No abstract available.
Hyalin ; Hyaline Cartilage

BACKGROUND: In recent years, researchers discovered that menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have the potential to differentiate into a wide range of tissues including the chondrogenic lineage. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of MenSCs encapsulated in fibrin glue (FG) on healing of osteochondral defect in rabbit model. METHODS: We examined the effectiveness of MenSCs encapsulated in FG in comparison with FG alone in the repair of osteochondral defect (OCD) lesions of rabbit knees after 12 and 24 weeks. RESULTS: Macroscopical evaluation revealed that the effectiveness of MenSCs incorporation with FG is much higher than FG alone in repair of OCD defects. Indeed, histopathological evaluation of FG + MenSCs group at 12 weeks post-transplantation demonstrated that defects were filled with hyaline cartilage-like tissue with proper integration, high content of glycosaminoglycan and the existence of collagen fibers especially collagen type II, as well as by passing time (24 weeks post-transplantation), the most regenerated tissue in FG + MenSCs group was similar to hyaline cartilage with relatively good infill and integration. As the same with the result of 12 weeks post-implantation, the total point of microscopical examination in FG + MenSCs group was higher than other experimental groups, however, no significant difference was detected between groups at 24 weeks (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In summary, MenSCs as unique stem cell population, is suitable for in vivo repair of OCD defects and promising for the future clinical application.
Collagen ; Collagen Type II ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Fibrin ; Hyalin ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Knee ; Stem Cells

Osteochondral lesion is a major joint disease in humans. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the regeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, using three-dimensional constructs of autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells without any biocompatible scaffolds. Mesenchymal stromal cells were harvested by liposuction from seven pigs, isolated enzymatically, and expanded until construct creation. The pig models had two osteochondral defects (cylindrical defects with a diameter of 5.2 mm and a depth of 5 mm) in one of their patello-femoral grooves. A columnar structure consisting of approximately 770 spheroids of 5 × 10⁴ autologous mesenchymal stromal cells were implanted into one of the defects (implanted defect), while the other defect was not implanted (control). The defects were evaluated pathologically at 6 months (in three pigs) and 12 months (in five pigs) after implantation. At 6 months after surgery, histopathology revealed active endochondral ossification underneath the plump fibrocartilage in the implanted defects, but a deficiency of fibrocartilaginous coverage in the controls. At 12 months after surgery, the fibrocartilage was transforming into hyaline cartilage as thick as the surrounding normal cartilage and the subchondral bone was thickening in the implanted defects. The histological averages of the implanted sites were significantly higher than those in the control sites at both 6 and 12 months after surgery. The implantation of a scaffold-free three-dimensional construct of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells into an osteochondral defect can induce regeneration of hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone structures over a period of 12 months.
Adipose Tissue ; Cartilage ; Cartilage, Articular ; Fibrocartilage ; Humans ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Joint Diseases ; Lipectomy ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Regeneration ; Swine

PURPOSE: To report a case of orbital chondroma. CASE SUMMARY: A 15-year-old male presented with an 8-month history of left hypertropia. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. The exophthalmometry showed no exophthalmos, with 13 mm in both eyes. There was a hard palpable mass at the superonasal orbit of the left eye. Orbital computed tomography showed a heterogenous soft tissue shadow at the superonasal orbit of the left eye, and orbital magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 25 × 16 × 20 mm well-defined mass with low signal intensity in the T1-weighted image, high signal intensity in the T2-weighted image, and heterogenous enhancement in the contrast enhanced T1-weighted image. The mass was surgically removed with anterior orbitotomy. A 27 × 17 mm well-capsulated lobular mass was found, and histopathological examination revealed hyaline cartilage and chondrocyte. The mass was diagnosed as a chondroma. CONCLUSIONS: A chondroma is a benign tumor, which usually occurs in long bones and the small bones of the hands and feet. It is very rare in the facial and pelvic bones. The sites of chondroma occurring in the head and neck include the ethmoid sinus and maxilla, but it is extremely rare in the orbit.
Adolescent ; Chondrocytes ; Chondroma ; Ethmoid Sinus ; Exophthalmos ; Foot ; Hand ; Head ; Humans ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Maxilla ; Neck ; Orbit ; Pelvic Bones ; Strabismus ; Visual Acuity

Extraskeletal chondromas are benign soft tissue tumor of hyaline cartilage. These tumors are rare and the pathogenesis is unclear. They are usually involves the hand or feet. We report the case of extraskeletal chondroma arising from subungual region of the finger with nail deformity and review of the literature.
Chondroma* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Fingers ; Foot ; Hand ; Hyaline Cartilage

Idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip usually develops in adolescents and is a disease characterized by gradual degenerative changes of the hyaline cartilage surrounding the head of the femur. It eventually decreases the hip joint space and causes limitations in the hip joint range of motion due to pain. The authors had experienced an unusual case of bilateral idiopathic chondrolysis of the hip in an 54 year-old male; thus, we report the treatment results and literature reviews in this case report.
Adolescent ; Adult* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Cartilage Diseases ; Femur ; Head ; Hip Joint ; Hip* ; Humans ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Male ; Range of Motion, Articular

