Aims: The aim of this study was to identify an isolate B, an exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing lactic acid bacteria and determine the fermentation time effect on EPS production. Methodology and results: Isolate B, an EPS producer, was isolated from peanut milk containing commercial sugar, which was fermented spontaneously for 24 h. Isolate B was identified biochemically using API 50 CH and molecularly based on 16S rDNA. The effect of fermentation time on EPS production by isolate B with variations of the fermentation time were 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h. Isolate B was able to produce EPS qualitatively by producing mucoid colonies on solid media containing sucrose. The identification revealed that this isolate was Weissella confusa both biochemically using API 50 CH and molecularly based on 16S rDNA sequence homology-based method. The fermentation time significantly affected EPS production (P<0.05). Isolate B (W. confusa) produced the highest EPS (10.41 g/L) at 36 h with a cell viability of 6.5 × 108 CFU/mL. Furthermore, the FTIR results of EPS showed absorption bands characteristic of carbohydrates, including O-H, C-H, C=O, C-O-C and α-1,6 glycosidic groups. The EPS in this study was most likely a dextran type. Conclusion, significance and impact of study The yield of EPS production was influenced by fermentation time. Results suggest that W. confusa isolated from peanut milk had a good ability for EPS production. Therefore, it can be considered further to apply this strain for the production of EPS. However, further research is required.

Unexplained acute kidney injury (AKI) in children owing to diethylene glycol (DEG) contamination during drug production has gained attention in recent years. This qualitative study investigated the effects of DEG exposure on the incidence of unknown AKI in children. A systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines was proposed to search for studies using predefined search terms in the PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science data-bases without publication date restrictions. The inclusion criteria are observational study, case study, case report, and case series design; and having provided accurate data for DEG poisoning and AKI diagnosis in children. All authors performed the study screening, data extraction, and data synthesis processes. Consensus was reached by mutual agreement. The data synthesis was conducted according to the DEG and unexplained AKI in children by examining the statistical data using Microsoft Excel 2017 and storing the data using the cloud service of Universitas Islam Indonesia. Of the 115 included studies, 21 met the inclusion criteria, including 2 case-control studies, 1 cross-sectional study, 4 case studies, and 14 case reports. DEG-contaminated paracetamol caused unexplained AKI in children. Other drugs including cough expectorants, antihistamines, and sedatives were administered. Chemicals other than DEG, such as propylene glycol and ethylene glycol, also induce AKI owing to overprescription and unintentional exposure. A recent epidemic of unexplained AKI showed contaminated paracetamol as the poisoning agent regardless of formula.

As an endocrine disruptor chemical, pesticide exposure may affect the regulation of growth hormones such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). A few current studies to date have noted that long-term pesticide exposure disrupted IGF-1, a potential risk of stunting in children. This study aims to evaluate studies to date of the effect of pesticide exposure on stunting incidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA (Pre-ferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The PubMed and EBSCO databases were searched for relevant articles without publication restrictions. This review aimed to include reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCT), and cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies, which provide actual exposure types of pesticides with stunting measurement by height-age z score. A screening, extraction, and synthesis were conducted, leading to a consensus for reaching mutual agreement. The analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2017 for the screening and extraction, Revman version 5.4 software for the meta-analysis, and OpenMEE software for the meta-regression. Of the 13 studies subjected to the qualitative analysis, 6 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis: 2 reviews, 2 RCTs, 2 cohorts, 2 case-control, and 5 cross-sectional studies. Exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides was not associated with stunting (P=0.78; odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–1.88). Heterogeneity existed for 79% of the meta-analysis (P≤0.000; z=-5.37; 95% CI, -0.034 to -0.016), and the meta-regression identified age as the causative covariate. Pesticide exposure, regardless of type, is not associated with stunting in children.

