BACKGROUND:Immunosuppression leads to impaired body immune function and aggravates the disease.Herb-partitioned moxibustion can effectively regulate immune function and improve immunity in the body,but its regulatory mechanism has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE:To sequence immunosuppressed model rats treated with herb-partitioned moxibustion using bioinformatics techniques based on transcriptomics and to explore the mechanisms by which it regulates immunity. METHODS:Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups:control,model,and herb-partitioned moxibustion groups,with eight rats in each group.The model and herb-partitioned moxibustion groups were subjected to establishment of an immune suppression model by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 35 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days.No interventions were administered to the control and model groups after modeling.In contrast,the herb-partitioned moxibustion group received moxibustion treatment at Zhongwan,Shenque,Guanyuan,and Zusanli acupoints using a combination of moxa and herbal cakes,once a day,for 10 consecutive days,with samples being collected the day after the end of the intervention.Peripheral blood was collected from all groups of rats to measure their white blood cell count.RNA-seq was performed on the Illumina sequencing platform,and differentially expressed genes were selected for bioinformatics analysis using the GO and KEGG databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,the model group exhibited a significant decrease in white blood cell count(P<0.001).RNA-seq analysis identified 3 026 differentially expressed genes between the model and control groups,with 1 565 upregulated and 1 461 downregulated.There were 535 differentially expressed genes identified between the herb-partitioned moxibustion group and the model group,with 280 upregulated and 255 downregulated.The Venn diagram analysis revealed that 159 genes were downregulated in the model group compared with the control group.However,after moxibustion with herbal cakes,these genes were upregulated.Protein-protein interaction network analysis identified 10 core targets,including Oasl,Oas2,Isg15,Herc6,Mx2,Helz2,Mx1,Syk,Hspa1a,and Ret.According to GO and KEGG analyses,moxibustion with herbal cakes regulated the body through pathways related to immune response,viruses,angiogenesis,and the autoimmune system.To conclude,there is a significant association between herbal cake-separated moxibustion intervention and immune suppression targets,including Oasl,Oas2,Isg15,Herc6,Mx2,Helz2,and Mx1.The intervention exhibits regulatory effects in the pathways related to immune responses,viral activities,and angiogenesis.

Abstract Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has demonstrated unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as glycolipid metabolism disorder. However, its widespread application has been hindered by the unclear biological essence of TCM syndromes and therapeutic mechanisms. As an emerging interdisciplinary field, phenomics integrates multi-dimensional data including genome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and microbiome. When combined with TCM's holistic philosophy, it forms TCM phenomics, providing novel approaches to reveal the biological connotation of TCM syndromes and the mechanisms of herbal medicine. Taking glycolipid metabolism disorder as an example, this paper explores the application of TCM phenomics in glycolipid metabolism disorder. By analyzing molecular characteristics of related syndromes, TCM phenomics identifies differentially expressed genes, metabolites, and gut microbiota biomarkers to elucidate the dynamic evolution patterns of syndromes. Simultaneously, it deciphers the multi-target regulatory networks of herbal formulas, demonstrating their therapeutic effects through mechanisms including modulation of insulin signaling pathways, improvement of gut microbiota imbalance, and suppression of inflammatory responses. Current challenges include the subjective nature of syndrome diagnosis, insufficient standardization of animal models, and lack of integrated multi-omics analysis. Future research should employ machine learning, multimodal data integration, and cross-omics longitudinal studies to establish quantitative diagnostic systems for syndromes, promote the integration of precision medicine in TCM and western medicine, and accelerate the modernization of TCM.

