In recent years, China has been facing the dual challenges of declining fertility rates and births, with male reproductive health issues, especially the decline in semen quality, identified as a pivotal contributor to this phenomenon. Meanwhile, accumulating evidence indicates that air pollutants, an increasingly severe environmental problem, can damage semen quality not only directly through their biological toxicity but also indirectly by disrupting the composition of microbial communities in the gut and semen, thereby dysregulating immune function, endocrine homeostasis, and oxidative stress responses. The gut microbiota and semen microbiota, as important components of the human microecosystem, play crucial roles in maintaining reproductive health. This article comprehensively reviewed the research progress on the potential effects of air pollutants (particulate matter and gaseous pollutants), gut microbiota, and semen microbiota on semen quality. Specifically, it elucidated the mechanisms of interaction between these factors and explored how they affect male fertility.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium hyaluronate gel in preventing adhesion after prophylactic enterostomy.Methods:One hundred and twenty four patients from 6 hospitals were enrolled in this prospective multi-center randomized controlled trial. Patients were randomized into the study group ( n=59) or the control group ( n=65).All patients underwent prophylactic enterostomy. Patients of study group received odium hyaluronate gel for adhesion-prevention,while those in control group did not receive any adhesion-prevention treatment. The incidence of moderate to severe adhesion around the incision in the stoma area were evalutated during stoma reduction surgery. Results:The incidence of moderate to severe adhesion around the incision in the stoma area was 6.3% in the study group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05) compared to that of the control group (32.6%). Conclusion:Sodium hyaluronate gel can safely and effectively reduce the incidence of moderate and severe adhesions after abdominal surgery.

Objective:To analyze the incidence and prognosis of epilepsy in frontotemporal lobe glioma.Methods:The clinical data of 208 patients with frontotemporal lobe gliomas in Sanbo Brain Hospital Capital Medical University from 2019 to 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system, the incidence of epilepsy, Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score, and Engel Outcome Scale of patients with different grades of tumors were calculated.Results:Among all the patients with frontotemporal lobe gliomas, there was more males than females, and it was more common in the 40 -59 age group. The incidence of epilepsy associated with WHO grade Ⅰand Ⅱ glioma was 100.0% (33/33) and 60.9% (14/23), respectively, while that of WHO grade Ⅳ glioma was 19.0%(19/100). The average follow-up time was (22 ± 9) months. During the follow-up period, the incidence of WHO grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ glioma-related epilepsy decreased significantly. There was no significant difference in the incidence of glioma-related epilepsy between the total and subtotal resection groups ( P>0.05). There was no statistical correlation between the side of tumor occurrence and the occurrence of epilepsy ( P>0.05), also between the gene phenotype and the occurrence of epilepsy ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the Engel Outcome Scale among different grades of gliomas ( P>0.05). The prognosis of patients with Engel Outcome Scale Class 1 was significantly better than that of other grades. Conclusions:The incidence of glioma-related epilepsy is negatively correlated with tumor grade. Age and sex are risk factors for glioma-related epilepsy. The incidence of postoperative epilepsy in patients with low grade glioma is significantly lower than that in patients with high grade glioma, and the prognosis is better. However, there is no significant difference in the Engel Outcome Scale among different grades of gliomas.

Abstract：Objective To evaluate the basic development status of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2022, analyze the distribution and characteristics of these emergencies, as to provide important scientific basis for the study and formulation of economic health development planning policies, for the health security policies and infectious disease prevention and control strategies in Hainan Province. Methods The relevant statistical data of public health emergencies involving infectious diseases reported in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2022 were collected, and the status quo of these emergencies was analyzed by using descriptive data statistical analysis method. The ARIMA model was used to predict the number of public health emergencies reported by infectious diseases in Hainan Province from 2023 to 2025. Results From 2013 to 2022, a total of 482 public health emergencies were reported in Hainan Province, of which 426 were infectious disease public health emergencies, accounting for 88.38%, with a total of 8 876 cases, an incidence rate of 0.61%, and eight deaths, a case fatality rate of 0.09%. The major public health emergencies of infectious diseases were unclassified events and general events, accounting for 69.25% and 29.58%, respectively. The main diseases were novel coronavirus infection, chickenpox and hand, foot and mouth disease, accounting for 45.07%, 15.49% and 11.97%, respectively; in terms of time distribution, the number of reported incidents showed an upward trend over time, with a decline in 2021, and mainly had three peak periods, April, August and December, with a total of 220 cases reported; in terms of regional distribution, the major cities and counties reported were Haikou, Wanning and Wenchang, accounting for 27.46%, 19.25% and 9.86%, respectively; in terms of location distribution, the events mainly occurred in schools, accounting for 42.02% of the total number of incidents. The ARIMA(1, 1, 0) model was used to predict infectious disease public health emergencies, and the results showed that the forecast state would be stable from 2023 to 2025, with no obvious upward trend, that is, the fluctuation range of public health emergencies related to infectious diseases in Hainan Province would be stable in the next three years. Conclusion The number of infectious disease public health emergencies reported in Hainan Province from 2013 to 2022 has increased year by year, with a decline in 2021. Although the forecast shows that public health emergencies such as infectious diseases are relatively stable with no obvious upward trend, the prevention and control of the epidemic should not be taken lightly. Hainan Province should continue to increase the investment in monitoring public health emergencies, improve the information system of public disease prevention and control, and carry out real-time monitoring of public health emergencies of infectious diseases.

Objective To investigate the biological role of LINC01614 in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and its drug resistance-related mechanism. Methods The CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to construct the A549 cell model with knockdown of LINC01614. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on A549 cells knocked down with LINC01614. We validated the transcriptomic differential genes MCAM and ABCC3 at the gene level and MCAM at the protein level, detected the IC₅₀ changes of A549 cells after knockdown of LINC01614 under the effect of different concentrations of cisplatin, and detected the effect of knockdown of LINC01614 on the migration ability of A549 cells. Results Of the 2 713 DEGs after knockdown of LINC01614, a total of 1 626 genes were up-regulated and 1, 087 genes were down-regulated. GO analysis showed that DEGs were associated with intracellular signaling, cell adhesion, and so on. Meanwhile, the KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were associated with the Wnt signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, and Rap1 signaling pathway. Selection of drug resistance-associated gene ABCC3 from DEGs for validation with MCAM: qRT-PCR results showed that knockdown of LINC01614 significantly down-regulated the expression of MCAM (P<0.05) and upregulated the expression of ABCC3 on A549 cells (P<0.05). After knockdown of LINC01614, the protein expression of MCAM, was significantly decreased in A549 cells (P<0.05); the IC₅₀ of A549 cells to cisplatin was significantly increased (P<0.05); and the scratch healing rate of A549 cells was also significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion LINC01614 may be associated with the proliferation, invasion, and apoptotic pathways of A549 cells. In addition, LINC01614 may exert its migration ability through MCAM and chemoresistance to cisplatin through ABCC3.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma(MPM) is a kind of rare and aggressive malignant neoplasm. Surgery plays one of the most important roles in the treatment of MPM. However, due to the high morbidity and mortality reported, the survival benefit and indication of surgery are still controversial. This article will review the surgical indications, discuss and compare the roles of extrapleural pneumonectomy(EPP) and pleurectomy / decortication(P/D) which aim to achieve macroscopic complete resection(MCR) in the treatment of MPM. Finally, we summarized the progress of other treatment methods including targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

Objective:To explore the sex-based heterogeneity in demographic and pathological trends of lung cancer during the past 30 years.Methods:Patients with primary lung cancer who received surgical treatment in the Department of thoracic surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Tongji University from 1989 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The differences between male and female patients in age, smoking history, pathological stage and type were compared. Mann- Kendall trend test was performed for trend analysis. Results:A total of 58 433 patients were included in this study, encompassing 30 729(52.6%) men and 27 , 704(47.4%) women. Compared with male patients, female patients were younger(56.0 years old vs. 59.7 years old), and had a higher proportion of non-smokers(98.3% vs. 52.3%), stage Ⅰ lung cancers(60.6% vs. 49.3%), and adenocarcinoma(93.7% vs. 56.1%, all P-values <0.001). Trend analyses revealed that the proportion of female patients increased year by year, and surpassed males in 2015, with the current ratio of male to female being 1∶1.5. After 2013, the age of onset in females was getting younger, and the average age decreased from 58.7 years old to 54.7 years old( P=0.02). The decrease in the proportion of smoking patients was mainly reflected by male patients(from 68.5% to 31.1%, P<0.01). Stage Ⅰ lung cancers in male and females outnumbered advanced stage in 2012 and 2010, respectively, with a much higher proportion in female patients. Among male patients, adenocarcinoma has replaced squamous cell carcinoma as the most common pathological type since 2012, while in female patients adenocarcinoma remained the most common pathological type of lung cancer, and its proportion continued to increase reaching over 98%. Conclusion:A dramatic change in gender distribution was noticed during the past 30 years. Female patients became the primary population in surgically-treated lung cancers, with a trend of getting younger. The proportion of smokers and squamous cell carcinoma decreased significantly in male patients, and adenocarcinoma has become the most common pathological type of lung cancer. The proportion of stage Ⅰ lung cancers was on a dramatic rise, with the popularization of CT screening for lung cancer.

