Objective:To study the clinical efficacy of roxadustat capsule combined with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) in the treatment of chronic kidney failure (CKD).Methods:A total of 105 patients with CKD complicated with renal anemia who received treatment in Yiwu Fuyuan Hospital from October 2019 to October 2022 were prospectively selected and divided into observation group (53 cases) and control group (52 cases) according to random number table method. Both groups received maintenance hemodialysis treatment, while the control group received rhEPO intravenous injection treatment. On the basis of the control group, the observation group received roxadustat oral treatment. After 8 weeks of continuous treatment, the clinical efficacy of both groups was determined, and the anemia indicators, micro inflammatory factors and iron metabolism indicators were compared.Results:The total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group: 96.23%(51/53) vs. 80.77% (42/52), there was statistical difference ( χ2 = 4.46, P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) and hematocrit (Hct) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group: (102.54 ± 9.37) g/L vs. (91.82 ± 10.20) g/L, (3.62 ± 0.59) × 10 12/L vs. (2.77 ± 0.63) × 10 12/L, 0.369 ± 0.068 vs. 0.288 ± 0.056, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in the observation group were lower those in the control group: (2.14 ± 0.56) μg/L vs. (3.26 ± 0.72) μg/L, (8.17 ± 2.44) mg/L vs. (10.73 ± 3.05) mg/L, (101.27 ± 14.95) μg/L vs. (123.74 ± 18.38) μg/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). After treatment, The levels of ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation in the observation group were higher than those in the control group and hemodulin was lower than that in the control group: (288.47 ± 26.65) μg/L vs.(259.66 ± 24.80) μg/L, (2.81 ± 0.31) g/L vs. (2.43 ± 0.35) g/L, 0.351 ± 0.051 vs. 0.299 ± 0.053, (95.17 ± 17.56) μg/L vs. (106.49 ± 19.28) μg/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Roxadustat combined with rhEPO has a significant therapeutic effect on CKD complicated with renal anemia, which can effectively improve the patient′s micro inflammatory state and iron metabolism, alleviate anemia symptoms.

Objective A neuroblastoma(NB)liver transplantation model was established and compared with the adrenal orthotopic transplantation model to explore its characteristics.Methods 5× 105 SK-N-SH cells were implanted along the long axis of the left lobe of mouse livers with a micro-injection needle.The growth,metastasis,expression of related genes,and histopathological changes of tumors were detected after the modeling.Results The tumor formation rate in mice inoculated with tumor cells reached 100％after 21 days,and tumor growth,metastasis,related gene expression changes,and pathological characteristics were apparent.Conclusions In this study,a neuroblastoma liver transplantation model was successfully constructed via a relatively simple surgical method to provide a more suitable choice for future scientific NB experiments.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infectious diseases caused by uropathogenic bacteria, characterized clinically by high infection and recurrence rates, with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) being the main causative agent. This bacterium possesses various virulence factors that enable it to adhere, colonize, invade, and cause disease in the bladder. This article reviews the pathogenic mechanisms of UPEC, focusing on its virulence factors, interactions with the host, and persistence in the body, aiming to expand our understanding of the processes involved in the occurrence and recurrence of UTIs.

