Objective    To explore the key points and difficulties of intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. Methods    The intraoperative frozen section and postoperative paraffin section results of pulmonary nodule patients in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2021 to January 2022 were collected. The main causes of misdiagnosis in frozen section diagnosis were analyzed, and the main points of diagnosis and differential diagnosis were summarized. Results    According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 1 263 frozen section diagnosis results of 1 178 patients were included in the study, including 475 males and 703 females, with an average age of 58.7 (23-86) years. In 1 263 frozen section diagnosis results, the correct diagnosis rate was 95.65%, and the misdiagnosis rate was 4.35%. There were 55 misdiagnoses, including 18 (3.44%) invasive adenocarcinoma, 17 (5.82%) adenocarcinoma in situ, 7 (35.00%) mucinous adenocarcinoma, 4 (2.09%) minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, 3 (100.00%) IgG4 related diseases, 2 (66.67%) mucinous adenocarcinoma in situ, 1 (16.67%) atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, 1 (14.29%) sclerosing pulmonary cell tumor, 1 (33.33%) bronchiolar adenoma, and 1 (100.00%) papillary adenoma. Conclusion    Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis still has its limitations. Clinicians need to make a comprehensive judgment based on imaging examination and clinical experience.

Objective:To design and evaluate the application value of intracavitary-interstitial brachytherapy (IC-ISBT) applicator template for locally advanced cervical cancer.Methods:MRI data of 100 patients with ⅡB-ⅣA stage cervical cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2018 staging system) before and after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) admitted to Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center from March 2019 to September 2020 were collected. The range of primary cervical lesions was retrospectively analyzed and compared. Based on the residual mass of patients, the corresponding high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) was delineated, and the IC-ISBT applicator template was designed and initially applied to cervical cancer patients. Dosimetry analysis and efficacy evaluation were compared between the applicator template-guided ( n=37) and free-hand implantation groups ( n=63). Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was performed for categorical variables, and t-test or U-test for continuous variables. Results:The median distance between the residual tumor margin (clockwise 3, 6, 9, 12 o'clock) and the center of 100 patients with ⅡB-ⅣA stage cervical cancer after EBRT was 16.5, 14.0, 17.0 and 13.0 mm, respectively. The corresponding HR-CTV was superimposed to reconstruct the three-dimensional diagram, and the cylindrical IC-ISBT applicator template with mushroom-like head was designed and manufactured: the longest and shortest diameter of the head was 35 and 20 mm, respectively; the central channel was adapted to the uterine tube, the C1-C12 channels was arranged in inner circle, and the peripheral B1-B5 and A1-A4 pin channels were expanded bilaterally. In terms of dose coverage, there was no significant difference between the HR-CTV D 90% [(635.12±22.65) vs. (635.80±25.84) cGy], bladder D 2 cm3 [(473.79±44.78) vs. (463.55±66.43) cGy)], rectum D 2 cm3 [(396.99±73.54) vs. (408.00±73.94) cGy] and sigmoid colon D 2 cm3 [(293.07±152.72) vs. (311.31±135.77) cGy] between the template-guided and free-hand implantation groups (all P>0.05), but the HR-CTV D 98% was significantly higher [(544.78±32.07) vs. (536.78±32.04) cGy, P=0.007] and the rectum D 1 cm3 and D 0.1 cm3 were significantly lower [(438.62±69.65) vs. (453.97±67.89) cGy, P=0.016; (519.46±70.67) vs. (543.82±81.24) cGy, P=0.001] in the template-guided implantation group. In addition, there was no significant difference in the complete response rate between two groups (86% vs. 83%, P>0.05). Conclusions:This IC-ISBT applicator template is reasonably designed, and the therapeutic efficacy of the template-guided implantation is equivalent to that of free-hand implantation. The dose coverage of the target area meets the clinical demand with a better protection of the organs at risk. The applicator template has the potential to be widely used as a conventional template in clinical practice as the applicator-guided implantation is convenient to operate and repeat.

