[Objective] To study the molecular biological mechanism for a case of ABO blood group B subtype, and perform three-dimensional modeling of the mutant enzyme. [Methods] The ABO phenotype was identified by the tube method and microcolumn gel method; the ABO gene of the proband was detected by sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSP), and the exon 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were sequenced and analyzed. Homologous modeling of Bw.03 glycosyltransferase (GT) was carried out by Modeller and analyzed by PyMOL2.5.0 software. [Results] The weakening B antigen was detected in the proband sample by forward typing, and anti-B antibody was detected by reverse typing. PCR-SSP detection showed B, O gene, and the sequencing results showed c.721 C>T mutation in exon 7 of the B gene, resulting in p. Arg 241 Trp. Compared with the wild type, the structure of Bw.03GT was partially changed, and the intermolecular force analysis showed that the original three hydrogen bonds at 241 position disappeared. [Conclusion] Blood group molecular biology examination is helpful for the accurate identification of ambiguous blood group. Homologous modeling more intuitively shows the key site for the weakening of Bw.03 GT activity. The intermolecular force analysis can explain the root cause of enzyme activity weakening.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of HIV testing and related factors among young students who had sex in Guangdong Province, in order to provide evidence for relevant education programs and HIV testing promotion in young students. Methods: From September to December 2022, a convenient sampling method was used to select 48 749 young students from 16 universities and mechanic colleges in 6 cities including Guangzhou, Shantou, Maoming, Huizhou, Dongguan, and Zhongshan in Guangdong Province for online questionnaire survey. A total of 2 971 students who ever had sexual experiences were screened out, and the HIV testing situation and related factors were investigated by using the questionnaire designed by AIDS Prevention and Education Project for College Students of China STD and AIDS Prevention Association.The influencing factors of HIV testing were analyzed using Chi square test and multiple Logistic regression model. Results: Among students who had sexual experiences, 11.92% (354/2 971) were tested for HIV. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that among young sexual students, using psychoactive substances during sexual activity in the last 1 year ( OR =7.70), having first sex with the same sex ( OR =3.87), having commercial sex ( OR =2.37), having heard of PEP ( OR =2.20), having a high level of self assessed understanding of HIV testing ( OR =1.73), inconsistent use of condoms ( OR =1.56), being aware of HIV infection ( OR =1.53), being aware of HIV knowledge ( OR =1.51) were more likely to test for HIV, and females ( OR =0.39) were less likely to test for HIV ( P < 0.05). Conclusions The proportion of HIV testing is low among sexually active young students in Guangdong Province. Targeted interventions should be tailored to promote HIV testing coverage.

Objective:To further improve the understanding of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), we retrospectively analyzed and summarized the clinical characteristics, treatment status, and survival status of patients with PNH in Zhejiang Province.Methods:This study included 289 patients with PNH who visited 20 hospitals in Zhejiang Province. Their clinical characteristics, comorbidity, laboratory test results, and medications were analyzed and summarized.Results:Among the 289 patients with PNH, 148 males and 141 females, with a median onset age of 45 (16-87) years and a peak onset age of 20-49 years (57.8% ). The median lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level was 1 142 (604-1 925) U/L. Classified by type, 70.9% (166/234) were classical, 24.4% (57/234) were PNH/bone marrow failure (BMF), and 4.7% (11/234) were subclinical. The main clinical manifestations included fatigue or weakness (80.8%, 235/289), dizziness (73.4%, 212/289), darkened urine color (66.2%, 179/272), and jaundice (46.2%, 126/270). Common comorbidities were hemoglobinuria (58.7% ), renal dysfunction (17.6% ), and thrombosis (15.0% ). Moreover, 82.3% of the patients received glucocorticoid therapy, 70.9% required blood transfusion, 30.7% used immunosuppressive agents, 13.8% received anticoagulant therapy, and 6.3% received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The 10-year overall survival (OS) rate was 84.4% (95% CI 78.0% -91.3% ) . Conclusion:Patients with PNH are more common in young and middle-aged people, with a similar incidence rate between men and women. Common clinical manifestations include fatigue, hemoglobinuria, jaundice, renal dysfunction, and recurrent thrombosis. The 10-year OS of this group is similar to reports from other centers in China.