Objective To investigate the resistance level of Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in Jinshan District, Shanghai, to provide a reference for standardizing the use of insecticides. Methods The larval dipping test was used to detect the resistance of Ae. Albopictus larvae to five kinds of insecticides, the SPSS 18.0 software was utilized to calculate the toxic regression equation and the median lethal concentration (LC50) of insecticides on the larvae. The resistance level was determined by evaluating the 24-hour mortality of adult Ae. Albopictus exposed to diagnostic doses of commonly used insecticides with the adult mosquito contact tube method. Results In 2018 and 2019, Ae. Albopictus larvae in the Jinshan District of Shanghai displayed moderate and high resistance to beta-cypermethrin, with resistance ratios of 25.03 and 65.96 folds respectively; high resistance to deltamethrin, with resistance ratios of 57.25 and 211.75 folds respectively; high resistance to permethrin, with resistance ratios of 46.17 and 243.36 folds. In 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2023, they showed moderate to high resistance to temephos with resistance ratios of 19.55, 23.94, 53.48, and 22.12 folds respectively. In 2021 and 2023, moderate resistance to fenitrothion was observed, with resistance ratios of 30.04 and 12.54 folds respectively. Adult Ae. Albopictus adults exhibited resistance to 0.03% deltamethrin, 0.07% lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.4% permethrin, and 0.08% beta-cypermethrin, with mortality rates ranging from 17.20% to 49.67% in 2021 and 2023. Potential resistance was observed to 0.7% lambda-cyhalothrin and 0.2% fenitrothion, with mortalities of 97.48% and 83.74% respectively. Sensitivity was noted to 0.05% propoxur with a mortality rate of 100.00%. Conclusions Ae. Albopictus in the Jinshan District, Shanghai, has developed varying resistance levels to different types of insecticides, including pyrethroids and organophosphates. It is recommended to strengthen the dynamic monitoring of the resistance of Ae. Albopictus and implement comprehensive prevention and control measures with a focus on environmental management, scientifically and rationally selecting hygienic insecticides to delay and mitigate the emergence of resistance.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection among patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in some regions of China. Methods Serum samples were collected from 3 131 patients with chronic HBV infection in 10 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions of China from March 2021 to June 2022, and anti-HDV IgG ELISA was used for the detection of all serum samples. Nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (nRT-PCR) was used to detect HDV RNA in anti-HDV IgG-positive samples, and the nRT-PCR amplification products of HDV RNA-positive samples were sequenced and analyzed to determine HDV genotype. The clinical features of anti-HDV IgG-positive patients were analyzed. The Mann-Whitney U rank sum test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test or the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results The positive rate of anti-HDV IgG in the 3 131 patients with chronic HBV infection was 0.70% (22/3 131), and that in the patients with chronic HBV infection in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Beijing, and Hunan Province was 1.81% (16/886), 0.88% (2/226), 0.28% (2/708), and 1.00% (2/200), respectively; the patients with chronic HBV infection in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region had a significantly higher positive rate of anti-HDV IgG than those in Beijing ( P =0.004), and there was no significant difference between the other regions ( P > 0.05). Clinical features of the patients with chronic HBV infection in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region showed that compared with the anti-HDV IgG-negative group, the anti-HDV IgG-positive group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with Mongol nationality ( P =0.001), abnormal alanine aminotransferase ( P =0.007), or antiviral treatment ( P =0.029), as well as a significantly lower median HBV DNA level ( P =0.030). A total of 19 HDV RNA-positive samples were identified, all of which had HDV genotype 1. Conclusion The prevalence rate of HDV varies greatly across different regions of China, with a higher prevalence rate of HDV in patients with chronic HBV infection from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. HDV genotype 1 is the predominant genotype in some provinces and cities of northern China.

OBJECTIVE In this study,the effects of live Lactobacillus murinus(L.m)and heat-killed L.muri-nus(H-k L.m)on DA neuronal damage in rats and the underlying mechanisms were investigated.METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:vehicle group,L.m/H-k L.m(1×109 cfu)group,6-OHDH group,6-OHDH + L.m/H-k L.m(1×107 cfu)group,and 6-OHDH + L.m/H-k L.m(1×109 cfu)group.Wild-type and NLRP3 knockout mice were divided into three groups:sham(vehicle),6-OHDH,and 6-OHDH + H-k L.m(1×109 cfu).The model was established after five weeks of pre-administration.Motor ability of experimental mice was assessed by rotarod,mine,and stepping experiments;the expression of dopaminergic neuron markers—tyro-sine hydroxylase(TH),microglial cell markers—ionized calnexin 1(IBA-1),and NOD-like receptor family protein 3(NLRP3)in the substantia nigra was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence experi-ments.The expression changes of TH,IBA-1,NLRP3,apoptosis-associated microparticle protein(ASC),cas-pase 1,and inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1β(IL-1β),IL-18,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were detected by immunoblotting experiments.RESULTS H-k L.m ameliorated 6-OHDH-induced motor dysfunctions and loss of substantia nigra DA neurons,while no protec-tion was shown in live L.m treatment.At the same time,H-k L.m reduced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors,thus inhibiting the development of neuroinflammation.Fur-thermore,H-k L.m failed to display its original neuropro-tective properties in NLRP3 inflammasome knockout mice.CONCLUSION H-k L.m conferred neuroprotec-tion against DA neuronal loss via the inhibition of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation,these findings provide a promising potential for future applications of L.m,and also beneficial strategy for PD treatment.

