Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane structured vesicles containing proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. EVS produced by virus-infected cells are involved in communication between infected and uninfected cells. EV produced by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infected cells can promote the transmission and infection of HCMV and escape the host immune response. It can also activate the body′s immune response against HCMV infection. In-depth study of the mechanism and compositional changes of EV produced by HCMV infected cells will contribute to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HCMV. The current research has achieved some results, but they are not deep enough. Future advancements in EV isolation and identification technologies and the reduction of economic costs will contribute to the extensive development and clinical application of the research.

Objective To investigate the effect of piR-9994 on the biological behavior of gastric cancer cells and its possible mechanism. Methods The expression of piR-9994 in gastric cancer cell lines (MGC803 and AGS) and normal gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) were detected by qRT-PCR. MGC803 cell line with piR-9994 overexpression and knockdown were constructed. The effects of piR-9994 expression changes on cell proliferation were detected by MTT and clone formation assay. The scratch wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay were used to detect cell migration and invasion abilities. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect cell proliferation and EMT-related genes expression. Results The expression level of piR-9994 in MGC803 cells was significantly higher than that in normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 (P < 0.05). The overexpression of piR-9994 promoted the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells, while piR-9994 knockdown had the opposite effect. piR-9994 expression was closely related to cell cycle, especially in S phase. The overexpression of piR-9994 promoted the expression of proliferation-related genes PCNA, CCND1 and Bcl-2, inhibited the expression of apoptosis gene C-PARP, and promoted the expression of EMT-related genes N-cadherin, MMP7, Twist and Vimentin; while piR-9994 knockdown had the opposite effect. Conclusion Abnormal expression of piR-9994 affects the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and EMT process of gastric cancer cells. piR-9994 may be a new biomarker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer.

Objective:To explore the effects of different approaches for second-trimester multifetal pregnancy reduction on pregnancy outcome in women with dichorionic triamniotic (DCTA) triplet.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on 51 women with DCTA triplet pregnancies who were referred to Guangdong Women and Children Hospital for second-trimester multifetal pregnancy reduction from January 2014 to January 2020. All participants were divided into either preventive group ( n=39) or treatment group ( n=12) according to the indication for multifetal pregnancy reduction, and they were further allocated to three subgroups based on different reduction methods, which were reduction to dichorionic twin by radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (RFA subgroup), reduction to monochorionic singleton (KCl-singleton subgroup) or monochorionic twin (KCl-twin subgroup) by cardiac injection of potassium chloride. Pregnancy loss rate, neonatal birth weight, gestational age at delivery, incidence of intrauterine death, and neonatal death were compared and analyzed between different groups using t-test, analysis of variance, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Bonferroni correction. Results:(1) The mean gestational week at operation in the treatment group was significantly later than that in the preventive group [(18.5±3.1) vs (15.0±2.3) weeks, t=-4.209, P<0.001]. In the preventive group, the mean gestational week at operation in the RFA subgroup was later than the KCl-singleton and KCl-twin subgroup[(17.2±1.6) vs (13.8±1.5) and (12.7±1.0) weeks, t=6.630 and 3.875, respectively, both P<0.05]. (2) The postoperative pregnancy loss rate in the preventive group was decreased compared with the treatment group [10.3%(4/39) vs 5/12, Fisher's exact test, P<0.05], and the live birth ratio was increased [ 85.7%(48/56) vs 10/18, χ2=5.640, P=0.018]. No live birth infants with birth weight <1 500 g was reported in the KCl-singleton subgroup in preventive group, and the statistical significance was observed in the intra-group differences ( P<0.05) rather than the pairwise comparison differences in the preventive group. For the proportion of live births, there was a statistically significant difference in the intra-group comparison in the treatment group, which was higher in the RFA subgroup than that in the KCl-twin subgroup (6/6 vs 1/6, P=0.045). No significant difference was revealed among pregnancy loss rate, gestational weeks at delivery, the mean birth weight, premature delivery <32 gestational weeks, and full-term birth rate among three different approaches within the two groups. (3) No monochorionic twin complications or perinatal death occurred in any RFA or KCl-singleton subgroups in the two groups. In the KCl-twin subgroups including five cases with ten fetuses, including three live birth, four miscarriage, three intrauterine death occured, while no neonatal death was reported. One case with selective fetal uterine growth restriction in the preventive group delivered two live births, and one case with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome in the treatment group had intrauterine death in one fetus and one survival neonate. Conclusions:The pregnancy outcome of multifetal pregnancy reduction to dichorionic diamniotic twins by RFA or reduction to singleton by cardiac injection of potassium chloride are comparative in women with DCTA triplet, regardless of whether it is a preventive or therapeutic reduction.