Objective:To explore high-risk sexual behaviors of HIV/AIDS and related factors in young students in Guangzhou.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5 different types of Guangzhou colleges by convenience sampling with minimum number of classes per grade and 600 samples per school from September to November 2021. The R 4.2.2 software was used to consolidate databases. Simultaneously, a logistic regression model and a decision tree algorithm model, stratifying by whether sexual behaviors had occurred before, were constructed. In each layer, the prediction performance of the two models was evaluated through area under receiver operating characteristic and the confusion matrix, and then the model with high prediction performance was retained.Results:A total of 7 346 students were surveyed. The proportion of the respondents reporting sexual experience were 9.08% (667/7 346), in whom 26.24% (175/667) had risky sexual activity in the past year. The decision tree algorithm model performs well in predicting whether high-risk sexual behaviors have occurred in the past year. When the complexity parameter value is 0.018, and nsplit reaches 4, which means there are 5 leaf nodes in the model, the cross error of the tree will be the smallest. The first best grouping variable in the decision tree was whether to use condoms throughout the first sexual behavior. If condoms were used at their sexual debut, but homosexual practices have occurred in the past year, the probability of risky sexual behavior will increase. If homosexual practices have not occurred in the past year, but the age of sexual debut was below 18 years old while the period of HIV education was after high school, the probability of risk sexual behavior will also increase.Conclusions:AIDS-related risky behaviors of young students still deserved attention. The experience of sexual debut and whether AIDS-related health education has been received before the sexual debut were significant predictors for the occurrence of high-risk sexual behavior. The decision tree algorithm model has particular applicability for predicting and screening potential risk populations.

This article explores the application of Professor Zhou Zhongying's"focus on the core pathogenesis"concept in the con-text of epidemic hemorrhagic fever and examines how Academician Tong Xiaolin has inherited and developed Professor Zhou's experi-ences.Influenced by Professor Zhou Zhongying's academic thoughts and considering the contemporary context,Academician Tong Xia-olin,drawing on years of clinical experience,has proposed a new set of Nineteen Pathogenic Factors.Building upon the foundation of the Nineteen Pathogenic Factors in the The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic,this new framework enriches and expands the understanding of disease location,etiology and pathogenesis,disease classification,and pays attention to a comprehensive understanding of diseases.It emphasizes that the process of seeking the underlying mechanisms should be approached from three aspects:dynamic,state,and condition,rather than solely focusing on the immediate clinical manifestations.This comprehensive approach to understand-ing disease development offers a fresh perspective and contributes to the application of traditional Chinese Medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of modern diseases.

The Menghe Medical School is a highly influential academic school of Chinese medicine in China.Its academic features are mainly learning from others'strengths,openness and tolerance;integrity as the foundation,communication as the strength;harmo-ny as the way,and agility as the technique.The Menghe Medical School originated in Menghe,developed in Shanghai,spread all over the country,and spread around the world.The reasons for the prosperity and development of the Menghe Medical School are analyzed.Among them,imperial doctors being rewarded and supported,the stars having their roots in Menghe,inheritance from teach-ers by blood,help from in-laws,and the establishment of education and leadership in development are the main factors.On the basis of inheriting the scholarship of Menghe Medical School,Professor Tong Xiaolin innovatively proposed academic ideas such as the train-ing path of Xiang thinking,state-target differentiation and treatment,and dosage and effectiveness of prescriptions and medicines,pushing the academic thought of Menghe Medical School to a new theoretical peak in the new era.Based on the majestic development path of the Menghe Medical School,the implications for the inheritance,innovation and development of modern Chinese medicine are analyzed.

Objective:To explore the molecular basis for an individual with Bel subtype of the ABO blood type due to a novel c. 620T>C variant gene, and assess its impact on the structure of GTB transferase.Methods:An individual who had visited the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University on February 11, 2023 was selected as the study subject. ABO phenotyping was initially conducted with serological methods, which was followed by direct sequencing of 7 exons of the ABO gene. Subsequently, single-strand sequencing was carried out by using allele-specific primers, and the variant in the B transferase was homology-modeled using the Modeller software. The impact of the variant on the transferase′s spatial structure was analyzed with the PyMOL software. Results:The serological phenotype of the patient was identified as the Bel subtype. Direct sequencing revealed that she has harbored a novel c. 620T>C variant, resulting in a p. Leu207Pro substitution in the polypeptide chain. Combined with single-strand sequencing, her genotype was ultimately determined as ABO* BELnew/ ABO* O.01.02. Three-dimensional protein structure modeling showed that, compared with the wild type, the distance of one hydrogen bond between Proline and Glycine at position 272 has increased, along with disappearance of another hydrogen bond. Conclusion:The novel c. 620T>C (p.Leu207Pro) variant of B allele may affect the structural stability of the glycosyltransferase. The weakened enzyme activity in turn may lead to reduced B antigen expression, manifesting as the Bel subtype by serological analysis.

