ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of the modified of Bazhentang combined with Guishentang in improving pregnancy outcomes in mouse models of embryo implantation dysfunction by regulating T helper 1/T helper 2 （Th1/Th2） immune balance. MethodsEighty ICR female mice were randomly divided into four groups （n=20 per group） on gestational day 1 （GD1）： control， model， western medicine， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） groups. Except for the control group， all mice received mifepristone solution （0.2 mg/mouse） via oral gavage on GD4 to induce embryo implantation dysfunction. The TCM group received a water decoction of the modified of Bazhentang combined with Guishentang （20.8 g·kg^-1）， with the western medicine group administered dydrogesterone （3.9 mg·kg^-1）， and the control/model groups given equal volumes of saline. All treatments were administered once daily from GD1 until one day before sample collection. Outcomes included implantation site counts （macroscopic observation）， pregnancy rates， body weight， endometrial histopathology （hematoxylin-eosin staining）， uterine expression of T-box expressed in T cells （T-bet）， GATA-binding protein 3 （GATA3）， interferon gamma （IFN-γ）， and interleukin-4 （IL-4） at protein （Western blot） and mRNA （real-time polymerase chain reaction， Real-time PCR） levels， serum IFN-γ and IL-4 levels （enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay， ELISA）， and Th1/Th2 immune balance evaluated by calculating T-bet/GATA3 and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios. ResultsCompared to the control group， the model group showed no significant change in pregnancy rate but exhibited a marked reduction in average implantation sites and body weight （P<0.01）. Histopathological analysis revealed endometrial abnormalities， including decreased glandular density， stromal compaction， and absence of nucleolar vacuoles. At the molecular level， uterine tissue in the model group demonstrated significantly upregulated expression of T-bet and IFN-γ （P<0.05， P<0.01）， alongside markedly downregulated GATA3 and IL-4 expression （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Serum analysis confirmed markedly elevated IFN-γ （P<0.01） and reduced IL-4 levels （P<0.01）， resulting in significantly increased T-bet/GATA3 and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratios （P<0.01）. Compared to the model group， pregnancy rates in all treatment groups showed no significant change. Implantation sites and body weight increased substantially （P<0.01）， with restored endometrial morphology characterized by enhanced glandular density， stromal edema， and reappearance of nucleolar vacuoles. Significant downregulation of T-bet and IFN-γ （P<0.01） and upregulation of GATA3 and IL-4 （P<0.05， P<0.01） in uterine tissue were observed. Serum IFN-γ levels were significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while IL-4 levels were significantly elevated （P<0.05）. The Th1/Th2 ratios were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe modified of Bazhentang combined with Guishentang significantly enhances the number of embryo implantation sites in mice with embryo implantation dysfunction， potentially through modulating T-bet/GATA3 expression， restoring Th1/Th2 immune balance， and improving endometrial receptivity.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of water extract of Mori Folium （MLE） on oxidative stress in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） mice and explore its mechanism. MethodTwenty-four male db/db mice were randomly divided into model group， metformin group， low-dose MLE （MLE-L） group， and high-dose MLE （MLE-H） group according to their body weight and blood glucose， with six mice in each group， and other six C57BLKS/JGpt wild littermate mice were selected as normal group. The mice in the metformin group were given 200 mg·kg^-1 metformin suspension， and the mice in the MLE-L and MLE-H groups were respectively given 2 g·kg^-1 and 4 g·kg^-1 MLE， while the mice in the normal group and model group were given the same dose of deionized water by daily gavage for eight weeks. Body weight， subcutaneous fat index， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， and oral glucose tolerance level （OGTT） of the mice were detected， and serum superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） were measured. The expression levels of silent information regulator 1 （SIRT1） and NADPH oxidase type 4 （NOX4） protein in subcutaneous adipose tissue of the mice were detected by Western blot. ResultThe FBG level， OGTT， and subcutaneous fat index of T2DM mice were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01） after administration of MLE compared with the blank group. The contents of serum SOD and GSH were significantly increased， while the level of oxidative stress damage marker MDA was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of SIRT1 protein in adipose tissue was significantly increased， while the expression of NOX4 protein was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionMLE can ameliorate T2DM by alleviating oxidative stress in adipose tissue of T2DM mice and reducing blood glucose.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effects of Mori Folium extract （MLE） on the kidney of db/db diabetic mice and its mechanism. MethodTwenty-four male C57BLKS/JGpt-Leprdb/Leprdb （db/db） mice were randomly divided into model group， metformin group， low-dose group of MLE （MLE-L）， and high-dose group of MLE （MLE-H） according to their fasting blood glucose （FBG）， with six mice in each group， and other six C57BLKS/JGpt wild littermate （m/m） mice were selected as normal group. The mice in the drug administration groups were given corresponding drugs by gavage， and the mice in the normal group and model group were given the same dose of deionized water by gavage once a day for continuous eight weeks. Body weight， bilateral kidney weight， and FBG were measured， and an oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed. The pathological changes in the kidney tissue of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and periodic acid-silver （PAS） staining， and serum creatinine （SCr） and blood urea nitrogen （BUN） levels were detected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in serum and urinary microalbumin （U-mAlb） of mice. The expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）， and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （NF-κB p65） protein in kidney tissue of mice were tested by Western blot. ResultCompared with the normal group， the body weight， absolute renal weight， FBG， and the area under the curve （AUC） of OGTT of mice in the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the levels of SCr， BUN， and U-mAlb， as well as TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were significantly increased （P<0.01）. The glomerular basement membrane in the kidney tissue of mice was thicker， with obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. The protein expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in the kidney tissue of mice were increased significantly （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， there was no statistical difference in the body weight of mice in each drug administration group. The absolute renal weight of mice in the MLE-H and metformin groups was significantly reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The FBG levels of mice in the metformin， MLE-L， and MLE-H groups started to decrease after treatment for four to eight weeks （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The AUC of mice in the MLE-H and metformin groups was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The levels of SCr， BUN， and U-mAlb of mice in the MLE-H and metformin groups were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and those of SCr and U-mAlb of mice in the MLE-L group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum of mice in the MLE-H and metformin groups were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The renal tissue pathology of mice in each drug administration group was improved to varying degrees， and the protein expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， and NF-κB p65 in the MLE-H group were decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionMLE can improve the renal structure and function of db/db diabetic mice， and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Mori Folium， the dried leaves of Morus alba， is widely used in clinical practice for dispersing wind and heat， clearing the lung and moistening dryness， soothing the liver and improving vision， and cooling blood and stopping bleeding. It has been used to regulate blood glucose since ancient times， and modern studies have shown that the active components of Mori Folium for lowering blood glucose mainly include flavonoids， alkaloids， polysaccharides， and phenols. These components are mainly extracted by solvents such as water and alcohols with the assistance of ultrasound and microwave. In addition， new extraction methods are emerging， such as CO₂ supercritical fluid extraction， enzymatic hydrolysis， and cloud point extraction. Mori Folium lowers blood glucose via multiple components， pathways， and targets. Specifically， it can improve glucose and lipid metabolism， protect pancreatic β cells， and alleviate insulin resistance to reduce the damage caused by hyperglycemia and restore normal physiological functions. Although a large number of studies have been carried out on diabetes， the causes and radical treatment methods remain to be explored， and diabetes is still a major disease that endangers human health and needs to be solved urgently. The articles about extraction process and mechanism of active components in Mori Folium for lowering blood glucose were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Web of Science， and PubMed. We analyzed the applicable extraction methods for the blood glucose-lowering components such as flavonoids， polysaccharides， and alkaloids in Mori Folium， and compared the conventional and emerging methods. Furthermore， we summarized our research achievements in the extraction of active components from Mori Folium and the blood glucose-lowering effect and mechanisms. This review aims to provide theoretical support for the optimization of the extraction process， the research on the blood glucose-lowering components and mechanism， and the development of new drugs and clinical application of Mori Folium.

Objective To isolate endophytic fungi from Angelica sinensis and evaluate the bioactivity of their secondary metabolites.Methods Angelica sinensis and rhizosphere soil were utilized as materials.The tissue homogenization method was employed with six diverse culture media to isolate endophytic fungi.The antibacterial activity of secondary metabolites was gauged using a 96-well plate assay,while UV spectrophotometry was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of four enzymes.Results A total of 153 fungal strains were isolated and purified from Angelica sinensis roots,stems,leaves,and soil.The samples exhibited specific inhibitory activities against adenosine deaminase(ADA),β-lactamase,xanthine oxidase(XO),and tyrosinase(TYR),with rates of 45.83%,52.78%,51.39%and 55.56%,respectively.Furthermore,1.39%of the samples displayed wide-ranging inhibitory effects against four indicator bacteria.Strain 6B also showcased the lowest inhibitory concentration values of 62.5 and 7.81 μg/mL against Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and ATCC35218,respectively,signifying its potential research significance.Conclusion Angelica sinensis has abundant endophytic fungal resources and is a good source for discovering active compounds,demonstrating certain research value.

Objective:To investigate the neuropsychological and imaging features of patients with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA).Methods:Patients of PCA, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), typical Alzheimer′s disease (t-AD) who were diagnosed in the Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from September 27, 2019, to September 24, 2021 were enrolled, and the normal controls who visited the Outpatient and Physical Examination Centers of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University and Rizhao People′s Hospital at the same time were enrolled, too. Neuropsychological assessments, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT data of the 4-group subjects were collected. Variance analysis was used to compare the differences in neuropsychological performance among the 4 groups, and the imaging features of PCA patients were summarized.Results:Eleven PCA patients, 17 DLB patients, 31 t-AD patients, and 11 normal controls were included in the study. The cognitive function of patients in the PCA group [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score 13.52±1.81; Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score 7.06±1.72] was significantly impaired compared to the normal control group (MMSE score 27.85±1.75, t=-6.561, P<0.001; MoCA score 23.60±1.59, t=-7.968, P<0.001]. However, there was no statistically significant difference compared to the DLB group and the t-AD group. Patients in the PCA group exhibited more severe impairments in attention, executive function, and language compared to the DLB group (Trail Making Test A score: 298.86±16.16 vs 110.07±18.62, t=9.980, P<0.001; Trail Making Test B score: 305.51±18.89 vs 230.34±23.59, t=2.865, P=0.024; Boston Naming Test score: 8.67±1.53 vs 15.66±1.56, t=-2.682, P=0.013) and the t-AD group (148.91±12.77, t=7.071, P<0.001; 200.78±19.34, t=3.789, P=0.004; 15.15±1.05, t=-2.544, P=0.016). Scores for visuospatial function [PCA group: 1(0, 1), normal control group: 3(3, 3), Z=-4.023, P<0.001] and visual perception [PCA group: 0(0, 1), normal control group: 35(34, 36), Z=-3.704, P<0.001] were significantly lower in the PCA group compared to the normal control group. The cranial MRI findings of PCA patients showed atrophy of the parietal and occipital lobes, with less obvious atrophy of the medial temporal lobe, which can be distinguished from t-AD. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT of the PCA patients showed a relative reduced glucose metabolism in the bilateral parietal lobe, occipital lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus, while the 18F-florbetapir PET/CT showed deposition of amyloid protein in the bilateral frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and cingulate gyrus. Conclusions:PCA patients exhibit neuropsychological characteristics of visuospatial dysfunction, along with impairments in various cognitive domains such as memory, attention, and executive functions. The typical MRI feature is parietal occipital lobe atrophy, and the PET/CT findings are consistent with metabolic changes in AD.

Abstract Allergic diseases can occur in all systems of the body, covering the whole life cycle, from children to adults and to old age, can be lifelong onset and even fatal in severe cases. Children account for the largest proportion of the victims of allergic disease, Children s allergies start from scratch, ranging from mild to severe, from less to more, from single to multiple systems and systemic performance, so the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children is of great importance, which can not only prevent high risk allergic conditions from developing into allergic diseases, but also further block the process of allergy. At present, there is no consensus on the management system of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools. The "Consensus on Allergy Management and Prevention in Kindergartens and Primary Schools", which includes the organizational structure, system construction and management of allergic children, provides evidence informed recommendations for the long term comprehensive management of allergic children in kindergartens and primary schools, and provides a basis for the establishment of the prevention system for allergic children.

ObjectiveTo investigate the targets and mechanism of Baofeikang granules in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis based on network pharmacology and verify the predicted mechanism based on animal experiment. MethodThe active ingredients and targets of Baofeikang granules were screened via the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform， and the targets of pulmonary fibrosis were searched in various disease databases. The common targets shared by Baofeikang granules and the disease were extracted for the establishment of the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network in STRING. Cytoscape 3.8.0 was used to analyze the network topology of the key targets and to establish the ''active ingredient-target'' network. Gene ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analyses were performed on the core targets to explore their possible molecular mechanisms. The rats were assigned into four groups： normal group， model group， prednisone acetate group， and Baofeikang granules group. The rat model of interstitial lung fibrosis was established by tracheal instillation of bleomycin. After 21 days of gavage， the lung tissues of rats were stained with hemotoxylin and eosin （HE） for the observation of morphological changes， and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K） and protein kinase B （Akt） were detected via immunohistochemical （IHC） staining. ResultBased on network pharmacology， 18 key targets of Baofeikang granules were identified for the treatment of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis， including Akt1， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） 1， myelocytomatosis oncogene （MYC）， hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）， cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A （CDKN1A）， epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， and Runt-related transcription factor （RUNX2）. KEGG pathway enrichment predicted that Baofeikang granules exerted anti-fibrotic effect mainly through PI3K/Akt， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， and interleukin-17 （IL-17） signaling pathways. The IHC results in animal experiment showed that the protein levels of PI3K and Akt were lower in the Baofeikang granules group than in the model group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionBaofeikang granules has low toxicity， multiple targets， and multiple pathways in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. It may alleviate pulmonary fibrosis through regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， so as to improve the lung function.

Objective:To provide theoretical reference for the construction of effective prevention and control strategies. The study deeply investigates the impact of traumatic birth events on compassion fatigue and inner feelings of midwives.Methods:Fifteen midwives from five tertiary hospitals in Guangzhou were interviewed in depth by semi-structured interview method from April to June 2021. Colaizzi analysis and Nvivo12 plus software were used to analyze and integrate the data and extract themes.Results:Three main themes were extracted, including the characteristics of traumatic birth events (high incidence, sudden and dangerous, preventable and controllable); exacerbating compassion fatigue (reducing compassion satisfaction levels; exacerbating burnout; and aggravating traumatic stress responses); and exploring effective coping strategies (time required for adjustment, seeking stress release).Conclusions:As a strong stressor, traumatic birth events aggravate the symptoms of compassion fatigue in midwives. Managers should pay attention to the occupational exposure of traumatic childbirth events, actively guide midwives to make psychological adjustments. In addition, managers can increase social support and strengthen the ideological and political education of midwives, so that they have good stress tolerance and excellent professional psychological quality.

Aortic dissection is a catastrophic cardiovascular disease with a high mortality rate. The healthy behavior of patients with aortic dissection plays an important role in the outcome, and patients must pay attention to the management of healthy behavior outside the hospital. This article reviews the influencing factors and intervention strategies of the health promotion behaviors of patients with aortic dissection, and proposes suggestions for intervention programs to improve the management of patients ' health behaviors, so as to provide a reference for related research on health behavior management of patients with aortic dissections.