators. This article reported the case of a 56-year-old female patient who underwent bilateral breast augmentation with implants over 20 years ago. She presented with hardness, enlargement, and mild discomfort in her left breast. She was admitted to Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine in January 2023. MRI suggested implant rupture. Therefore, bilateral implant removal surgery was performed on February 2, 2023. Pathological examination of the fluid within the capsule of the left implant revealed a small number of ALK - and CD30 + T cells, with monoclonality observed in TCRγ gene rearrangement, indicating early changes suggestive of BIA-ALCL. Long-term follow-up is needed. The authors suggest that patients suspected of BIA-ALCL should undergo TCR gene rearrangement testing in addition to cytological and immunological examinations, which can provide guidance for the diagnosis, treatment, and necessary long-term follow-up of these patients.

Tissue engineering has provided wide applications in the field of breast reconstruction for breast cancer patients. A sufficient blood supply is critical to long-term tissue survival, which is also the key to creating large volume tissue-engineered breasts. Compared with traditional three-dimensional(3D) printing, 3D bioprinting uses bioactive bioinks to print tissue or organ structures to bring related biofunctions. It has become a promising developing direction for recreating functional vascular networks in vitro. The article summarized the recent findings of studies on bioprinting in fabricating vascularized tissue-engineered breasts. Moreover, it has highlighted the possible mechanisms of precise bioprinting of vascular networks and angiogenesis.

Biomaterials have gained substantial attention in the field of regenerative medicine and shown respectable potential in clinical translation. However, the function of biomaterials is hindered by the fibrotic encapsulation of foreign body response (FBR) under some circumstances. FBR also lowers the expected service life of implanted devices and causes pain, distortion of tissue or even malignant diseases. Therefore, the mechanism of FBR and the modulating factors need to be further investigated to improve the tissue biocompatibility of biomaterials. This article reviewed the process of FBR, summarized the properties and modification of biomaterials related to FBR, and discussed strategies to mitigate this immune reaction.

Purpose/Significance To explore and implement the automated interpretation of pediatric medical exam answers,so as to enhance the efficiency and quality of answer explanation compilation.Method/Process The paper proposes a method that combines latent semantic indexing(LSI),MC-BERT,and the CoSENT model.Initially,multiple candidate answer explanations are extracted from ref-erence documents using the LSI method and the MC-BERT model.Subsequently,the CoSENT model is employed to calculate the simi-larity between the candidate explanations and the question stems as well as the answer options.The candidate explanation with the highest similarity is then selected as the final answer explanation.Result/Conclusion The experimental results show that the method presented in this paper achieves a precision rate of 72.6％.Compared to single methods or models,it significantly improves the recall and precision of answer parsing,effectively enhances the efficiency of compiling question answer explanations,reduces the burden on educators,and pro-vides significant data support for educational research.