Unexplained acute kidney injury (AKI) in children owing to diethylene glycol (DEG) contamination during drug production has gained attention in recent years. This qualitative study investigated the effects of DEG exposure on the incidence of unknown AKI in children. A systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines was proposed to search for studies using predefined search terms in the PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science data-bases without publication date restrictions. The inclusion criteria are observational study, case study, case report, and case series design; and having provided accurate data for DEG poisoning and AKI diagnosis in children. All authors performed the study screening, data extraction, and data synthesis processes. Consensus was reached by mutual agreement. The data synthesis was conducted according to the DEG and unexplained AKI in children by examining the statistical data using Microsoft Excel 2017 and storing the data using the cloud service of Universitas Islam Indonesia. Of the 115 included studies, 21 met the inclusion criteria, including 2 case-control studies, 1 cross-sectional study, 4 case studies, and 14 case reports. DEG-contaminated paracetamol caused unexplained AKI in children. Other drugs including cough expectorants, antihistamines, and sedatives were administered. Chemicals other than DEG, such as propylene glycol and ethylene glycol, also induce AKI owing to overprescription and unintentional exposure. A recent epidemic of unexplained AKI showed contaminated paracetamol as the poisoning agent regardless of formula.

As an endocrine disruptor chemical, pesticide exposure may affect the regulation of growth hormones such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). A few current studies to date have noted that long-term pesticide exposure disrupted IGF-1, a potential risk of stunting in children. This study aims to evaluate studies to date of the effect of pesticide exposure on stunting incidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA (Pre-ferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The PubMed and EBSCO databases were searched for relevant articles without publication restrictions. This review aimed to include reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCT), and cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies, which provide actual exposure types of pesticides with stunting measurement by height-age z score. A screening, extraction, and synthesis were conducted, leading to a consensus for reaching mutual agreement. The analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2017 for the screening and extraction, Revman version 5.4 software for the meta-analysis, and OpenMEE software for the meta-regression. Of the 13 studies subjected to the qualitative analysis, 6 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis: 2 reviews, 2 RCTs, 2 cohorts, 2 case-control, and 5 cross-sectional studies. Exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides was not associated with stunting (P=0.78; odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–1.88). Heterogeneity existed for 79% of the meta-analysis (P≤0.000; z=-5.37; 95% CI, -0.034 to -0.016), and the meta-regression identified age as the causative covariate. Pesticide exposure, regardless of type, is not associated with stunting in children.

Unexplained acute kidney injury (AKI) in children owing to diethylene glycol (DEG) contamination during drug production has gained attention in recent years. This qualitative study investigated the effects of DEG exposure on the incidence of unknown AKI in children. A systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines was proposed to search for studies using predefined search terms in the PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science data-bases without publication date restrictions. The inclusion criteria are observational study, case study, case report, and case series design; and having provided accurate data for DEG poisoning and AKI diagnosis in children. All authors performed the study screening, data extraction, and data synthesis processes. Consensus was reached by mutual agreement. The data synthesis was conducted according to the DEG and unexplained AKI in children by examining the statistical data using Microsoft Excel 2017 and storing the data using the cloud service of Universitas Islam Indonesia. Of the 115 included studies, 21 met the inclusion criteria, including 2 case-control studies, 1 cross-sectional study, 4 case studies, and 14 case reports. DEG-contaminated paracetamol caused unexplained AKI in children. Other drugs including cough expectorants, antihistamines, and sedatives were administered. Chemicals other than DEG, such as propylene glycol and ethylene glycol, also induce AKI owing to overprescription and unintentional exposure. A recent epidemic of unexplained AKI showed contaminated paracetamol as the poisoning agent regardless of formula.

As an endocrine disruptor chemical, pesticide exposure may affect the regulation of growth hormones such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). A few current studies to date have noted that long-term pesticide exposure disrupted IGF-1, a potential risk of stunting in children. This study aims to evaluate studies to date of the effect of pesticide exposure on stunting incidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA (Pre-ferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The PubMed and EBSCO databases were searched for relevant articles without publication restrictions. This review aimed to include reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCT), and cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies, which provide actual exposure types of pesticides with stunting measurement by height-age z score. A screening, extraction, and synthesis were conducted, leading to a consensus for reaching mutual agreement. The analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2017 for the screening and extraction, Revman version 5.4 software for the meta-analysis, and OpenMEE software for the meta-regression. Of the 13 studies subjected to the qualitative analysis, 6 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis: 2 reviews, 2 RCTs, 2 cohorts, 2 case-control, and 5 cross-sectional studies. Exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides was not associated with stunting (P=0.78; odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–1.88). Heterogeneity existed for 79% of the meta-analysis (P≤0.000; z=-5.37; 95% CI, -0.034 to -0.016), and the meta-regression identified age as the causative covariate. Pesticide exposure, regardless of type, is not associated with stunting in children.