Gout in modern medicine is often attributed to "Li Jie Disease （历节病）"， "Bai Hu Wind" （白虎风）， and "Bi （痹） Syndrome" categories in traditional Chinese medicine， mainly because its joint pain often presents as wandering attacks， and the clinical symptoms are similar to those caused by wind. However， the essence of gout is actually dietary disorders caused by internal injuries， so it should not be classified as Bi （痹） syndrome due to wind， cold， dampness. Focusing on the theory of "gout is not Bi syndrome" proposed by TONG Xiaolin， combining ancient and modern medical literature and modern clinical research， this article analyzes the underlying etiology of gout， which originates from dietary irregularities and accumulation of turbid toxins， as well as the disease mechanism of "toxicity hurts joints and accumulation of toxins impairs the kidneys"， in order to clarify the essential difference between gout and impediment syndrome. Using the theory of "state-targeted diagnosis and treatment"， gout is classified into two categories： dampness-heat and deficiency-cold， and the treatment strategy of lowering the turbid toxin， facilitating the joints， and preserving the kidneys was proposed in order to guide the clinical practice.

Objective To explore the effect of exposure to noise of 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)on children's cochlear function.Methods We prospectively recruited 72 children who underwent cranial MRI examination at our hospital from May to November 2018;3M earplugs and sponge mats were used for hearing protection during MRI scanning.Noise level(dBA)of each MRI sequence was detected with a nonmagnetic microphone and a sound level meter.Distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE)test at 2-7 kHz was performed 24 hours before and 30 minutes after the MRI examination.Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze differences in DPOAE amplitude before and after the MRI examination.Results The average noise level of MRI measured in the study was(107.7±3.92)dBA.Compared with that before the MRI examination,the DPOAE amplitude(dB)changed little after the MRI examination;the range of amplitude differences in each age group was as follows:left ear(-0.24-1.10)and right ear(-0.24-0.74)in the 0-1 year-old group;left ear(-0.07-0.59)and right ear(-0.57-0.75)in the 2-5 year-old group;left ear(-0.36-0.44)and right ear(-0.30-0.57)in the 6-12 year-old group.No statistically significant difference was found(correction P＞0.05).Conclusion No potential impact of 3.0T MRI noise on children's cochlear function was observed under routine hearing protection.

Diabetic gastroenteropathy is a serious chronic complication that accompanies the progression of diabetes mellitus， severely impacting patients' quality of life and overall health. Nearly half of diabetic patients experience symptoms such as nausea， vomiting， early satiety， abdominal distension， and abdominal pain， which increases their anxiety and depression， prompting frequent medical visits and further burdening the healthcare system. In-depth research into the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroenteropathy has identified several core mechanisms， including hyperglycemia， autonomic and enteric nervous system dysfunction， abnormal secretion of gastrointestinal hormones， macrophage polarization， brain-gut axis dysregulation， microRNA deficiency， and oxidative stress-induced damage and apoptosis of interstitial cells of Cajal （ICC）. Current clinical treatments mainly rely on prokinetic and antiemetic drugs. However， their notable adverse effects and diminishing efficacy with long-term use remain pressing issues. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， with its unique theoretical framework and extensive practical experience， potent in prescription formulation and acupoint selection guided by holistic concepts and syndrome differentiation， has gradually become an important option for treating diabetic gastroenteropathy. Numerous studies have confirmed that mechanisms include improving gastrointestinal hormone secretion， repairing ICC damage， regulating the nervous system， reducing oxidative stress， and modulating the brain-gut axis. These findings provide new insights into the treatment of diabetic gastroenteropathy. This article summarized the pathogenesis of diabetic gastroenteropathy and reviewed recent research on Chinese medicine and acupuncture-moxibustion therapy in improving gastrointestinal motility for diabetic gastroenteropathy treatment， aiming to offer clinical treatment insights and highlight the need for further research to explore comprehensive and individualized treatment approaches， providing better strategies for managing diabetic gastroenteropathy.

Objective To explore the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)based on music therapy on insomnia. Methods From July,2023 to April,2024,70 patients with insomnia in the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow Univer-sity were randomly divided into control group(n=35)and observation group(n=35).Both groups accepted mu-sic therapy;moreover,the observation group accepted tDCS,and the control group accepted sham tDCS,for four weeks.They were assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)total score and sub-score,Hamilton De-pression Scale 17-item(HAMD-17),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Chinese version of Stress Perception Scale(CPSS);and the relative power of resting-state electroencephalography(EEG)and mean blood flow veloci-ty(Vm)of each cerebral artery with transcranial Doppler were measured before and after treatment. Results Five cases dropped down in the control group,and four in the observation group.PSQI total score and sub-score,HAMD-17 score,HAMA score and CPSS score(|t|>3.503,P<0.01)in the observation group decreased after treatment,and were less in the observation group than in the control group(|t|>2.304,P<0.05),except sleep duration,sleep efficiency and CPSS scores.The relative power of δ and θ increased in the observation group,and decreased in α,β and γ(|t|>6.468,P<0.001),and were better in the observation group than in the control group(|t|>2.395,P<0.05).The Vm of each artery increased in the observation group(|t|>4.624,P<0.001),and were more in the observation group than in the control group(|t|>2.147,P<0.05). Conclusion tDCS based on music therapy may further improve sleep quality and EEG activity,increase cerebral blood flow velocity,and reduce adverse emotions in insomnia patients.

The Menghe Medical School is a highly influential academic school of Chinese medicine in China.Its academic features are mainly learning from others'strengths,openness and tolerance;integrity as the foundation,communication as the strength;harmo-ny as the way,and agility as the technique.The Menghe Medical School originated in Menghe,developed in Shanghai,spread all over the country,and spread around the world.The reasons for the prosperity and development of the Menghe Medical School are analyzed.Among them,imperial doctors being rewarded and supported,the stars having their roots in Menghe,inheritance from teach-ers by blood,help from in-laws,and the establishment of education and leadership in development are the main factors.On the basis of inheriting the scholarship of Menghe Medical School,Professor Tong Xiaolin innovatively proposed academic ideas such as the train-ing path of Xiang thinking,state-target differentiation and treatment,and dosage and effectiveness of prescriptions and medicines,pushing the academic thought of Menghe Medical School to a new theoretical peak in the new era.Based on the majestic development path of the Menghe Medical School,the implications for the inheritance,innovation and development of modern Chinese medicine are analyzed.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in China. The integration of Chinese and Western medicine is an important feature of Chinese COVID-19 prevention and treatment. According to a series of evidence-based studies, TCM can reduce the infection rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in high-risk groups. For patients with mild and moderate forms of COVID-19, TCM can relieve the related signs and symptoms, shorten the period of nucleic-acid negative conversion, and reduce conversion rate to the severe form of the disease. For COVID-19 patients with severe and critical illnesses, TCM can improve inflammatory indicators and blood oxygen saturation, shorten the hospital stay, and reduce the mortality rate. During recovery, TCM can improve patients' symptoms, promote organ function recovery, boost the quality of patients' life, and reduce the nucleic-acid repositive conversion rate. A series of mechanism research studies revealed that capability of TCM to treat COVID-19 through antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects, immune regulation, and protection of organ function via a multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway approach.
Humans ; COVID-19 ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Epidemics