Objective: To explore the nursing experience of growth hormone provocative test in pediatric clinic. Methods: Five thousand and thirty-six children with short stature or slowing growth received combined simultaneous Levodopa Pyridostigmine stimulation test from June 2008 to October 2018 in the Child Growth Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of SUN Yat-sen University. Comprehensive nursing intervention was conducted to ensure the test carry through successfully before, during and after the test. Results: All children completed the five collections in the 120-minute growth hormone provocative test without cannula obstruction and blurt out. Some (986 out of 5 036 children, 19.58%) had different degrees of adverse reactions including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, sweating, salivation, dizziness, pallor, etc., most of which disappeared or alleviated after nursing, except 11 patients (0.22%) needed atropine muscular injection and 3 of whom needed intravenous fluids to release the marked symptoms. Conclusion Combined simultaneous Levodopa Pyridostigmine stimulation test is safe and practicable in pediatric clinics with nursing experience.

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of H1N1 influenza A-associated encephalopathy (IAE) in children. Methods: The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG) examinations and treatments of seven children with H1N1 IAE hospitalized in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from December 2018 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Five of the seven children with H1N1 IAE were female. The age at admission was 4 years and 5 months (range 7 months-9 years). Neurological symptoms occurred simultaneously or early (0-3 days) after the flu-like symptom appeared. The main clinical manifestations of neurological symptoms were seizures (repeated seizures in five cases and status convulsion in two cases, including one case of unexpected fever and repeated seizures in a nine-year old girl) accompanied with altered consciousness (drowsiness in five cases and coma in two cases). Cranial MRI in three cases displayed multifocal lesions, mainly in the bilateral thalamus, brainstem and cerebellar hemisphere. MRI also showed reversible splenial lesion in the corpus callusumin in three cases. EEG tracings were characterized by diffuse slow wave activity in four cases, and status epilepticus was monitored in one case. All the 7 cases were treated with oral oseltamivir. Three cases were treated with pulsed methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin. One case was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin alone and all the patients received oral oseltamivir. All the patients survived, with three patients had minor neurological sequelae at discharge. Conclusions The main clinical manifestations of H1N1 IAE are seizures and altered consciousness. Cranial MRI combined with EEG is helpful for early diagnosis. Intravenous immunoglobulin and (or) methylprednisolone should be considered for severe cases.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of H1N1 influenza A‐associated encephalopathy (IAE) in children. Methods The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography (EEG) examinations and treatments of seven children with H1N1 IAE hospitalized in Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center from December 2018 to January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Five of the seven children with H1N1 IAE were female. The age at admission was 4 years and 5 months (range 7 months-9 years). Neurological symptoms occurred simultaneously or early (0-3 days) after the flu‐like symptom appeared. The main clinical manifestations of neurological symptoms were seizures (repeated seizures in five cases and status convulsion in two cases, including one case of unexpected fever and repeated seizures in a nine‐year old girl) accompanied with altered consciousness (drowsiness in five cases and coma in two cases). Cranial MRI in three cases displayed multifocal lesions, mainly in the bilateral thalamus, brainstem and cerebellar hemisphere. MRI also showed reversible splenial lesion in the corpus callusumin in three cases. EEG tracings were characterized by diffuse slow wave activity in four cases, and status epilepticus was monitored in one case. All the 7 cases were treated with oral oseltamivir. Three cases were treated with pulsed methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin. One case was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin alone and all the patients received oral oseltamivir. All the patients survived, with three patients had minor neurological sequelae at discharge. Conclusions The main clinical manifestations of H1N1 IAE are seizures and altered consciousness. Cranial MRI combined with EEG is helpful for early diagnosis. Intravenous immunoglobulin and (or) methylprednisolone should be considered for severe cases.