Objective: To examine the eating behaviors and associated factors among preschool children from multiple child families, so as to provide a basis for promoting healthy eating habits in this population. Methods: From April to June 2022, a stratified random cluster sampling method was employed to selected 2 647 guardians of preschool children in 11 kindergartens in Tongling City. Parenting style questionnaire, Identification and Management of Feeding Difficulty Questionnaire (IMFeD), Caregiver s Feeding Style Questionnaire (CFSQ) and a self designed questionnaire were administered. Multiple linear regression was performed to analyze the factors influencing eating behaviors among preschool children. Results: In the study, the detection of eating behavior problems among preschool children was 71.4%, and the detection of reduced appetite was the highest (55.6%). The detection rates of anorexia, picky eating, poor eating and improper eating behavior in only child families were higher (60.6%, 41.0%, 32.0%, 19.5%), compared with those in multiple child families (51.7%, 36.4%, 27.2%, 16.6%) ( χ 2=20.05, 5.95, 7.16, 3.92, P < 0.05 ). Among multiple child families, the detection rates of fear of eating and underlying disease were the lowest in 5-<10-year-old group (2.3%, 0.6%) ( χ 2=11.54, 8.51, P <0.05). In multiple child families, the detection rates of picky eating and poor eating habits for the first-born child were higher (42.0%, 32.5%), compared with second born and third born child (34.6%, 25.6%)( χ 2= 6.15, 6.38, P <0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that multiplechild families ( β =-1.40), democratic parenting style ( β =-0.07), higher feeding response scores ( β =-0.33) were negatively associated with eating behavior problems among preschool children ( P <0.05). Eating behavior problems among preschool children were positively correlated with less educated mothers [high and junior high school education ( β =0.87), primary school education and below ( β =3.69)], longer average daily screen time ( β =0.10), higher feeding requirements scores ( β =0.64), doting parenting styles ( β =0.21), permissive parenting styles ( β =0.27) and inconsistent parenting styles ( β =0.14)( P <0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of the eating behaviors problems among preschool children is high in schools. Greater attention should be paid to only child and first born child of multiple child families, and appropriate feeding and parenting styles, so as to promote healthy eating habits among this population.

Objective: To explore the emotional and behavioral problems of different only child and multiple child families, and to provide a reference for developing effective parenting styles. Methods: A stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to investigate 2 647 guardians of preschool children in Tongling City from April to June, 2022. Children s emotional and behavioral problems were evaluated by using the self designed parenting questionnaire and the Children s Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) parent edition. Results: The abnormal total score detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children was 15.5%, and the rate of abnormal peer interaction was the highest (19.5%). In multiple child families, the first born child (17.5%, 20.4%), compared with the second and third child (11.5%, 9.5%), was more likely to exhibit conduct and hyperactivity problems ( χ 2=8.44, 29.75, P <0.01). There were differences in parenting attitudes between only child and multiple child families( χ 2=9.38, P <0.05). The results of the Logistic regression analysis showed that more frequent parent child discussion, the persuasive education and consistent family discipline strategy were negatively related to the emotional and behavioral problems of only children and children in multiple child families ( OR =0.15, 0.49, 0.38; 0.34, 0.40, 0.42, P <0.05). However, harmonious family relationships were only negatively related to emotional and behavioral problems in only children ( OR =0.08, P <0.01), and a higher education level among mothers was negatively related to emotional and behavioral problems in children from multiple child family environments( OR=0.30, 0.45, P <0.05). Conclusion The emotional and behavioral problems are serious of preschool children in Tongling City, the psychological development of the oldest children from multiple child and only child families should be actively followed, as this would help to promote a better understanding of the development of preschool children s physical and mental health.

