From 1978 to 2019, the cause of neurosurgery in China has developed rapidly, and the surgical treatment of pituitary adenoma has achieved good results.. This article focuses on the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas from imaging techniques, surgical techniques and anesthesia techniques, and looks forward to the future.

A simple colorimetric method for detection of isocarbophos was developed based on the enhanced peroxidase-like activity of hemin. Hemin could catalyze the oxidation of peroxidase substrate 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2, which made TMB to lose one electron and caused reaction solution color changing from initial transparent to blue-green. Adding isocarbophos improved hemin affinity to substrates, which further enhanced peroxidase-like activity of hemin and made TMB to lose two electrons. The color of TMB solution was further changed from blue-green to yellow, and the degree of color change was proportional to the concentration of isocarbophos. Under the optimal conditions, the present analytical method for isocarbophos detection had a dynamic range from 2 μg/L to 100 μg/L with a detection limit of 1.2 μg/L (3σ). The selectivity assay demonstrated that other organophosphorus pesticides exhibited negligible interferences for isocarbophos detection. The application of the proposed method in the practical samples showed that the mean recovery of isocarbophos was in the range of 94.4％-113.0％, thus it could be widely applied to rapidly and sensitively detect isocarbophos in the agricultural products.

The analysis of stable nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15 N) of individual amino acid was recognized as an effective method for estimating the trophic level of organisms and detecting the nitrogen flow in food webs. In this study, we evaluated a two-stage procedure of esterification followed by acylation, in which biological samples underwent hydrolysis in acid and the released individual amino acids were derivative into the corresponding N-pivaloyl-iso-propyl ( NPP ) esters for gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometric ( GC-C-IRMS) analysis. A total of 13 kinds of individual amino acid derivatives were baseline separated on a nonpolar gas chromatography column (DB-5ms). The amount of sample for each test was not less than 20 ng N on column. High correlations were observed between the δ15 N values respectively obtained by GC-C-IRMS and element analysis-isotope ration mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). Furthermore, the mean precision of this method was better than 1‰. Cation-exchange chromatograph was used to purify the samples, and the difference of the detection δ15 N values before and after purification by the resin was within 1‰. This method was applied to estimate the trophic level of various natural freshwater organisms from Aha Lake. The present study provided a new idea for the application of stable nitrogen isotope (δ15 N ) in the trophic level estimation of organisms and metabolism analysis of amino acid.

Objective To observe the effects ofYiqi Shuxin Pills on the coronary flow reserve (CFR) of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the coronary angiography (CAG); To discuss its relevant mechanism of action.Methods Totally 101 patients with ACS were divided into control group (49 cases) and treatment group (52 cases). Patients in the treatment group were treated with western therapy andYiqi Shuxin Pills, while patients in the control group were treated with western therapy only. After treated for 6 months, CAG was reviewed to compare the CFR in both groups before and after the treatment. The blood-stasis syndrome and qi-deficiency syndrome scores and the level of NO, ET-1, hs-CRP, sVCAM-1, P-selectin in blood of both groups before and after the treatment were observed.Results The blood-stasis syndrome and qi-deficiency syndrome scores in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01); The levels of ET-1, hs-CRP, sVCAM-1, P-selectin were obviously reduced and NO obviously increased in treatment group than those of control group (P<0.05). The CFR in the treatment group was significantly better than that of control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). ConclusionYiqi Shuxin Pills can improve the state of blood-stasis syndrome and qi-deficiency syndrome, improve vascular endothelial function, relieve inflammatory reaction, lower the expression of platelet, stabilize atherosclerotic plaque of coronary artery, and then improve the CFR of ACS patients in CAG.

Objective To investigate the effect of Shanzha Xiaozhi capslue on intima-media thickness(IMT) and plaques score of carotid artery in patients with non-acute phase coronary heart disease and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis. Methods A prospective study was conducted to carry out a research on 102 patients with non-acute phase coronary heart disease and TCM syndrome of phlegm and blood stasis. They were randomly divided into two groups:a control group(50 cases)treated with conventional western medicine alone and a observation group(52 cases)which was treated by both conventional western medicine and Shanzha Xiaozhi capslue(the main TCM ingredients:Shanzha,Dahuang)0.7 g,3 times a day,the therapeutic course being 6 months in both groups. The cardiocerebral vascular incidences of the two groups were observed,in the mean time,the carotid artery IMT and plagues score were registered,the scores of phlegm stagnation syndrome and blood-stasis syndrome were measured,adverse reaction was observed and compared in both groups before and after treatment. Results After treatment,the occurrence of major adverse acute cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in observation group were reduced significantly compared with those in the control group(5.77%vs. 20.00%,P<0.05). The IMT and plaques score of carotid artery and the scores of phlegm stagnation syndrome and blood-stasis syndrome were all decreased obviously compared to those before treatment,and the effect was more remarkable in the treatment group〔IMT of carotid artery(mm):0.80±0.13 vs. 0.95±0.12,the plaques score:1.35±0.65 vs. 1.75±0.88, phlegm syndrome score:20.98±6.42 vs. 35.55±9.22,blood-stasis syndrome score:23.23±5.12 vs. 28.95±6.38, P<0.05 or P<0.01〕. Abdominal pain appeared in 2 patients of observation group without other adverse reactions. Conclusion Shanzha Xiaozhi capsule can stabilize atherosclerotic plaque and reduce the occurrence of acute adverse cardiocerebral vascular events in patients with non-acute phase coronary heart disease and phlegm and blood stasis syndrome possibly by removing phlegm and blood stasis to decrease the IMT and plaques score of carotid artery.

Objective To investigate the effect of Shanzha Xiaozhi Capslue on stability of atherosclerosis plaques in patient with metabolic syndrome (MS) and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). Methods Totally 106 patients with MS and CAS were randomly divided into 2 groups with 55 cases in the treatment group and 51 cases in the control group. The control group improved the way of life and control of relevant risk factors, while the treatment group was treated with Shanzha Xiaozhi Capslue additionally for 6 months. The occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events of the two groups was compared. The intima-media thickness, plaques grade of carotid artery and the changes of Hs-CRP, Hcy, insulin resistance were measured before and after the treatment. Results After treatment, the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the treatment group reduced significantly compared with the control group (P=0.047). The intima-media thickness and plaques grade of carotid artery in the treatment group decreased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.05), and the serum levels of Hs-CRP, Hcy, insulin resistance were decreased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Shanzha Xiaozhi Capslue can decrease the intima-media thickness and plaques score of carotid artery, stabilize atherosclerotic plaque, thus reduce the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events of patients with MS and CAS.

Objective To observe the effect of Shenqi Decoction on inflammation and immune reaction, immune state, restenosis (RS) after implantation of stents in patients with coronary artery disease, and to investigate its mechanism. Methods Eighty-eight patients with coronary artery disease after implantation of stents were randomly divided into the treatment group (45 cases) and the control group (43 cases). The control group was treated with routine treatment, and the treatment group was treated with Shenqi Decoction additionally for six months. RS rate, the level of hs-CRP, the marker of activation of T lymphocytes (CD3+/HLA-DR+), sIL-2R and the scores of blood-stasis syndrome and deficiency of Qi syndrome were observed. Results The RS rate in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the mechanism of Shenqi decoction on inhibiting apoptpsis of myocardial cell in?duced by ischemic reperfusion.METHODS:The mice were randomly divided into Shenqi decoction group(high,middle and low dosage groups),isosorbide dinitrate control group,blank control group and model group.The Shenqi decoction group and isosorbide dinitrate group were respectively administered with drugs by lavage for5days while the blank control group and model group were respectively administered with normal sodium by lavage for5days.Except the blank control group the is?chemic reperfusion model of each group was made,then the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),the level of malondi?aldehyde(MDA)of cardiac muscle tissues were determined;the apoptotic index of myocardial cells and the expression of apoptosis-correlated protein Bcl-2and Bax were analyzed.RESULTS:Compared with the model group,the SOD activity and Bcl-2express index have been increased,but MDA level and bax express index have been decreased in Shenqi decoction group.CONCLUSION:Shenqi decoction does have a good protection effect on myocardial ischemia and myocardial cell injury induced by postischemia reperfusion.

OBJECTIVE:Study on the efficiency of azithromycin sustained-release vaginal suppository in inhibiting ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu)in vitro.METHODS:The method of microdilution was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)for Uu that azithromycin sustained-release vaginal suppository campared with azithromycin dried suspension. RESULTS:The MIC for Uu that both azithromycin sustained-release vaginal suppository and azithromycin dried suspension is lower than 0.125?g?mL~(-1).CONCLUSION:Azithromycin sustained release vaginal suppository has significant inhibitive effects on Uu under the experiment condition.

OBJECTIVE:The effects of Astragulus injection on cardiac function in myocardial infarction convalescents were observed.METHODS:42 cases were randomly divided into two groups(therapeutic group and control group).21 cases in therapeutic group were treated with routine treatment and 21 cases in control group were treated with Astragulus injection on the basis of routine treatment for three weeks.The ejection fraction(EF),early diastolic peak velocity of blood flow(E),late diastolic peak velocity of blood flow(A) and A/E of all patients were measured with pulse ultrasonic Doppler cardiography before and after the treatment.RESULTS:After the treatment,the EF,E and A/E were improved (P