Objective To identify long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) associated with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) and investigate their mechanisms. Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from RA-ILD patients (n＝3), RA patients without lung involvement (n＝3), and healthy controls (n＝3). Next-generation sequencing was performed to screen differentially expressed lncRNA. A human fibrotic lung cell model was established by inducing the MRC-5 cell line with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Following siRNA-mediated knockdown of target genes, changes in inflammatory and oxidative stress-related genes were analyzed via real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blotting and dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assays were used to validate protein expression, ubiquitination levels, and nuclear translocation of oxidative stress regulators, and antioxidant response element (ARE) transcriptional activity. Rescue experiments were conducted to confirm the role of target lncRNA in oxidative stress and inflammation in fibrotic lung cells. Results High-throughput sequencing revealed significant downregulation of LINC00638 in RA-ILD patients. Knockdown of LINC00638 markedly reduced transcriptional levels of interleukin (IL)-4, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), while increasing IL-6, IL-1β, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, LINC00638 knockdown decreased Nrf2 protein expression, increased its ubiquitination, reduced nuclear translocation, and suppressed ARE transcriptional activity. In MRC-5 cells, LINC00638 knockdown combined with N-acetylcysteine treatment restored Nrf2 and HO-1 levels while reducing IL-6 expression. Conclusions LINC00638 suppresses inflammatory responses in RA-ILD by activating the Nrf2/ARE antioxidant signaling pathway, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for diagnosis and treatment.

ObjectiveTo understand the visual environment sanitation in primary and secondary school classrooms in Minhang District， Shanghai， and to investigate the factors affecting the decline in students’ visual acuity. MethodsIn 2020， among all the primary and secondary schools in Minhang District， according to different types of classroom structures， levels， orientations， unilateral lighting， and bilateral lighting， a total of 20 231 students from 674 classrooms in primary and secondary schools were selected through stratified cluster sampling. Each monitored classroom was regarded as a research unit， and the naked eye vision of students was tested using a standard logarithmic vision chart during the 2020 and 2021 academic years. The change in average visual acuity between the two measurements was taken as the dependent variable， and the visual environment indices were considered as independent variables. The relationship between classroom visual environment indices and the decline in students’ naked eye vision was analyzed. ResultsThe qualification rates for per capita classroom area， window to floor area ratio， average illuminance of the blackboard， uniformity of blackboard illuminance， average illuminance of the desks， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient of classroom， blackboard reflection ratio， back wall reflection ratio， and distance between lamps and desks were 79.53%， 88.58%， 46.74%， 70.33%，64.69%， 80.86%， 71.81%， 20.30%， 1.63%， and 97.53%， respectively. The average naked eye vision of primary and secondary school students in the 2020 academic year was 4.75±0.37 （right eye） and 4.76±0.37 （left eye）， while in the 2021 academic year， it was 4.70±0.39 （right eye） and 4.71±0.38 （left eye）. There was a significant decrease in the naked eye vision of primary and secondary school students in the 2021 academic year compared to that of 2020 （P<0.05）. Univariate linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between grade， average illuminance of the blackboard， average illuminance of the desks， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient， and distance between lamps and desks， and the decline of students’ naked eye vision within one academic year （P<0.05）. After adjusting for grade， multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the average illuminance of the blackboard， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient， and distance between lamps and desks， and the decline of students’ naked eye vision within one academic year （P<0.05）. Higher average illuminance of the blackboard， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient， and distance between lamps and desks were protective factors for naked eye vision. ConclusionThe visual environment of primary and secondary school classrooms in Minhang District is a matter of concern. Average illuminance of the blackboard， uniformity of desk illuminance， lighting coefficient， and distance between lamps and desks are related to the degree of visual impairment in students over a year.

Given the systematic, rigorous, and practical characteristics of medical disciplines, ensuring the teaching quality of online courses has become a significant focus. In traditional teaching models, teaching supervision is an important method to guarantee instructional quality, and introducing teaching supervision into online teaching activities is of great significance. This article systematically reviews and summarizes the domestic and international experience of conducting online medical courses. We explore the instructional supervision of online medical courses from the following perspectives: the meaning of supervision, the necessity of online supervision, online supervision methods and technical approaches, the feedback and application of supervision information, and the establishment of a standardized online supervision process.

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women in the developing countries.The treatment based on surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy is often accompanied by intolerable complications.Clinical practice has proved that TCM therapy has a positive effect on the complications related to the treatment of cervical cancer,but there is still a lack of scientific and standardized application reference opinions.Based on Delphi method,our research group constructed and formulated an expert consensus study on the complications related to the treatment of cervical cancer with TCM therapies,so as to provide a reference for clinical treatment of such diseases.

【Objective】 To analyze the disease burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in China, Japan and South Korea from 1990 to 2019, so as to provide scientific basis for rational allocation of health resources. 【Methods】 Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability(YLD)were used to analyze the burden, and the average annual percent change and annual percent change were calculated. 【Results】 The incidence, prevalence and YLD rate in China were much higher than those in Japan and South Korea. The crude incidence in China, Japan and South Korea increased by 2.56%, 1.49% and 3.59% per year from 1990 to 2019, the crude prevalence rate increased by 2.70%, 2.34% and 4.03%, and the crude YLD rate increased by 2.68%, 2.33% and 4.04%. After age standardization, the disease burden in China decreased with time, but the trend was not significant, and the standardized rate in Japan and Korea increased significantly with time. The disease burden of BPH increased with age, and those aged 60 to 84 years had the highest burden. In addition, the disease burden increased with the increase of socio-demographic index (SDI) in all three countries. 【Conclusion】 The disease burden of BPH was very heavy in China, Japan and South Korea, especially in China. Males aged 60 to 84 years were the high-risk group. Targeted intervention should be adopted for these population.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has developed into the most common chronic liver disease and can lead to liver cancer.Our laboratory previously developed a novel prescription for NAFLD,"Eight Zhes Decoction"(EZD),which has shown good curative effects in clinical practice.However,the pharmaco-dynamic material basis and mechanism have not yet been revealed.A strategy integrating lipidomics,network pharmacology and pharmacokinetics was used to reveal the active components and mecha-nisms of EZD against NAFLD.The histopathological results showed that EZD attenuated the degrees of collagen deposition and steatosis in the livers of nonalcoholic steatofibrosis model mice.Furthermore,glycerophospholipid metabolism,arachidonic acid metabolism,glycerolipid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism with phospholipase A2 group IVA(PLA2G4A)and cytochrome P450 as the core targets and 12,13-cis-epoxyoctadecenoic acid,12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid,leukotriene B4,prostaglandin E2,phosphatidylcholines(PCs)and triacylglycerols(TGs)as the main lipids were found to be involved in the treatment of NAFLD by EZD.Importantly,naringenin,artemetin,canadine,and bicuculline were iden-tified as the active ingredients of EZD against NAFLD;in particular,naringenin reduces PC consumption by inhibiting the expression of PLA2G4A and thus promotes sufficient synthesis of very-low-density lipoprotein to transport excess TGs in the liver.This research provides valuable data and theoretical support for the application of EZD against NAFLD.

Objective:To investigate the role of the CXC chemokine receptor 1 (CXCR1)/CXC chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) axis in the abnormal proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC).Methods:30 female C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the PBC model group (PBC group), reparixin intervention group (Rep group), and blank control group (Con group) in an in vivo experiment. PBC animal models were established after 12 weeks of intraperitoneal injection of 2-octanoic acid coupled to bovine serum albumin (2OA-BSA) combined with polyinosinic acid polycytidylic acid (polyI:C). After successful modelling, reparixin was injected subcutaneously into the Rep group (2.5 mg · kg -1 · d -1, 3 weeks). Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect histological changes in the liver. An immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK-19). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), γ-interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA expression were detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot was used to detect nuclear transcription factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), extracellularly regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphorylated extracellularly regulated protein kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), Bcl-2-related X protein (Bax), B lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and cysteine proteinase-3 (Caspase- 3) expression. Human intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells were divided into an IL-8 intervention group (IL-8 group), an IL-8+Reparicin intervention group (Rep group), and a blank control group (Con group) in an in vitro experiment. The IL-8 group was cultured with 10 ng/ml human recombinant IL-8 protein, and the Rep group was cultured with 10 ng/ml human recombinant IL-8 protein, followed by 100 nmol/L Reparicin. Cell proliferation was detected by the EdU method. The expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-6 was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of CXCR1 mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression of NF-κB p65, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 was detected by western blot. A one-way ANOVA was used for comparisons between data sets. Results:The results of in vivo experiments revealed that the proliferation of cholangiocytes, the expression of NF-κB and ERK pathway-related proteins, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines were increased in the Con group compared with the PBC group. However, reparixin intervention reversed the aforementioned outcomes (P<0.05). In vitro experiments showed that the proliferation of human intrahepatic cholangiocyte epithelial cells, the expression of CXCR1 mRNA, the expression of NF-κB and ERK pathway-related proteins, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines were increased in the IL-8 group compared with the Con group. Compared with the IL-8 group, the proliferation of human intrahepatic cholangiocyte epithelial cells, NF-κB and ERK pathway-related proteins, and inflammatory indicators were significantly reduced in the Rep group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:The CXCR1/CXCL8 axis can regulate the abnormal proliferation of bile duct epithelial cells in PBC, and its mechanism of action may be related to NF-κB and ERK pathways.