Objectives:To assess bowel function and quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC)after ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA).Methods:Clinical data of 37 UC patients after IPAA between 2014 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University. The IBDQ and Bowel Function questionnaire were used for analyzing correlation between clinical variables and quality of life or bowel function.Results:Laparoscopic operation was performed in 12 cases at stage 2 and 25 cases at stage 3. Postoperative defecation of stage 3 patients were better than that of stage 2 ( t=6.72, P<0.05). The number of daily defecation in age >45-year-old group was more than that in <45-year-old ( t=3.49, P<0.05), and the rate of evening stool seepage in the older group was higher than in the younger group( t=5.28, P<0.05). The total score of intestinal symptoms of IBDQ in patients of pouchitis was lower than that without pouchitis ( r=0.330, P<0.05). The total score in age >45 in terms of systemic symptoms ( r=0.349, P<0.05) and emotional function ( r=0.379, P<0.05) was higher than age <45. Conclusions:Outcomes of UC patients after IPAA are satisfactory, bowel function and quality of life is related with age, and stage of IPAA affect postoperative defecation.

Objective:To investigate whether irradiated U251 glioma cells can induce bystander effects in unexposed neural stem cells (NSCs) thus affecting its proliferation, stemness and differentiation.Methods:The cells were divided into NSCs group, NSCs+ U251 group (co-cultured with U251) and NSCs+ IR U251 group (co-cultured with 10 Gy irradiated U251). Glioma cells and NSCs were co-cultured in a transwell insert set. Cell counting and neurosphere diameter measuring were carried out to evaluate the proliferation and neurosphere formation ability of NSCs. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the expression of Nestin protein to evaluate the stemness maintenance of NSCs, and to measure the expression levels of Tuj1 and GFAP proteins, the number of neuronal dendrites, synaptic length, the number of glial protrusions, as well as the length of glial protrusions.Results:The number of NSCs cultured with irradiated U251 cells was obviously smaller than that of NSCs cultured with sham-irradiated U251 cells ( t=2.52, P<0.05). The neurosphere formation ability of NSCs and the percentage of Nestin positive NSCs after co-culture with irradiated U251 cells significantly reduced in comparison with those after co-culture with sham-irradiated U251 cells ( t=-3.50, P<0.05). The percentages and the extent of NSCs differentiating into neuronal cells and glial cells( t=6.09, P<0.05)decreased obviously after co-culture with irradiated U251 cells in comparison with those after co-culture with sham-irradiated U251 cells. Conclusions:Irradiated glioma cells can significantly inhibit the proliferation, stemness and differentiation of unexposed NSCs due to bystander effect.

Objective: To understand emotional and behavioral problems of children aged 3-6 years, and to explore the role of parenting style in the development of those problems. Methods: A total of 2 278 children from 11 public kindergartens in Tongling City from April to June 2018 were selected by cluster sampling method. The questionnaire was made up by parents. The questionnaire mainly included: children, basic information of parents and children, children’s psychology and behavior, and parents’ education style, etc. Results: Among 2 278 children, 192(8.43%) had abnormal emotional symptoms, 214 (9.39%) had conduct problems, 376(16.50%) had hyperactivity problems, 537(23.57%) had peer problems, 233(10.2%) had abnormal total difficulty scores and 254(11.15%) had prosocial behaviors. Gender, age, health status of the child, second-hand smoke exposure of the baby, parents’ education level, family economic conditions, and parents’ education mode are all the influencing factors of children’s emotion and behavior(P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that father’s support participation(OR=0.96, 95%CI=0.95-0.98), mother’s support participation (OR=0.94, 95%CI=0.92-0.95), mother’s hostility compulsion (OR=1.08, 95%CI=1.06-1.10) and 3-6-year-old children’s abnormal mood and behavior were correlated(P<0.01). Conclusion Parental support and maternal hostile are related to emotional and behavioral problems of 3-6-year-old children.