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy and prognostic influencing factors of open abdomen technique for acute pancreatitis with abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinical data of 186 patients of acute pancreatitis with ACS who were admitted to 6 hospitals, including 65 cases in the 910th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People′s Liberation Army, 46 cases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 33 cases in the Fujian Provincial Hospital, 31 cases in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 7 cases in the People′s Hospital Affiliated to Quanzhou Medical College, 4 cases in the Shishi General Hospital, from January 2013 to December 2020 were collected. There were 142 males and 44 females, aged (43±8)years. Observation indica-tors: (1) patients conditions after being treatment with open abdomen technique; (2) analysis of clinical characteristics in patients with different treatment outcomes; (3) changing trend of the volume of urine output, levels of lactic acid, levels of enteral nutrient intake and the sequential organ failure score in patients with different treatment outcomes; (4) influencing factors for prognosis of patients. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and compari-son between groups was analyzed using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test or the continuity correction chi-square test. Repeated measurement data were analyzed using the repeated ANOVA. Spearman correlation analysis was used for correlation analyses. The COX regression model was used for univariate analysis and COX regression model with forward regression was used for multivariate analysis. Results:(1) Patients conditions after being treatment with open abdomen technique. Intra-abdominal pressure, oxygena-tion index, levels of lactic acid and sequential organ failure score of the 186 patients were (23.3±1.9)mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (121±24)mmHg, (5.0±3.4)mmol/L and 10.4±3.6 before the treatment with open abdomen technique and (11.2±2.9)mmHg, (222±38)mmHg, (3.2±2.1)mmol/L and 4.4±2.3 at postoperative 168 hours, showing significant differences in time effects before and after the treatment ( Ftime=855.26,208.50, 174.91,208.47, P<0.05). (2) Analysis of clinical characteristics in patients with different treatment outcomes. Of the 186 patients, 166 cases survived and were discharged, and 20 cases died during hospitalization. Age, sequential organ failure score, duration of ACS and levels of lactic acid during hospitalization before the treatment with open abdomen technique were (41±7)years, 9.4±3.4, 13(10,21)hours and (4.2±0.6)mmol/L in surviving patients, versus (45±6)years, 11.5±2.4, 65(39,84)hours and (5.2±0.5)mmol/L in dead patients, respectively, showing significant differences between them ( t=-2.10, -2.71, Z=-5.36, t=-7.16, P<0.05). Duration of postoperative acute gastro-intestinal injury, duration of continuous renal replacement therapy, time to liberation from mech-anical ventilation, duration of vasoactive drugs therapy, cases undergoing early abdominal closure, cases without intestinal fistula or with postoperative high-order intestinal fistula and low-order intestinal fistula during hospitalization after the treatment with open abdomen technique were 4(2,6)days, 4(3,7)days, 34(21,41)days, 3(2,6)days, 126, 131, 23, 12 in surviving patients, versus 13(10,17)days, 10(8,18)days, 0(0,3)days, 8(6,12)days, 1, 2, 15, 3 in dead patients, respectively, showing significant differences between them ( Z=-5.60, -3.75, -3.64, -3.06, χ2=41.43, 45.86, P<0.05). (3) Changing trend of the volume of urine output, levels of lactic acid, levels of enteral nutrient intake and the sequential organ failure score in patients with different treatment outcomes. The volume of urine output, levels of lactic acid, levels of enteral nutrient intake and the sequential organ failure score in surviving patients during hospitalization were (0.29±0.10)mL/(kg·h), (4.2±0.6)mmol/L, 0.0 kcal/(kg·d) and 9.4±3.4 before the treatment with open abdomen technique and (2.22±0.15)mL/(kg·h), (1.9±0.7)mmol/L, (20.7±2.9)kcal/(kg·d) and 3.7±2.2 at postoperative 168 hours. The above indicators in dead patients during hospitalization were (0.28±0.08)mL/(kg·h), (5.2±0.5)mmol/L, 0.0kcal/(kg·d) and 11.5±2.4 before the treatment with open abdomen technique and (0.28±0.09)mL/(kg·h), (7.7±0.8)mmol/L, (4.6±1.8)kcal/(kg·d) and 12.4±2.1 at postoperative 168 hours. There were significant differences in time effects in the above indicators in surviving patients and dead patients before and after the treatment with open abdomen technique ( Ftime=425.57, 188.59, 394.84, 37.52, P<0.05). There were interactive effects between the above indicators and the treatment outcome at different time points ( Finteraction=383.14, 233.04, 169.83, 36.61, P<0.05). There were signifi-cant differences in the change trends of the above