Microsimulation model simulates individuals and estimates transition probabilities within the population using individual participant data. This approach could deal with the heterogeneous characteristics among the people or personal history of diseases and may be relevant in addressing cost-effectiveness problems of screening for complex conditions in epidemiology. This paper introduces the general principles, basic steps involved in implementation, analytic methods, and other related issues of the microsimulation model. Based on a practical research case of estimating the cost-effectiveness of microalbuminuria screening for chronic kidney disease in the United States, critical points in applications of the microsimulation model for cost-effectiveness analysis of screening were discussed in detail, including model development, model analysis, and the interpretation of the results. The microsimulation model considers the dynamic nature of complex diseases by estimating a broad range of individual characteristics and increasingly used to provide insights into complex problems that the Markov model does not efficiently address. For better supporting evidence-informed decision-making in public health, future studies should be aware of the accuracy of parameters in the decision-analytic model and the transparency of the models and results, as well as complying with the relevant reporting standards.

Objective:To validate the performance of cardiovascular risk prediction models based on the Sweden National Diabetes Register (NDR) and Diabetes Lifetime-perspective prediction (DIAL) model for assessing risks of 5-year and 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:Based on the Chinese Electronic Health Records Research in Yinzhou study, 83 503 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30-75 years without a history of CVD at baseline were included from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2020. Recalibrated NDR model was used to estimate 5-year risk, while the recalibrated DIAL model was used to predict 5-year and 10-year risks. The competing events adjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to obtain the observed cardiovascular events. Discrimination C statistics evaluated model accuracy, calibration χ2 value, and calibration plots. Results:Through a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 7 326 cardiovascular events, and 2 937 non-vascular deaths were identified among a total of 83 503 subjects. The recalibrated NDR model overestimated 5-year risk by 39.4% in men and 8.6% in women, whereas the overestimation for the recalibrated DIAL model was 14.6% in men and 50.1% in women. The DIAL model had a better discriminative ability ( C-statistic=0.681, 95% CI: 0.672-0.690) than NDR model ( C-statistic=0.667, 95% CI: 0.657-0.677) in 5-year risk prediction for men, and the models had a similar ability for women ( C-statistic=0.699, 95% CI: 0.690-0.708 for NDR and C-statistic=0.698, 95% CI: 0.689-0.706 for DIAL). The prediction accuracy of the DIAL model was improved in the 10-year risk, with the underestimation being 1.6% for men and the overestimation being 12.8% for women. Conclusions:Both recalibrated NDR and DIAL models overestimated 5-year cardiovascular risk in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, while the higher overestimation was shown using the DIAL model. However, the improvement was found in predicting 10-year CVD risk using the DIAL model, which suggested the value of lifetime risk prediction and indicated the need for research on the lifetime risk prediction model for cardiovascular risk assessment in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective:To explore the application of peritoneal dialysis routine examination in reducing the incidence of peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis.Methods:From July 2018 to June 2019, 191 patients with peritoneal dialysis who were followed up regularly in the nephrology department were selected as the study subjects.Using convenient sampling method, outpatient follow-up on Tuesday were selected as control group(95 cases) and fixed outpatient follow-up on Thursday were selected as observation group(96 cases). Routine follow-up was performed in the control group, and routine examination of peritonitis was performed in the observation group during the follow-up.Intervention was given immediately when the problems were found to the naked eye and the examination results were abnormal.The incidence of peritonitis in the two groups was compared.Results:Peritonitis occurred in 24 cases in the control group(25.26%), and 9 cases in the observation group(9.38%). The incidence of peritonitis in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(χ 2=5.972, P<0.05). Conclusion:The occurrence of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis is related to a variety of factors.Paying attention to the routine examination of peritonitis and observing the color of peritonitis, strengthening the aseptic fluid exchange operation, and following up the patients can effectively reduce the occurrence of peritonitis and improve the quality of dialysis.