In this study, we developed the disc-type bio-cartilage reconstruction strategies for transplantable hyaline cartilage for reconstructive surgery using 3D-cell sheet culture of human bone marrow stromal cells and human costal chondrocytes. We compared chondrogenesis efficiency between different chondrogenic-induction methods such as micromass culture, pellet culture, and 3D-cell sheet culture. Among them, the 3D-cell sheet culture resulted in the best chondrogenesis with the disc-type bio-cartilage (>12 mm diameter in size) in vitro, but sometimes spontaneous curling and contraction of 3D-cell sheet culture resulted in the formation of bead-type cartilage, which was prevented by type I collagen coating or by culturing on amniotic membrane. Previously, it was reported that tissue-engineered cartilage reconstructed in vitro does not maintain its cartilage phenotype after transplantation but tends to transform to other tissue type such as bone or connective tissue. However, the disc-type bio-cartilage of 3D-cell sheet culture maintained its hyaline cartilage phenotype even after exposure to the osteogenic-induction condition in vitro for 3 weeks or after the transplantation for 4 weeks in mouse subcutaneous. Collectively, the disc-type bio-cartilage with 12 mm diameter can be reproducibly reconstructed by the 3D-cell sheet culture, whose hyaline cartilage phenotype and shape can be maintained under the osteogenic-induction condition as well as after the transplantation. This disc-type bio-cartilage can be proposed for the application to reconstructive surgery and repair of disc-type cartilage such as mandibular cartilage and digits.
Amnion ; Animals ; Bone Marrow* ; Cartilage ; Chondrocytes* ; Chondrogenesis ; Collagen Type I ; Connective Tissue ; Humans* ; Hyalin* ; Hyaline Cartilage* ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells* ; Mice ; Phenotype*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the outcome and complications of augmentation rhinoplasty with rib cartilage grafts.
METHODS:
Design: Retrospective study
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Subjects: Patients who underwent dorsal nasal augmentation with autologous rib cartilage grafts between June 2008 and October 2012.
RESULTS: A total of 12 patients (3 male, 9 female) were included in the study. Mean age was 29 years. Seven were cases of primary simple rhinoplasty with four cases of revision (previously using alloplastic materials) and one case of trauma. Indications for the procedure were all cosmetic. There was no incidence of infection, both in the donor and recipient sites, warping of the graft, graft extrusion, resorption, pneumothorax, chest wall deformity or prolonged edema. Post-operative pain in the donor site was relieved by oral pain medications. No revision surgery was required.
CONCLUSION: Costal cartilage is a good option for structural support of the nose. In our experience patients have become wary of the complication of allografts and have opted to use autografts. The surgeon's knowledge of the nasal anatomy as well as his or her experience with autologous grafts plays a major role in avoiding post-operative morbidity.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Rhinoplasty ; Costal Cartilage ; Nose ; Autografts ; Thoracic Wall ; Pneumothorax ; Allografts ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Ribs ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Pain, Postoperative ; Edema

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) after microfracture on the remodeling of subchondral bone and cartilage healing in a model of full-thickness articular cartilage injury in a rabbit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A full thickness articular cartilage defect of 6x3-mm-size was created in the trochlear groove of the right femur in 24 rabbits. The defect was left empty in six rabbits, and microfracture was done in 18 rabbits. After microfracture, no treatment was done in six rabbits, defect was filled with fibrin glue in six rabbits, and with fibrin glue and rhBMP-2 in six rabbits. The effect of rhBMP-2 after microfracture was evaluated based on histological analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for analysis of collagen type at 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: The score of histological grade scale of six rabbits in which the defect was filled with fibrin glue and rhBMP-2 was better than that of others and real-time PCR also showed a higher amount of collage type 1 and collage type 2 in these six rabbits. CONCLUSION: We consider that fibrin glue and rhBMP-2 after microfracture may accelerate cartilage healing in an articular cartilage defect and maybe helpful in healing the articular cartilage defect into more closely native hyaline cartilage.
Cartilage* ; Cartilage, Articular* ; Collagen ; Femur ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Humans ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Rabbits ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Intracranial chondroma is a rare benign tumor. Here, we present the case of a 29-year-old female who was afflicted with left eye blindness and ptosis. Brain computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the presence of a giant calcified mass accompanied by a solid mass in the middle and posterior fossa. A differential diagnosis regarding chordoma, chondrosarcoma, and other chondroid tumors based on radiologic information was inconclusive. The lesion was resected completely under a microscope using a combined pterional and subtemporal approach. The pathologic report confirmed the diagnosis of chondroma. No evidence of neurological worsening was observed. The tumor had a calcified mass with mature hyaline cartilage surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule. We dissected the periphery of the tumor mass and removed it via aspiration. It was readily distinguished from normal brain parenchymal tissue. The large calcified mass at the center of the tumor had relatively high vascularity, and a high-speed drill and various rongeurs were used to remove the tumor.
Adult ; Blindness ; Brain ; Chondroma* ; Chondrosarcoma ; Chordoma ; Cranial Fossa, Posterior ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hyaline Cartilage ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Skull Base Neoplasms ; Skull Base*