Unexplained acute kidney injury (AKI) in children owing to diethylene glycol (DEG) contamination during drug production has gained attention in recent years. This qualitative study investigated the effects of DEG exposure on the incidence of unknown AKI in children. A systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines was proposed to search for studies using predefined search terms in the PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science data-bases without publication date restrictions. The inclusion criteria are observational study, case study, case report, and case series design; and having provided accurate data for DEG poisoning and AKI diagnosis in children. All authors performed the study screening, data extraction, and data synthesis processes. Consensus was reached by mutual agreement. The data synthesis was conducted according to the DEG and unexplained AKI in children by examining the statistical data using Microsoft Excel 2017 and storing the data using the cloud service of Universitas Islam Indonesia. Of the 115 included studies, 21 met the inclusion criteria, including 2 case-control studies, 1 cross-sectional study, 4 case studies, and 14 case reports. DEG-contaminated paracetamol caused unexplained AKI in children. Other drugs including cough expectorants, antihistamines, and sedatives were administered. Chemicals other than DEG, such as propylene glycol and ethylene glycol, also induce AKI owing to overprescription and unintentional exposure. A recent epidemic of unexplained AKI showed contaminated paracetamol as the poisoning agent regardless of formula.

As an endocrine disruptor chemical, pesticide exposure may affect the regulation of growth hormones such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). A few current studies to date have noted that long-term pesticide exposure disrupted IGF-1, a potential risk of stunting in children. This study aims to evaluate studies to date of the effect of pesticide exposure on stunting incidence. This systematic review and meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA (Pre-ferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The PubMed and EBSCO databases were searched for relevant articles without publication restrictions. This review aimed to include reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCT), and cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies, which provide actual exposure types of pesticides with stunting measurement by height-age z score. A screening, extraction, and synthesis were conducted, leading to a consensus for reaching mutual agreement. The analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2017 for the screening and extraction, Revman version 5.4 software for the meta-analysis, and OpenMEE software for the meta-regression. Of the 13 studies subjected to the qualitative analysis, 6 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis: 2 reviews, 2 RCTs, 2 cohorts, 2 case-control, and 5 cross-sectional studies. Exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides was not associated with stunting (P=0.78; odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–1.88). Heterogeneity existed for 79% of the meta-analysis (P≤0.000; z=-5.37; 95% CI, -0.034 to -0.016), and the meta-regression identified age as the causative covariate. Pesticide exposure, regardless of type, is not associated with stunting in children.

Objective: To evaluate the Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) risk variants in the Pashtun ethnic population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using nascent whole-exome sequencing (WES) to better understand the pathogenesis of this complex polygenic disorder. Methodology: A total of 100 confirmed patients with T2D of Pashtun ethnicity were included in the study, DNA was extracted from whole blood samples, and paired-end libraries were prepared using the Illumina Nextera XT DNA library kit carefully following the manufacturer’s instructions. Illumina HiSeq 2000 was used to obtain sequences of the prepared libraries followed by bioinformatics data analysis. Results: A total of n=11 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were reported in the CAP10, PAX4, IRS-2, NEUROD1, CDKL1 and WFS1. Among the reported variants CAP10/rs55878652 (c.1990-7T>C; p.Leu446Pro) and CAP10/rs2975766 (c.1996A>G; p.Ile666Val) identified were novel, and have not yet been reported for any disease in the database. The variants CAP10/rs7607759 (c.1510A>G, p.Thr504Ala), PAX4/rs712701 (c.962A>C; p.His321Pro), PAX4/ rs772936097 (c.748-3delT; p.Arg325Trp), IRS-2/rs1805097 (c.3170G>A; p.Gly1057Asp), NEUROD1/rs1801262 (c.133A>G; p.Thr45Ala), CDKL1/rs77152992 (c.1226C>T; p.Pro409Leu), WFS1/rs1801212 (c.997G>A; p.Val333Ile), WFS1/rs1801208 (c.1367G>A; p.Arg456His), and WFS1/rs734312 (c.1832G>A; p.Arg611His) are previously identified in other ethnic populations. Our study reconfirms the associations of these variants with T2D in the Pakistani Pashtun population. Conclusion In-silico analysis of exome sequencing data suggests a statistically substantial association of all (n=11) identified variants with T2D in the Pashtun ethnic population. This study may serve as a foundation for performing future molecular studies aimed at unraveling T2D associated genes.
type 2 diabetes ; bioinformatics ; whole exome sequencing