Objective To investigate the effects of estrogen ( E2) on the resistance to anoikis and a possible role of extracellular signal-regulated kinse ( ERK)-focal adhesion kinse ( FAK) signaling in the effect of estrogen to under-stand its underlying mechanism .Methods Poly-Hema-coated culture of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was used to induce anoikis .Cells were treated with E2 and/or pretreated with MEK or FAK inhibitors .Western blot was used to assess the phosphorylation of ERK and FAK , trypan blue staining and cell counting were employed to evaluate cell viability , and Hoechst staining was used to check apoptosis .Results Suspension culture greatly re-duced cell survival (P<0.01), and exposure of MCF-7 cells to E2 (10 nmol/L) led to a significantly increased resistance to anoikis and survival ( P<0.05 ) as compared to DMSO .Meanwhile , E2 induced increased phospho-rylation of both ERK and FAK .Pharmacological inhibition of MEK with U 0126 ( 10 μmol/L ) reduced E2-in-creased cell survival by 57.48%(P<0.01) and E2-decreased anoikis;Treatment with FAK inhibitor (10μmol/L) attenuated E2-enhanced cell survival by 53.59% ( P<0.01 ) and E2-reduced apoptosis .Conclusions E2 con-tributes to the enhanced cell viability and increased resistance to anoikis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells , and ERK-FAK signaling may be involved in the E 2-stimulated survival during suspension culture of MCF-7 cells.

Objective To study the regulatory effects of Ca 2+ , ATP, ADP and AMP on myocardial nuclear Ca 2+ ATPase activity after ischemia reperfusion injury Methods The model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury was established in rats Myocardial nuclei were purified using sucrose density gradient centrifugation The activity of Ca 2+ ATPase was measured with ascertaining phosphate Results Compared with the control, plasma levels of MDA and FFA after myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury increased significantly ( P

Aim Observing the alteration of cardiac myocyte nuclear inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP_3R)binding proterties in rat subjected to myocardium ischemic reperfusion is to make it clear whether this change is involved in the molecule mechanism of cell apoptosis of rat with myocardial ischemic reperfusion. Method Apoptosis index of myocardial cell was determined using TUNEL assay.Extracting of cardiac myocyte nucleus was accomplished by saccharose density gradient centrifugation method,the binding proterties of nuclear IP_3R in different conditions were detected by radioligand binding assay.Results ①Myocardial cell apoptosis index in rat heart underwent 30 min regional ischemia and 3 h reperfusion was distinctly increased compared with sham-operated group(P

OBJECTIVETo analyze the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 20 in patients with sporadic colorectal cancer to identify additional loci involved in colorectal tumorigenesis.

METHODSPolymorphic microsatellite markers were analyzed in 83 colorectal cancer patients' tumor and normal DNA by PCR. PCR products were electrophoresed on an 377 DNA sequencer. Genescan 2.1 and Genotype 2.1 software were used in the LOH scanning and analysis. Comparisons between LOH frequency and clinicopathological data were performed by chi(2) test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTSThe average LOH frequency in the long arm, short arm and whole chromosome 20 was 21.1%, 26.7% and 22.8%, respectively. Chromosome 20 exhibited relatively high LOH frequency, particularly in the regions of 20p and 20q11.1-q13.1.

CONCLUSIONThere is notable genetic instability on chromosome 20 in sporadic colorectal carcinoma patients; that is, mutation on chromosome 20 is closely associated with sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis. Also, there may be tumor suppressor genes related to sporadic colorectal carcinoma near the region 20q11.1-q13.1.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged