Objective:To establish a carbohydrate metabolism-related genes(CRGs)prognostic model for clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC)and investigate its clinical value.Methods:ccRCC mRNA expression data were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)data-base.CRGs were retrieved from the MSigDB and KEGG databases.A prognostic model based on CRGs was constructed using the LASSO lin-ear regression model,and the risk score(RS)was calculated.Patients were assigned into high-and low-risk groups according to the median RS.Differences in survival,immune infiltration,mutation,and immune response between the two groups were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and bioinformatics methods.Constructing a nomogram based on the RS and clinical features and validating its accuracy of prognostic predictions.The expression of CRGs in the ccRCC samples was detected using RT-qPCR.Results:A total of eight key genes were utilized to construct a prognostic risk model for ccRCC.Survival analysis revealed that patients in the low-risk group had a better prognosis(P<0.001).Bioinformatics analysis showed that the RS correlated with immune cell infiltration,mutation,and immune responses.The nomogram based on the RS and clinical features demonstrated a strong predictive ability for prognosis.In vitro experiments confirmed notable differences in the expression of the eight CRGs between ccRCC and adjacent non-malignant tissues.Conclusions:A prognostic model based on CRGs can effectively predict the prognosis of patients with ccRCC.

Objective: To compare the efficiency of four methods that remove calcium hydroxide in root canals and to guide clinical practice. Methods : Sixty-five isolated mandibular single root canal premolars were collected. After crown cutting and root canal preparation, a tooth was randomly selected as the blank control group, and the remaining 64 teeth were equally divided into Groups A and B (n = 32). Group A was injected with water-soluble calcium hydroxide, and Group B was injected with oil-soluble calcium hydroxide. After 2 weeks of drug sealing, Groups A and B were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8), including the lateral opening syringe group, sonic vibration group, ultrasonic group, and Er: YAG laser group. Before and after calcium hydroxide removal, the samples were scanned by cone-beam CT, and the data were imported into Mimics for 3D reconstruction. The root canal was divided into the following segments: superior root segment, middle and apical, and the calcium hydroxide volume of each segment of the root canal was calculated. The volumes of calcium hydroxide before and after removal were V1 and V2, respectively, with a clearance rate = (V1-V2)/V1×100%. Three-factor ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. After Groups A and B were reconstructed, the apical region with residual calcium hydroxide was selected, and the blank control was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results : Two types of calcium hydroxide could not be completely removed by the four flushing methods. The clearance rate of water-soluble calcium hydroxide was higher than that of oil-soluble calcium hydroxide (P<0.001). Among the three segments of the root canal, the clearance rate of the apical segment was lower (P<0.05). The Er: YAG laser treatment group showed the highest removal efficiency of two kinds of calcium hydroxide, which was higher than that of the other groups, especially in apical of the root. Compared with the sonic wave washing group and the syringe washing group, the ultrasonic wave washing group exhibited significant advantages (P<0.05). The clearance rate of the sonic wave washing group was higher in the oily calcium hydroxide root middle group than in the syringe washing group (P<0.05). SEM showed that the two kinds of calcium hydroxide could not be completely removed, but the residual rate of oil-soluble calcium hydroxide was large. Conclusion Both types of calcium hydroxide could not be completely removed, and compared to water-soluble calcium hydroxide, oil-soluble calcium hydroxide was more difficult to remove. Among the four cleaning methods, Er:YAG laser swing washing showed the higher cleaning efficiency.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of semiconductor lasers irradiation after routine root canal preparation on root cannal seal.Methods:60 Single-rooted freshly extracted human teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=10).The crowns were removed at the cementoenamel junction and the roots were endodontically prepared with conventional methods.The roots in groups A and B were irradiated with 1 W semiconductor laser for 20 s,in group C and D were ultrasonically washed for 1 min,in group E and F without any treatment were used as the controls.Then all the roots were filled by vertical condensation of warm gutta-percha.The root cannal seal was evaluated with microleakage measurement.The data was analyzed by ANOVA.The teeth of group B,D and F were sectioned and examined under scanning electron microscope(SEM).Results:The microleakage(mm) of group A,C and E was 1.70±0.82,2.02±0.40 and 4.56±2.72 respectively(A vs E,P<0.01;C vs E,P<0.05;A vs C,P>0.05).SEM observation showed the melting,narrowness or closure of most dentinal tubules in group B,past and/or gutta-percha in the most dentinal tubules of group D.Conclusion:Semiconductor laser irradiation prior to root cannal filling can promote the effects of cannal seal.

Chronic hepatitis B is a world-wide health problem and now at least 250 million people have been infected with hepatitis B virus. Current treatment of hepatitis B rarely achieves a cure because the viral replication template which called covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) are resistant to conventional therapies. The phenotype and function of natural killer cells from chronic hepatitis B patients are different to those from acute hepatitis B patients, suggesting that the function of NK cells may be related to clearance of HBV. Some studies have suggested that the differentiation, development and activation of natural killer cells are controlled by the mammalian target of rapamycin. The present review will mainly focus on the biology of hepatitis B virus, the differentiation and development of natural killer cells, and the progress of metabolism of natural killer cells.

Objective: To investigate the modification of the classic techniques of total auricle reconstruction with skin expansion, and its clinical application. Methods: We performed three-dimensional measurement of the normal auricle and the expanded flap on 150 microtia patients. According to the data, we carried out total auricle reconstruction using extended postauricle expanded flap techniques for 82 patients of the group. Firstly, a 50 ml kidney-shaped expander was inserted subcutaneously in the mastoid region. Approximately 65 ml saline was injected in about 30 days, and expansion was kept without injection for another 30 days. In the second stage, we removed the expander and dissected the scalp 4-5 cm around the expanded skin, to make a composite flap consisted of expanded skin and extend scalp. Then we used the flap to encapsulate the three-dimensional rib cartilage framework to accomplish total auricle reconstruction. Results: The blood supply and venous drainage of the flap was good. No obvious postoperative flap swelling was observed. Only 2 cases of helix skin necrosis happened in 48 hours after operation. Small area of skin defect was treated by debridement and suture, while larger area of skin defect was repaired with postauricular fascia flap and free skin graft. Postoperative follow-up period was 4-15 months, about 6.7 months in average. Bilateral ear size and position were similar with clear structures and shapes. Helix seemed more slim, auriculocephalic sulcus was obvious, auriculocephalic angle was similar to the other side. There was no color abberration between the front and back side of reconstructed ear. Scars of retroauricular hairline incision and costal cartilage harvesting incision were not obvious. Conclusions The novel surgical techniques is reasonable and simple without fascia flap or skin graft, which is worthy of application by more plastic surgeons.

Objective To explore the prophylactic effect of methylprednisolone combined with granisetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting.Methods Two hundred patients scheduled for lumpectomy of breast were randomly divided into four groups with 50 cases each.The patients in group M1 received a pre-anesthesia intravenous doses of methylprednisolone 25 mg,the patients in group M2 were injected methylpredsisolone 25 mg repeatedly four hours later,in group D received a pre-anesthesia doses of dexamethasone 5 mg,in group N normal saline 2 ml.All the four groups of patients received granisetron 3 mg intravenously at the end of surgery.The incidence of nausea and vomiting in the 24 hours were observed.Results The PONV incidences of group M1,M2,D,N were 36%,18%,38% and 58%.Both group M1,M2 and D significantly decreased the total inci-dence of PONV (P <0.05)in the 24 h.The incidence of PONV was significantly lower in group M2, compared with group M1 and group D respectively (P <0.05).Conclusion Methylprednisolone-gran-isetron combination is as equally effective as dexamethasone-granisetron combination for preventing PONV in lumpectomy,but repeated methylprednisolone after 4 h is more effective than dexametha-sone and single-used methylprednisolone.

Objective: To examine the microbial flora within the root canals with failed root canal therapy by PCR test, to identify detection rate of bacteria and the predominant bacteria species, and to determine the association of the various species with clinical features. Methods: Forty roots with failed root canal therapy were selected for this study. According to clinical features the roots were divided into three groups: pain, fistula and symptomless. After removal of the root filling material, the microbial samples were taken from the canal and detected by PCR test. Results: The microbial flora within root canals of teeth with failed root canal therapy was found to be mixed, six kinds of bacteria were detected. Enterococcus faecalis was the most commonly recovered bacteria species. Significant associations were observed between Prevotella nigrescens and pain, while dependablity was observed between Actinomyces israelii and fistula. Conclusion: The main cause of root canal treatment failure is the persistent microorganisms. The composition of bacteria in teeth with failed root canal therapy has its own specificity.

OBJECTIVETo study the injection of NKG5SV gene to inhibit growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSNKG5SV gene was inserted into retroviral vector pLXSN by normal methods. LacZ gene was used as control. LCI-D20 tumor together with saline, pLXSN-LacZ DNA or pLXSN-NKG5SV was subcutaneously inoculated to the nude mice. Tumor formation rate and tumor size were noted 35 days after inoculation. LCI-D20 tumor was inoculated subcutaneously. Saline, pLXSN-LacZ DNA or pLXSN-NKG5SV was intratumorally injected respectively 10 days after inoculation. Tumor growth was observed 35 days after inoculation. Liver cancer was resected 22 days after intrahepatic inoculation. Saline, pLXSN-LacZ DNA or pLXSN-NKG5SV was respectively injected at incisal margin or intraspleen. Mice were killed 35 days after inoculation to observe tumor recurrence at incisal margin, intrahepatic metastasis and extrahepatic metastasis.

RESULTSTumor formation rate and tumor diameter(cm) were 1.76 +/- 0.11, 1.51 +/- 0.34, 0.33 +/- 0.04 in the control group, LacZ group, NKG5SV group respectively when tumor and different cDNA were inoculated together. Tumor diameter(cm) and weight(g) were 0.87 +/- 0.08, 0.83 +/- 0.05, 0.26 +/- 0.04; 0.43 +/- 0.06, 0.38 +/- 0.04, 0.08 +/- 0.06 in the control group, LacZ group, NKG5SV group respectively when different cDNA were injected into the LCI-D20 tumor. Sites with extrahepatic metastasis nidi, incisal margin recurrence tumor size(cm), intrahepatic metastasis nidi, metastasis involved hepatic lobes in the control group, LacZ group, NKG5SV group were 4.25 +/- 1.48, 4.25 +/- 1.04, 0.63 +/- 0.51; 1.51 +/- 0.27, 1.35 +/- 0.17, 0.81 +/- 0.17; 2.50 +/- 1.41, 2.38 +/- 1.06, 1.25 +/- 0.71; 2.13 +/- 0.99, 2.00 +/- 0.75, 1.38 +/- 0.74 respectively when NK cells were injected at incise margin. They were 4.38 +/- 1.85, 4.25 +/- 1.48, 1.00 +/- 0.75; 1.13 +/- 0.23, 0.97 +/- 0.29, 0.76 +/- 0.16; 2.50 +/- 1.41, 2.05 +/- 1.12, 0; 2.13 +/- 0.83, 1.75 +/- 0.88, 0 respectively when NK cell were injected intrasplenicly.

CONCLUSIONSNKG5SV gene can inhibit HCC growth and postoperative metastasis and recurrence.

Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; Humans ; Injections ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; prevention & control ; Receptors, Immunologic ; genetics ; physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Objective: To study the effect of pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation combined with acidulated phosphate fluorid (APF) on the acid resistance of human dental enamel. Methods: Enamel samples were prepared from 192 caries-free extracted teeth. The smooth surface and pits and fissures were treated with 12 3 g/L APF for 4 minutes after 100,150 or 200 mJ pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation. Then the teeth were put into 12.3 g/L of artificial caries inducing solution (acid solution) for 1,5,10 or 24 h respectively. The control teeth were treated with APF only. The amount of calcium dissolved in the solution was determined with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the depth of artificial caries was measured with polarized microscope. Results: The amount of calcium dissolved in the acid solution was significantly less in the groups with laser treatment than that in those without laser treatment (P

Objective:To study the effect of insulin therapy on glucose concentration in saliva in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM), and to study the relationship between blood glucose level and salivary glucose level.Methods: Glucose concentration in blood and in unstimulated mixed saliva was measured with Beckman SYNCHRON CX7 system in 40 DM patients before and after insulin therapy.Results:The average value(mmol/L) of salivary glucose concentration before and after insulin therapy was 2.081?0.287 and 1.571? 0.193 respectively (P