Objective:To investigate the effects of critical care chest ultrasonic examination(CCUE)on different fluid management phases among septic shock infants in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).Methods:Twenty-two infants who were hospitalized in PICU during January 2017 to December 2018 and diagnosed as septic shock were included in this study.These infants received shock and infection management as well as mechanical ventilation according to the septic shock management guidelines.CCUE was applied as needed to monitor the hemodynamic status for titrated adjustment in fluid and vasoactive drug management and its impacts were evaluated.Results:The change frequencies of treatment regimen according to CCUE evaluation were different among different phases( P<0.001). Compared with the other 3 phases, the number of adjustment made to fluid management scheme caused by CCUE during the first phase was the largest(75.0%, P<0.001), and that during the fourth phase was the smallest(2.3%, P<0.01). The frequency of change during the second phase(30.5%) and the third phase(23.5%) showed no difference( P=0.210). During the first phase, compared with the group with intravenous infusion speed<10 mL/(kg·h), the group with faster intravenous infusion speed had lower LUS score and more proportion of LVEF and RVEF above 50%( P<0.05). During the second phase and the third phase, compared with group receiving slower intravenous infusion, group with faster intravenous infusion had more LVEF>50%( P<0.05). Conclusion:Application of CCUE to monitor dynamic hemodynamic of infants with septic shock in PICU has different effects on fluid management scheme adjustment at different phase.CCUE evaluation during the early 3 phases, especially during the first phase has greater influence on fluid management strategy.Rapid infusion under CCUE monitoring is often limited by cardiac ejection fraction, LUS, and mainly LVEF, especially during the first phase.Multiple ultrasonic indicators should be combined with clinical data for full evaluation.

The incidence rate of lung cancer is one of the highest incidence of malignancies in China. The gold standard for diagnosis requires pathological examination or cytological examination of biopsy. The invasive and sensitive nature of the two limits their use. Sputum contains a large number of nucleic acids and proteins, which is a good reflection of lung function. Lung cancer tissue will also affect the biological components in sputum. The detection of bioactive substances in sputum can contribute to the diagnosis of lung cancer. Based on the current research results at home and abroad, this paper reviews the bioactive substances in sputum that can be used for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Biopsy ; China ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Sputum

Objective: To investigate the effects of critical care chest ultrasonic examination (CCUE) by intensive care physician on fluid management among septic shock patients in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods: Forty children from PICU who were diagnosed as septic shock in Shenzhen Bao′an Maternal and Child Health Hospital were included in this study.Twenty-two of them who were hospitalized in PICU during January 2017 to December 2018, under the care of 4 PICU physicians who had certificates of the Chinese Critical Ultrasound Study Group(CCUSG) were defined as CCUE group.Eighteen PICU patients from January 2014 to December 2015 having no access to CCUE were recruited as control group.Both groups were treated according to the septic shock management guidelines with routine anti-shock and anti-infection therapy, as well as mechanical ventilation.Fluid management following conventional protocol was performed in the control group.While in the CCUE group, CCUE was applied to monitor the hemodynamic status for adjustment in fluid management. Results: Compared with the control group, the CCUE group had shorter mechanical ventilation time as well as less fluid intake and output within 48 hours after admission[(4.68±2.06)d vs.(7.33±0.49)d, (6.34±1.85)ml/(kg·h) vs.(8.55±0.39) ml/(kg·h), (2.47±1.22)ml/(kg·h) vs.(6.18±1.72)ml/(kg·h)] (P<0.05). The CCUE group also had a more positive fluid balance and larger dosage of midazolam and fentanyl administration[(3.87±2.33)ml/(kg·h) vs.(2.37±2.10)ml/(kg·h), (5.62±2.39)μg/(kg·min) vs.(1.68±0.82)μg/(kg·min), (1.41±0.39)μg/(kg·h) vs.(0.95±0.56)μg/(kg·h)] (P<0.05). The two groups showed no differences in vasoactive-inotropic score within 48 h(11.11±6.08 vs.9.90±4.12), dosage of furosemide[(1.07±0.52)mg/(kg.d) vs.(0.94±0.15)mg/(kg·d)], length of PICU stay[(10.73±7.48)d vs.(10.00±2.91)d], intubation rate after 1 hour of volume resuscitation[54.5%(12/22)vs.33.33%(6/18)] or mortality[8.3%(2/24)vs.5.3%(1/19)] (P>0.05). Conclusion Application of CCUE helps to optimize fluid management and shorten the ventilation time among children with septic shock in PICU.