Objective:To evaluate the effect of propofol on parvalbumin (PV) neurons in the medical prefrontal cortex(mPFC)of rats with social behavior disorders induced by chronic sleep deprivation.Methods:Forty-two SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8 weeks, weighing 200-250 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=14 each) using a random number table method: control group (group Con), chronic sleep deprivation plus natural sleep group (group CSD+ NS), and chronic sleep deprivation plus propofol group (group CSD+ Pro). Sleep deprivation model was established by the modified multiple platform method, the rats were placed in the sleep-deprivation tank for 20 h a day (14: 00-10: 00), and allowed to sleep naturally for 4 h (10: 00-14: 00) a day for 28 consecutive days. Propofol 40 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected for 28 consecutive days after sleep deprivation in CSD+ Pro group. While the equal volume of 10% fat emulsion was given in Con and CSD+ NS groups. After the end of sleep deprivation, a three-box social experiment was used to detect the social behavior of rats, and the number of the PV positive cells and density of the perineuronal network (PNN) in the mPFC area were measured by immunofluorescence. Results:Compared with group Con, the pertentage of rapid eye movement sleep and sniffing time preference coefficients for the strange rat 1 in the first stage and for the strange rat 2 in the second stage were significantly decreased, and the number of the PV positive cells and density of PNN in the mPFC area were decreased in group CSD+ NS ( P<0.05). Compared with group CSD+ NS, the sniffing time preference coefficients for the strange rat 1 in the first stage and for the strange rat 2 in the second stage were significantly increased, the number of the PV positive cells and density of PNN in the mPFC area were increased( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the percentage of the rapid eye movement sleep in group CSD+ Pro. Conclusions:Propofol probably increases the number and function of PV neurons in the mPFC and ameliorates sleep deprivation-induced social behavior disorders in sleep-deprived rats.

Phosphatase and tensin-homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is an important cancer suppressor gene. Its pathogenic mutation leads to PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), a rare syndrome also known as Cowden syndrome, which is relevant to early-onset hereditary breast cancer (BC). In this paper, we report three patients with unilateral multicentric BC and synchronous and metachronous bilateral BC who harbored PTEN gene mutations, and summarize the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up outcomes to provide reference for management of PTEN gene mutation-related BC among the Cowden syndrome population.

Objective:To investigate the role of dopamine receptors in the central amygdala (CeA) in reduction of the anxiety level by propofol in a mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Methods:Fifty-six SPF healthy adult male C57BL/6 mice, aged 10 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 7 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: control group (C group), PTSD group (P group), PTSD+ propofol group (PP group), PTSD+ fat emulsion group (PF group), PTSD+ propofol+ normal saline group (PPN group), PTSD+ propofol+ dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) antagonist group (PP+ DRD1-Ant group), and PTSD+ propofol+ DRD2 antagonist group (PP+ DRD2-Ant group). The PTSD model was developed by continuous plantar electric shock for 3 days. Propofol 120 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected after successful establishment of the model in PP group, and the equal volume of fat emulsion was intraperitoneally injected in PF group. In PPN group, PP+ DRD1-Ant group and PP+ DRD2-Ant group, the equal volume of normal saline, DRD1 antagonist hydrochloride and DRD2 antagonist eticlopride hydrochloride were injected in bilateral CeA regions, respectively, 30 min later the efficacy of drugs reached the peak, and then propofol 120 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected. The anxiety levels were measured at 4 h (T 1) and day 3 after propofol injection (T 2) by the open field test and elevated cross maze test. Results:Compared with C group, the time spent entering the open and central areas was significantly shortened at T 1, 2, and the number of entering the open and central areas was decreased at T 1, 2 in P group ( P<0.001). Compared with P group, the time spent entering the open and central areas was significantly prolonged at T 1, the number of entering the open and central areas was increased at T 1 ( P<0.001), and no significant change was found at T 2 in PP group ( P>0.05), and no significant change was found in the aforementioned parameters at T 1, 2 in PF group ( P>0.05). Compared with PPN group, the time spent entering the open and central areas was significantly shortened at T 1, and the number of entering the open and central areas was decreased at T 1 in PP+ DRD2-Ant group ( P<0.001), and no significant change was found at T 1 in PP+ DRD1-Ant group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Activation of DRD2 in the CeA is involved in the process by which propofol reduces the anxiety level of mice with PTSD.

Objective:To compare the effects of desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia on the sleep quality of sleep-deprived mice.Methods:Thirty-two clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 10 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) by the random number table method: control group (C group), sleep deprivation group (SD group), sleep deprivation+ sevoflurane group (SD+ SEV group), and sleep deprivation+ desflurane group (SD+ DES group). In the four groups, EEG-EMG electrodes were implanted for recording EEG and EMG, and sleep deprivation model was developed by the gentle stimulation method with a brush for 12 h (6: 00-18: 00) after 7 days of adaptation. The 6 h after sleep deprivation was divided into 2 time periods: T 1 period (18: 00-20: 00) and T 2 period (20: 00-24: 00). T 1 period In SD group, mice were allowed ad libitum recovery sleep after sleep deprivation. C group and SD group were exposed to 60% oxygen 1.5 L/min. In SD+ DES group and SD+ SEV group, mice were exposed to 6% desflurane and 2.5% sevoflurane, respectively, for 2 h in 60% oxygen 1.5 L/min following sleep deprivation. T 2 period Four groups were allowed ad libitum recovery sleep with the EEG-EMG signal recording. The percentages and number of wakefulness time, rapid eye movement time and non-rapid eye movement time during each time period were calculated using Lunion Data software. Results:Compared with C group, the percentage of non-rapid eye movement time and the percentage of rapid eye movement time were significantly decreased, and the percentage of wakefulness time was increased during 12 h sleep deprivation in SD group, SD+ SEV group and SD+ DES group ( P<0.05). Compared with T 1 period, the percentage of non-rapid eye movement time was significantly increased, and the percentage of wakefulness time and percentage of rapid eye movement time were decreased in T 2 period in SD group ( P<0.05). Compared with SD group, the percentage of non-rapid eye movement time and percentage of rapid eye movement time were significantly decreased, and the percentage of wakefulness time was increased in T 2 period in SD+ SEV group and SD+ DES group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of non-rapid eye movement, rapid eye movement and wakefulness time in T 2 period between SD+ SEV group and SD+ DES group ( P>0.05). Compared with SD+ SEV group, the number of non-rapid eye movement in T 2 period was significantly reduced in SD+ DES group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The effect of desflurane anesthesia in improving sleep quality is better than sevoflurane anesthesia in sleep-deprived mice.

Objective:To evaluate the role of activation of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) neurons in vagal nodose ganglion in dexmedetomidine-caused bradycardia in mice.Methods:Ninety-six SPF healthy male VGLUT2-cre mice, aged 10 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 6 groups ( n=16 each) by the random number table method: normal saline control group (NS group), dexmedetomidine group (Dex group), viral control + chemogenetic control + dexmedetomidine group (eGFP-NS+ Dex group), viral transfection + chemogenetic control + dexmedetomidine group (hM4Di-NS+ Dex group), viral control + chemogenetic inhibition + dexmedetomidine group (eGFP-CNO+ Dex group) and viral transfection + chemogenetic inhibition + dexmedetomidine group (hM4Di-CNO+ Dex group). Dexmedetomidine 100 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in Dex group. The equal volume of normal saline was intraperitoneally injected in NS group. AAV2/9-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di-eGFP was injected in the right nodose ganglion in hM4Di-NS+ Dex group and hM4Di-CNO+ Dex group, and AAV2/9-hSyn-DIO-eGFP was injected in the right nodose ganglion in eGFP-NS+ Dex group and eGFP-CNO+ Dex group, allowing the virus expression for 21 days. On the 22nd day after virus injection, clozapine-n-oxide (CNO) 5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected in hM4Di-CNO+ Dex group and eGFP-CNO+ Dex group, the equal volume of normal saline was intraperitoneally injected in hM4Di-NS+ Dex group and eGFP-NS+ Dex group, 1 h later the efficacy of CNO reached the peak, and then dexmedetomidine 100 μg/kg was intraperitoneally injected. The respiratory rate, heart rate, SpO 2 and discharge frequency of the right vagal nodose ganglion were synchronously measured by multi-channel electrophysiology in vivo. The expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) and VGLUT2 and co-expression of pERK and VGLUT2 in the right vagal nodose ganglion were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Results:Compared with NS group, the percentage of heart rate variation and neuron firing frequency after administration were significantly increased, and pERK expression was up-regulated in the other five groups ( P<0.05). Compared with Dex group, the percentage of heart rate variation and neuron firing frequency after administration were significantly decreased, and pERK expression was down-regulated in hM4Di-CNO+ Dex group, and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in hM4Di-NS+ Dex group, eGFP-NS+ Dex group and eGFP-CNO+ Dex group ( P>0.05). Compared with hM4Di-CNO+ Dex group, the percentage of heart rate variation and neuron firing frequency after administration were significantly increased, and pERK expression was up-regulated in eGFP-CNO+ Dex group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of respiratory variation and SpO 2 among the six groups ( P>0.05). The expression of VGLUT2-positive neurons was abundant in nodose ganglia, and the co-expression rate of pERK and VGLUT2 was nearly 90%. The co-expression rate of pERK and VGLUT2 decreased to about 30% after inhibition of VGLUT2 neurons in ganglion. Conclusions:The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine causes bradycardia is associated with activation of VGLUT2 neurons in vagal nodose ganglia in mice.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of different drying methods on the index components in wine-processed Cornus officinalis so as to optimize drying method.METHODS After processed with wine， C. officinalis decoction pieces were dried with different drying methods （blast drying， far infrared drying， microwave drying， freeze drying， sun drying， shade drying and combined drying）. The contents of 5 components such as gallic acid in wine-processed C. officinalis were determined by high- performance liquid chromatography. The contents of total flavonoids in wine-processed C. officinalis were determined by chromogenic method. Analytic hierarchy process was used to evaluate the effects of different drying methods on the contents of components in C. officinalis.RESULTS The contents of gallic acid， 5-hydroxymethylfurfural， monoside， loganin， cornuside and total flavonoids in 22 batches of wine-processed C. officinalis were 1.043 8-1.563 8， 0.648 5-2.358 8， 5.031 0-10.305 7， 6.681 2- 7.534 2， 0.986 5-1.148 8 and 33.657 2-50.741 5 mg/g， respectively. The comprehensive scoring results of analytic hierarchy process showed that the comprehensive score of each component in C. officinalis dried by microwave at 75 ℃ was higher ， followed by blast drying at 60 ℃ and far infrared drying at 60 ℃ .CONCLUSIONS The wine-processed C. officinalis could be dried by microwave drying at 75 ℃， blast drying at 60 ℃ or far infrared drying at 60 ℃.

Objective:To study the effect of insulin intraperitoneal injection on abnormal blood lipid intype 2 diabetic KKAy mice.Methods:Type 2 diabetic mice model was established by feeding high fat and high sugar diet. KKAy model mice were randomly divided into intraperitoneal injection group ( n=6), subcutaneous injection group ( n=6) and no-treatment group ( n=3). At the same time, healthy C57BL/6J mice were selected as normal group ( n=6), and healthy KKAy mice as disease-free group ( n=6). The treatment process was divided into two stages. The first stage consists of 6 weeks, in which the mice in the intraperitoneal and subcutaneous groups were treated with insulin intraperitoneally and subcutaneously respectively. The second stage consists of 4 weeks, in which the mice in intraperitoneal and subcutaneous groups were subcutaneously injected with insulin. The mice in the remaining 3 groups were not treated. The changes of related indicators were detected every two weeks, including body weight, fasting blood sugar, 2 hours after meal blood sugar, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Results:Changing the injection solution in the medium term of the treatment had no effect on the body mass and blood sugar of KKAy mice with type 2 diabetes. Under this condition, the effect of intraperitoneal injection of insulin on HDL-C and LDL-C is significantly better than that of subcutaneous injection. Besides, both injection solutions are effective in regulating TG, but the effect of reducing total cholesterol is not obvious.Conclusions:The intraperitoneal injection of insulin has a certain effect on the blood lipid abnormality of type 2 diabetic KKAy mice. It can promote the increase of HDL-C, the decrease of LDL-C, and the decrease of TG.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience and efficacy of surgical treatment for Stanford type A aortic dissection leading to acute lower limb ischemia.Methods From January 2014 to January 2018,12 patients with severe lower limb ischemia caused by acute type A aortic dissection were treated with Suns surgery.Among them,11 patients were treated with restoration of lower limb blood supply preferentially,including 10 cases of femoral artery bypass and 1 case of abdominal aorta-iliac artery stent graft implantation.Another case was treated with ascending aorta-femoral artery bypass after Sung surgery.Results 3 cases died of ischemia and necrosis of the lower extremities.Two of them died of multiple organ failure due to amputation and one died of low cardiac output due to refractory acidosis.Acute renal failure performed bedside CRRT in 5 patients and ECMO in 1 patient.The remaining 9 patients were discharged from the hospital and the symptoms of lower limb ischemia disappeared.After an average follow-up of 23 months,the re-examination of the aorta CTA showed that the bypass artery was unobstructed and the distal femoral artery was well developed.One patient infecting vascular prosthesis was cured by taking out the unit.Conclusion For acute lower limb ischemia caused by type A aortic dissection,blood flow of lower extremities should be restored as soon as possible to reduce mortality and complications.Femoral artery bypass and abdominal aorta-iliac arterial repair are simple and effective in reconstructing lower limb blood supply.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-gingivitis efficacy of a novel stabilized stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice. Methods: A randomized, controlled and double blind clinical study was conducted. 156 adults with gingivitis were enrolled and randomly assigned to experimental group(group of novel stabilized stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice, n = 51), positive control group (group of Yunnan Baiyao dentifrice, n = 54) and negative control group (group of Crest dentifrice, n = 51). Gingival health was assessed using Mazza Modification of the Papillary Bleeding Index(Mazza GI) at Baseline, day 3 and week 4 and pocket depth was evaluated at baseline and week 4, respectively. Results: At day 3 and week 4, the experimental and positive control groups exhibited lower clinical parameters than the negative control group(P＜ 0. 000 1). At week 4, the mean Mazza GI scores and PD of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the positive control group(P＜ 0. 05). Conclusion: The novel stannous-containing sodium fluoride dentifrice has anti-gingivitis efficacy.

Objective To explore the medication rules of Professor Gao Zhongying in treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis on basis of his curative prescriptions.Method Prof.Gao Zhongying clinic medical records were used as data resource.Database was built by using Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (Version 2.5).The core combination and assocical rules among the drugs were confirmed by frequency analysis and assocical rules analysis methods.Results We collected 60 clinical formulas including 83 kinds of Chinese herbs.The bighest frequency used simply drugs were Fritilariae Thunbergh Bulbus,Trichosanthis radix,Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum and so on.The most frequency drug combination were Fritilariae Thunbergh Bulbus,Trichosanthis radix,Fritilariae Thunbergh Bulbus,Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum,Trichosanthis radix,Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum,Fritilariae Thunbergh Bulbus,Curcumae Rhizoma and so on.The drug association rules of drug combination were 447 items.Conclusions The medication rules embodied the thoughts of Professor Gao Zhongying of replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen and regulating the stomach to moisten dryness was the main method in treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis and deficiency of spleen and dryness of stomach,which was the key pathogenesis in occurrence and development of chronic atrophic gastritis.