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness and response status of China Infectious Disease Automated Alert and Response System (CIDARS) in Hunan province from 2012 to 2016 for improving the system. Methods: To collect the early warning signals, the number of suspected events, the result of on-site investigation, the signal response time and the result of public health emergencies, and the χ² test, correlation analysis and non-parametric test were used to analyze the information on CIDARS in Hunan Province during the period from 2012 to 2016. Results: A total of 108 188 signals were generated by the CIDARS in Hunan Province; The warning involved 30 kinds of infectious diseases and 138 counties (districts), and each county (district) received 3.00 weekly warning messages on average; 100% early warning signal was responded, 2 h response rate was 92.43%; The median response time (P25-P75) was 0.28 (0.11-0.77) h in the single case warning, and the five-year timely response rate showed an upward trend year by year (trend χ²=58.89, P<0.05); the median response time (P25-P75) was 0.56 (0.28~1.06) h in the time series warning, and the five-year timely response rate showed no trend (trend χ²=2.43, P>0.05); the time series warning response was more timely than the single case warning, and the difference between the two timely response rates was statistically significant(χ²=5156.60, P<0.05). The studies showed that the sensitivity, specificity, and detection timeliness of the system were 84.80%, 69.53%, and 2.80 d, respectively; There was no significant difference in the infectious diseases detecting timeliness of CIDARS(H=8.75, P>0.05); the system had the best effect in rubella, and the positive likelihood ratio of rubella is 4.36. Conclusions CIDARS in Hunan province runs well overall with high sensitivity and timely response to the early warning signals, but the specificity of the early warning system needs to be improved. The quality of the epidemic report of infectious diseases needs to be further improved, and the early warning parameters and warning method should be adjusted according to the characteristics of different diseases and the differences among different regions.

Objective To determine the prevalence and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) among citizens in Ningbo. Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling was applied to select 8 neighborhoods and 3 villages out of 7 districts in Ningbo, people who were older than or equal to 40 years were enrolled as subjects. Information on the prevalence rate and treatment conditions of COPD was collected through respiratory symptoms and treatment questionnaire and lung function screening. Results A total of 5865 people were screened, 5674 of them met inclusion criteria and completed questionnaire and lung function test. Among whom, 3044 people were men (53.6%, the average age is 55.7±11.4), 2630 women (46.4%, the average age was 55.3 ± 10.7);473 of them were diagnosed with COPD, the overall prevalence rate was 8.3%, including 354 cases who had never been diagnosed as COPD, accounted for 74.8% of the total cases diagnosed with COPD, mainly in stage ⅠandⅡof the disease. There were statistically significant differences between diagnosed and undiagnosed patients in the overall COPD group and among different gender groups ( stagesⅠandⅡ) and (stagesⅢandⅣ). Among the 473 COPD cases, 119 (diagnostic yield 25.2%) of whom had been diagnosed with bronchitis, only 48 (41.2%of the diagnosed) received drug treatment, only 13 patients were treated regularly with medication. Conclusion The overall prevalence rate of COPD among those over 40 years of age in Ningbo was quite high and mainly had stagesⅠandⅡof the disease. The number of the diagnostic yield and those who received regular treatment are quite low. The current situation of diagnosis and treatment are far from satisfaction, management of COPD should be strengthened to reduce the burden for family and society.

Objective To establish a mouse model of H.pylori infection, and to evaluate the chronic pathological changes in the gastric mucosa associated with H.pylori infection.Methods 34 male 5~6-week old SPF C57BL/6 mice were used in this study.The mice were intragastrically administrated with a suspension of H.pylori SS1 strain.Two weeks after infection, rapid urease test and PCR were performed to confirm the H.pylori infection.Successfully infected mice were randomly divided into 3 groups including the control group, 6-week and 12-week infected groups.Samples of gastric mucosa were taken for pathological analysis using HE and borax methylene blue staining.The contents of myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT) in the gastric tissues were detected by biochemistry, and the expression levels of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1β were examined by RT-qPCR.Results Compared with the control group, H.pylori colonization was observed in the gastric mucosa of the 6-week and 12-week infected mice, with chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia to varying extents.The contents of CAT and SOD were significantly decreased, while the levels of MPO and malonaldehyde MDA, and the expression levels of COX-2,iNOS,TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions Intragastric administration with H.pylori in C57BL/6 mice can be successfully used to generate the bacterial colonization, leading to chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, enhanced oxidative stress, and up-regulated expression of proinflammatory genes in the gastric glandular tissues at 6 and 12 weeks after inoculation.However, the inflammatory changes are more extensive in the mice at 12 weeks after infection, with glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia.