Humans ; Aluminum/adverse effects* ; Pruritus/etiology* ; Skin Neoplasms ; Vaccination ; Hypersensitivity

Animals ; Cattle ; Female ; Milk Hypersensitivity/therapy* ; Consensus ; Immunoglobulin E ; Milk Proteins

Vasculitis refers to the inflammation and damage of blood vessel walls. This presents as erythematous macules or palpable purpura with a predilection for dependent parts, particularly the legs. Vesicles and bullae are less common manifestations. Vasculitis can be idiopathic or associated with infections, systemic diseases, drugs, or vaccines. Vaccine-associated vasculitis has been reported in BCG, influenza, hepatitis, and more recently, COVID-19 vaccines. However, there is limited data on the adverse events associated with rabies vaccine administration.

A 53-year-old Filipino male presented with petechiae evolving into purpura and urticarial targetoid plaques with bullae on the extremities and trunk, after administration of inactivated purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (Verorab, Sanofi Pasteur) due to a Category 3 bite. There were no mucosal lesions. Nikolsky and Asboe-Hansen signs were negative. The patient had no previous reactions to drugs or vaccines.

Histopathology results confirmed the diagnosis of vasculitis. Resolution of skin lesions was achieved with administration of intravenous steroids and oral antihistamines.

Community surveys conducted in three Philippine provinces report the incidence of animal bites at 50 injuries per 1,000 population (5 percent) per year with 45 percent of patients seeking medical treatment at animal bite treatment centers.

There is limited data on adverse events associated with rabies vaccine administration. In general, allergic reactions to vaccines are rare, occurring in approximately 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 1,000,000 doses. These reactions may be due to antigens, residual media, stabilizers, preservatives, or other excipients in the vaccine.

Rash, urticaria, and pruritus have been reported, along with injection site reactions such as erythema, edema, and pain. Fever, malaise, headaches, low mood, purpura, urticaria, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and erythema multiforme may also occur.

Adequate documentation and reporting of adverse reactions due to vaccines contributes to long-term safety studies and establishing treatment guidelines.

Humans ; Anniversaries and Special Events ; Hypersensitivity

Humans ; Dapsone/adverse effects* ; Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology* ; Hypersensitivity ; Syndrome

Food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is a potentially life-threatening disorder that often occurs with exercise, and patients typically have eaten a specific food within hours before disease onset. This disease is exceedingly rare, with a prevalence of 0.02%. No well-recognized prevention or treatment strategy has been available for FDEIA except avoiding triggers strictly. Here we report an 11-year-old boy with a history of recurrent anaphylaxis of unknown etiology more than 10 times within two years. As the anaphylactic symptoms had not been controlled after traditional treatments, the patient was given subcutaneous injection of dupilumab seven times within 33 weeks. During dupilumab treatments, the patient was exposed to culprit mushrooms plus exercises at least twice a month but without notable anaphylaxis. Thus, Dupilumab may improve the allergic reactions in FDEIA patients.
Male ; Humans ; Child ; Anaphylaxis/etiology* ; Food Hypersensitivity/diagnosis* ; Exercise-Induced Allergies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use*

Objective To investigate the preventive therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of single chain variable fragments chimeric protein (SD) of ovalbumin epitopes internalizing receptor DEC-205 antibody on food allergy in mice. Methods Mice were randomly divided to five groups (control, PBS, scFv DEC 100 μg, SD 50 μg, SD 100 μg) and treated for 24 hours before OVA administration. After challenge, the serum level of OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, IgG2a and IL-4 were detected by ELISA. Infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells in the jejunum was observed by HE staining and toluidine blue staining respectively. The bone marrow of tibia and femur was isolated and cultured to obtain immature dendritic cells(BMDCs), which were further treated with LPS (10 ng/mL), TSLP (50 ng/mL), scFv DEC protein (1000 ng/mL) and SD protein (10,100,1000)ng/mL for 24 hours, and the IL-10 level of supernatant was assayed by ELISA. Results Compared with PBS group, the number of SD-treated mice with diarrhea was markedly reduced. The difference in rectal temperature and the levels of serum OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, IgG2a and IL-4 decreased significantly after prophylactic administration of SD; The number of eosinophils and mast cells in jejunum also decreased significantly while the IL-10 level in the supernatant of BMDCs increased significantly after SD intervention. Conclusion SD mitigates experimental FA response by fosters the immune tolerance property of dendritic cells.
Mice ; Animals ; Ovalbumin ; Interleukin-10 ; Single-Chain Antibodies/genetics* ; Immunoglobulin E ; Epitopes/therapeutic use* ; Interleukin-4 ; Food Hypersensitivity/prevention & control* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Disease Models, Animal

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are the "mirror cells" of Th2 cells. Although the total cell number of ILC2s is far less than that of CD4⁺ Th2 cells in the body, the activated ILC2s have a more powerful biological activity than CD4⁺ Th2 cells and can rapidly enhanced Th2-cell inflammatory reaction. It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic respiratory diseases. The transmitters that activate ILC2s include inflammatory cytokines (IL-33, IL-25, TSLP, IL-4, IL-9), lipid transmitters (prostaglandins, leukotrienes), and other activating transmitters (ICOS, Complement C3a, neuropeptide receptor, vasoactive intestinal peptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide, etc). Activated ILC2s produce large amounts of IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, and amphiregulin and other inflammatory mediators, and induce airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus secretion and airway remodeling and other respiratory allergic reactions. Therefore, respiratory allergic diseases, especially steroid-dependent asthma, could be treated potentially by inhibiting the activation of ILC2s. Hereby, we summarized the immunobiology of ILC2s, the initiation of ILC2s in allergic inflammation, the relationship between ILC2s and respiratory allergic diseases, and the recent advances in biological agents targeted by ILC2s.
Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-9 ; Lymphocytes ; Hypersensitivity ; Cytokines ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Inflammation

Allergic rhinitis（AR） is an independent risk factor for allergic asthma. Some AR patients may have developed airway hyperresponsiveness（AHR） in the absence of asthma symptoms. In this stage, AHR is often neglected due to the absence of typical asthma symptoms. Exploring the clinically relevant risk factors for AHR in patients with AR, as well as the clinical indicators and biomarkers to predict AHR in patients with AR, is of great significance to the prevention of the occurrence of AHR and asthma. This review summarized the risk factors for the development of AHR in AR patients, and gave hints to the prevention of AHR in AR patients.
Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Respiratory Hypersensitivity ; Asthma ; Risk Factors

Humans ; Consensus ; Hypersensitivity ; Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects* ; Immunotherapy/adverse effects* ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Allergens