Objective:To analyze the Risk factors for rapid progression of inpatients with anti-melanoma differentiation associated gene5 (MDA5) antibody-positive dermamyositis (DM) complicated with interstitial lung disease (ILD), and construct a clinical predictive model.Methods:A total of 63 hospitalized patients with anti MDA5 positive DM combined with ILD (MDA5+ DM-ILD) from January 1, 2016 to May 30, 2022 at the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Military Medical University were included in the study. They were divided into a control group (DM-ILD) and an observation group (DM-RPPILD) based on whether they had rapidly progressing interstitial lung disease (RPILD). Retrospective collection and organization of clinical case data from patients were conducted, and binary logistic regression was used to summarize the risk factors of DM-RPILD. R software was used to construct a clinical prediction model for RPILD occurrence using training set data, and validation set data was used to verify the predictive ability of the model.Results:The proportion of patients with SpO 2<90% at the initial diagnosis of ILD, the titers of anti MDA5 antibodies, immunoglobulin M (IgM), serum ferritin (FER) levels, and positive rates of anti Ro52 antibodies in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, the lymphocyte (LYM) count level was lower than that of the control group (all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed SpO 2<90% at the initial diagnosis of ILD, FER level, LYM count, and anti Ro52 antibody were the influencing factors for the occurrence of RPILD (all P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the training set prediction model for predicting resistance to MDA5+ DM-RPILD was 0.922(95% CI: 0.887-0.957), with a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 72.5%; In the validation set, the prediction model predicted an AUC of 0.939(95% CI: 0.904-0.974) for resistance to MDA5+ DM-RPILD, with a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 88.9%; The calibration curves of the training and validation sets indicated that the predictive model had good calibration ability. Conclusions:SpO 2<90% at the initial diagnosis of ILD, FER levels increase, LYM count levels decrease, and anti Ro52 antibody positivity are risk factors for RPILD. The constructed clinical model has good predictive ability and has certain guiding significance for clinical work.

Oral microbial community, as an important part of human microbial community, is closely related to oral and general health. Oral microbiological research has become the forefront of international microbiological research. Standardized and unified nomenclature for oral microorganisms in Chinese is of great significance to support the development of oral medicine research. Standardized translation of microbial names is the basis for writing canonical and authoritative professional textbooks and reference books, which helps students to accurately acquire the characteristics and classifications of oral microbes. Unified translation of oral microorganisms is also conducive to academic communication and cooperation, and plays an important role in oral health education and science popularization, which enables oral microbiology knowledge to be accurately disseminated to the public. Therefore, in order to standardize the words in scientific research, funding application, publications, academic exchanges and science popularization within the field of oral medicine, we have fully discussed and revised the Chinese names of oral microorganisms in 2017 edition and ones of newly discovered oral microbes, finally reaching a consensus to form the 2023 edition of Chinese names of oral microorganisms.

Objective:To explore the construction and application of the evaluation system for ideological and political education in clinical medicine courses based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) models.Methods:The evaluation system for ideological and political education in clinical medicine courses was constructed based on AHP and FCE models in the Yaahp software. Ideological and political education checklist teaching that places equal emphasis on medical ethics and skill was implemented in internal medicine course taken by 185 students in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. At the end of the course, the evaluation system was used to obtain quantitative comprehensive evaluation results.Results:Based on AHP and FCE models, the evaluation system for ideological and political education in clinical medicine courses was established. The goal was education of students with both medical ethics and skill, the criteria included teachers' ethics, curriculum design, students' experience and development assessment, and thirteen alternatives were used in the system. The implementation effect of ideological and political education in internal medicine course of the first semester in the 2020-2021 academic year was evaluated by the evaluation system. The quantitative comprehensive evaluation score was 4.080 (range 1-5), which showed that the ideological and political education checklist teaching with equal emphasis on medical ethics and skill achieved good educating effect.Conclusion:The evaluation system for the implementation effect of ideological and political education in clinical medicine courses can be constructed based on the AHP and FCE models. The evaluation system is scientific, quantitative, comprehensive, and improvable.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) of the multi-target cerebral cortex after stroke on functional recovery of the upper limb of the hemiplegic side. MethodsFrom November, 2019 to August, 2020, 40 stroke patients in Gansu Provine Hospital Rehabilitation Center were included and randomly divided into single-target stimulation group (n = 20) and multiple-target stimulation group (n = 20). Both groups underwent basic neurorehabilitation drug therapy and conventional rehabilitation exercises. The single-target stimulation group received repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (iTBS mode) only in the primary motor cortex (M1) of the affected side. The multi-target stimulation group received rTMS (iTBS mode) in the cerebellar cortex of the healthy brain and M1 of the affected side, once a day, six days a week, for four weeks. Before and after treatment, the scores of Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and modified Barthel Index (MBI), and the latency and amplitude of somatosensory-evoked potentials N20 were compared. ResultsNo serious adverse reaction occurred during treatment. After treatment, the scores of FMA-UE, MBI and ARAT, and the amplitude and latency of N20 improved in both groups (|t| > 3.478, |Z| > 2.243, P < 0.05); and the scores of FMA-UE and ARAT, and the amplitude of N20 were better in the multiple-target stimulation group than in the single-target stimulation group (t > 2.939, Z = -2.697, P < 0.01). ConclusionMulti-target stimulation is superior to single-target stimulation for improving upper limb motor function and N20 amplitude in the hemiplegics after stroke.