indicators between the surviving patients and the dead patients during hospitalization ( Fgouprs=2 739.56, 877.98, 542.05, 240.85, P<0.05). (4) Influen-cing factors for prognosis of patients. Results of univariate analysis showed that age, sequential organ failure score, duration of ACS before surgery, procalcitonin, lactic acid, postoperative high-order intestinal fistula, abdominal hemorrhage, duration of postoperative acute gastrointestinal injury, duration of continuous renal replacement therapy, duration of vasoactive drugs therapy, early abdominal closure were related factors influencing prognosis of patients under-going treatment with open abdomen technique ( hazard ratio=1.07, 1.18, 1.39, 1.16, 8.25, 12.26, 2.83, 1.29, 1.56, 1.41, 0.02, 95% confidence interval as 1.00-1.15, 1.45-2.27, 1.22-1.57, 1.02-1.32, 1.75-38.90, 7.37-41.23, 1.16-6.93, 1.22-1.37, 1.23-1.99, 1.08-1.84, 0.00-0.16, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that extended duration of ACS before surgery, postoperative high-order intestinal fistula and extended duration of postoperative acute gastrointestinal injury were independent risk factors influencing prognosis of patients undergoing treatment with open abdomen technique ( hazard ratio=1.05, 7.95, 1.17, 95% confidence interval as 1.01-1.32, 2.05-30.87, 1.13-1.95, P<0.05) and early abdominal closure was an independent protective factor ( hazard ratio=0.10, 95% confidence interval as 0.01-0.89, P<0.05). Results of Spearman correlation analysis showed that duration of ACS was positively correlated with sequential organ failure score before surgery ( r=0.71, P<0.05). Conclusions:Open abdomen technique is effective for acute pancreatitis with ACS. Extended duration of ACS before surgery, postoperative high-order intestinal fistula and extended duration of postoperative acute gastrointestinal injury are independent risk factors for prognosis of patients during hospitalization and early abdominal closure is an independent protective factor.

Objective:To study the changes of left atrial volume and function in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods:Thirty-one patients with AMI in Henan People′s Hospital from March to October 2020 were selected as AMI group and 30 healthy subjects were selected as control group.The left atrial maximum volume (LAVmax), minimum volume (LAVmin), presystolic volume (LAVpre), volume index(LAVI), emptying volume (LAEV), ejection fraction (LAEF), long axis and circumferential strain (LASr, LASr-c; LAScd, LAScd-c; LASct, LASct-c) were measured by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE), 3DE left atrial automatic quantitative technique and CMR.The differences of left atrial indices between two groups and among 2DE, 3DE left atrial automatic quantitative and CMR techniques were compared. Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis were used to compare 2DE, 3DE left atrial automatic quantitative and CMR. Intra-observer and inter-observer repeatability of 2DE, 3DE left atrial automatic quantitative technique and CMR were evaluated by intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC).Results:①Compared with the control group: LAVmax, LAVmin, LAVpre, LAVI, LASct and LASct-c by 3DE left atrial automatic quantitative increased, while LAEV, LAEF, LASr, LASr-c, LAScd and LAScd-c by 3DE left atrial automatic quantitative technique decreased in AMI group (all P<0.05). ②LAVmax, LAVmin, LAVpre, LASr, LAScd, LASct measured by 3DE left atrial automatic quantitative were more strongly related to CMR than that measured by 2DE(all P<0.05). Compared with CMR, 2DE underestimated LAVmax, LAVmin, LAVpre, LASr, LAScd, LASct by (8.01±4.01)ml, (9.03±4.15)ml, (7.26±2.09 )ml, (7.26±1.23)%, (5.02±1.08)%, (6.24±0.43)%(all P<0.05); 3DE left atrial automatic quantitative technique underestimated LAVmax, LAVmin, LAVpre, LASr, LAScd, LASct by (1.67±0.62)ml, (1.95±0.90)ml, (2.52±0.76)ml, (1.97±0.59)%, (2.03±0.39)%, (1.02±0.30)% (all P>0.05); The time-consuming of 2DE and 3DE left atrial automatic quantitative technique was reduced, and the time-consuming of 3DE left atrial automatic quantitative technique was less than 2DE [(12.18±3.24)s vs (73.34±10.37)s]. ③The reproducibility of 2DE, 3DE left atrial automatic quantitative technique and CMR measurement within and between observers were good. Conclusions:3DE left atrial automatic quantitative technique can effectively evaluate the changes of left atrial volume and function in patients with AMI. Compared with 2DE and CMR, it is simple, rapid, accurate and repeatable, which provides a new and effective method for clinical study of cardiovascular diseases.