Objective:To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of Tangshenbao on renal damage in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats.Methods:Totally 36 SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group ( n=6) and model group ( n=30). The DN rat model was prepared by single high-dose intraperitoneal injection of STZ. According to the random number table method, the rats were divided into model group, irbesartan group and Tangshenbao low-, medium- and high-dosage groups, with 6 rats in each group. Drug intervention lasted for 8 weeks. The general condition and body weight of rats in each group were recorded. The blood glucose, kidney index, 24 h urine protein (24 h UTP), SCr and BUN levels were detected. The pathological morphology of renal tissue was observed by PAS staining and transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of Ets-1, TGF-β1, Smad2 and Smad3 in renal tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot. Results:Compared with model group, the body weight of Tangshenbao low, medium and high dose groups and irbesartan group significantly increased ( P<0.01). The kidney index decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The contents of 24 hUTP, BUN and SCr significantly decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Glomerular volume was significantly reduced ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), the mRNA expressions of Ets-1 (1.59 ± 0.06, 1.47 ± 0.04, 1.31 ± 0.03, 1.39 ± 0.03 vs. 1.64 ± 0.04), TGF-β1 (1.65 ± 0.05, 1.59 ± 0.03, 1.38 ± 0.05, 1.49 ± 0.04 vs. 1.77 ± 0.08), Smad2 (1.48 ± 0.05,1.39 ± 0.05, 1.22 ± 0.03, 1.31 ± 0.04 vs. 1.54 ± 0.05), Smad3 (1.57 ± 0.04, 1.48 ± 0.03, 1.28 ± 0.03, 1.39 ± 0.02 vs. 1.64 ± 0.05) in renal tissue of rats significantly decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), the protein expressions of Ets-1 (1.33 ± 0.32, 1.16 ± 0.38, 0.77 ± 0.06, 0.84 ± 0.06 vs. 1.97 ± 0.43), TGF-β1 ( 1.35 ± 0.14, 1.24 ± 0.22, 0.94 ± 0.13, 1.07 ± 0.06 vs. 1.63 ± 0.20), Smad2 (1.24 ± 0.26, 1.14 ± 0.31, 0.77 ± 0.28, 0.85 ± 0.19 vs. 1.72 ± 0.34) and Smad3 (1.29 ± 0.14, 1.19 ± 0.21, 0.85 ± 0.39, 0.90 ± 0.37 vs. 1.76 ± 0.21) decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:Tangshenbao can improve renal damage in DN rats, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Ets-1 expression and TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, including lung cancer. However, the exact underlying mechanism and therapeutic potential are largely unknown. Here we report that protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) is highly expressed in lung cancer and is required for cell metabolism, tumorigenicity, and cisplatin response of lung cancer. PRMT6 regulated the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux and glycolysis pathway in human lung cancer by increasing the activity of 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and α-enolase (ENO1). Furthermore, PRMT6 methylated R324 of 6PGD to enhancing its activity; while methylation at R9 and R372 of ENO1 promotes formation of active ENO1 dimers and 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG) binding to ENO1, respectively. Lastly, targeting PRMT6 blocked the oxidative PPP flux, glycolysis pathway, and tumor growth, as well as enhanced the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin in lung cancer. Together, this study demonstrates that PRMT6 acts as a post-translational modification (PTM) regulator of glucose metabolism, which leads to the pathogenesis of lung cancer. It was proven that the PRMT6-6PGD/ENO1 regulatory axis is an important determinant of carcinogenesis and may become a promising cancer therapeutic strategy.

Objective:To investigate the risk perception for risky behavior of HIV/AIDS infection among young students and to analyze the related influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 5 different types of Guangzhou colleges from September to November 2021, in which convenience sampling and a minimum number of classes per grade and 600 samples per school were used according to the national unity program. Disordered multi-classification logistic regression was used to construct a risk perception model and analyze influencing factors in different risk perception levels.Results:A total of 7 346 young students were surveyed, and most rated themselves at low risk of HIV/AIDS infections (90.58%, 6 654/7 346). A total of 89.10% (6 545/7 346) of subjects' perception of their HIV/AIDS infection risk was consistent with their risk behavior, while 10.90% (801/7 346) was inconsistent. Among those inconsistent subjects, 19.10% (153/801) showed underestimating their risk , while 80.90% (648/801) seen overestimating their risk. Disordered multi-classification logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for other factors, compared with the non-sexual group, respondents whose first sex age under 18 had a higher rate of underestimating their risk of infection ( OR=129.39, 95% CI: 73.28-228.48), as well as a higher rate of overestimated their risk of infection ( OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.04-2.99). First sexual intercourse at age 18 or older was a risk factor for underestimating risk ( OR=70.56, 95% CI: 42.72-116.53), but was not statistically associated with overestimating risk. Being female, other school type, non-heterosexual orientation, and self-rated HIV-related knowledge as fair or no knowledge were risk factors for overestimating risk but were not statistically associated with underestimating risk. Conclusions:Overall, young students in universities of Guangzhou have a good risk perception of HIV/AIDS infection. Individual factors, education factors and sexual experience will influence students' risk perception of HIV/AIDS infection. Raising the awareness rate of HIV/AIDS knowledge and delaying the age of first sexual intercourse will improve the risk perception ability of young students.