Objective: To investigate the impact of preschool children s aquatic motor skill (AMS) acquisition on their fundamental motor skill (FMS) development and the correlation between AMS and FMS development, so ao to provide a scientific basis for early childhood education and physical education teaching. Methods: From April to June 2024, 60 children, recruited by random sampling from a kindergarten in Taiyuan, were stratified randomly divided into an experimental group ( n =30) and a control group ( n =30). The experimental group were further divided into five classes of six each. They received AMS practice interventions twice weekly, 40 minutes per session, over eight weeks (16 sessions total) at a designated swimming center. The control group maintained their usual routine. Children s FMS and AMS were assessed pre and post intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3rd (TGMD3) and Actual Aquatic Skills Test (AAST), respectively. Before and after test comparisons within and between groups employed t-tests, Wilcoxon signedrank tests, ANCOVA (including ranktransformed ANCOVA), and Cohen s d effect sizes were calculated for standardized mean differences. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze relationships between FMS and AMS. Results: After the aquatic learning, the experimental group scored significantly higher than the control group on locomotor skills ( F=20.47, P <0.01, η 2=0.26), FMS ( F=4.59, P =0.04, η 2=0.08), and AMS ( F=109.71, P<0.01, η 2=0.79). The experimental groups improvement in locomotor skills 5.0(3.8, 7.3) versus the control group (2.8±2.5) yielded a medium effect size (Cohen s d =0.71); AMS gains in the experimental group [26.0(20.8, 28.0)] versus controls [1.0(0, 2.3)] showed a very large effect size (Cohen s d =4.73) (both P <0.01). Among preschool children, AMS acquisition was positively correlated with locomotor skills ( r =0.39) and overall FMS ( r =0.43)(both P <0.05). Skill specific assessments revealed lower proficiency in headfirst entry (immersion), treading water, and sagittalplane rotation. Conclusion Preschool children s acquisition of AMS has a positive effect on their FMS, with mutual facilitation between the two, especially in locomotor abilities.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of C-TI-RADS 3 thyroid nodules with a diameter greater than 2 cm and explore their correlation with gender,nodule ingredient,contralateral cancer presence,diffuse echo changes,TPOAB and TGAB.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical and pathological information of 94 patients with thyroid nodules who were admitted to our department from September 2022 to March 2023.All the patients underwent cytological and/or histopathological examinations.The proportions of TBS I category,benign tumors,low-risk tumors,and malignant tumors were calculated.The proportion of TBS type Ⅰ,benign tumors,low-risk tumors,and malignant tumors was quantified.Subsequently,a comparative analysis was conducted among the benign,low-risk,and malignant groups in terms of clinical characteristics including gender distribution,nodule composition,contralateral cancer occurrence,diffuse echo changes presence,as well as TPOAB and TGAB levels.Results Seven cases in TBS I category were excluded.Among the remaining 87 cases with confirmed pathology results for nodules,there were 72 benign cases(38 cytology cases and 34 histology cases),5 low-risk thyroid tumors(2 cytology cases and 3 histology cases),10 malignant cases(8 PTC cases,1 FTC case,and 1 MTC case).There was a significant difference in nodule ingredient(cystic/solid)between different pathological types(x2=10.369,P=0.006).However,no statistical significance was found in terms of gender,diffuse echo changes,contralateral cancer presence,TPOAB or TGAB(P＞0.05).Further analysis showed that the proportion of solid component was higher in low-risk tumors than in benign nodules(x2=9.571,P=0.002).No statistical significance was found between malignant nodules and low-risk nodules(x2=2.143,P=0.143),or between malignant nodules and benign nodules(x2=2.165,P=0.141).Conclusion Although TI-RADS 3 nodules are generally considered as potentially benign according to various versions of thyroid imaging reporting and data system,malignant nodules still account for a certain proportion.Attention should be paid to thyroid nodules with a typical ultrasonic signs,such as cystic nodules,thyroid follicular tumors and medullary thyroid carcinoma.Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytopathology is necessary for evaluating benign and malignant nodules.It is necessary to pay attention to unsatisfactory or undiagnosable specimens to improve the accuracy of diagnosis.

Objective To analyze three-dimensional imaging characteristics and advantages for severe portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation, and to evaluate clinical efficacy of portal vein stent implantation. Methods Clinical data of 10 patients who received portal vein stent implantation for severe portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Imaging characteristics of severe portal vein stenosis, and advantages of three-dimensional reconstruction imaging and interventional treatment efficacy for severe portal vein stenosis were analyzed. Results Among 10 patients, 3 cases were diagnosed with centripetal stenosis, tortuosity angulation-induced stenosis in 2 cases, compression-induced stenosis in 2 cases, long-segment stenosis and/or vascular occlusion in 3 cases. Three-dimensional reconstruction images possessed advantages in accurate identification of stenosis, identification of stenosis types and measurement of stenosis length. All patients were successfully implanted with portal vein stents. After stent implantation, the diameter of the minimum diameter of portal vein was increased [(6.2±0.9) mm vs. (2.6±1.7) mm, P<0.05], the flow velocity at anastomotic site was decreased [(57±19) cm/s vs. (128±27) cm/s, P<0.05], and the flow velocity at the portal vein adjacent to the liver was increased [(41±6) cm/s vs. (18±6) cm/s, P<0.05]. One patient suffered from intrahepatic hematoma caused by interventional puncture, which was mitigated after conservative observation and treatment. The remaining patients did not experience relevant complications. Conclusions Three-dimensional visualization technique may visually display the location, characteristics and severity of stenosis, which is beneficial for clinicians to make treatment decisions and assist interventional procedures. Timely implantation of portal vein stent may effectively reverse pathological process and improve portal vein blood flow.

Objective To understand the sense of gain of elderly chronic patients,explore their influencing factors,and provide a basis for the subsequent enhancement of the sense of gain of elderly chronic patients.Methods The data for this study were obtained from a survey of elderly chronic patients in the affiliated hospital of Guangdong Medical University.Convenience sampling was used to survey 380 elderly chronic patients with hypertension,coronary heart disease and benign prostatic hyperplasia treated in the hospital.The questionnaire included sense of gain,demographic factors,physical function,psychological function,and social function,etc.One-way multi-sample rank test,Spearman′s correlation analysis,multifactorial ordered logistic regression model and CHAID categorical decision tree analysis were performed using SPSS 26.0.Results Among the 380 older chronically ill people surveyed,2.9%had no sense of gain at all,40.5%had unclear or moderate sense of gain,and 66.6%had a very strong sense of gain.The results of multifactorial ordered logistic regression showed marital status,education level,social support and spiritual pillars are associated with sense of gain with all above variables being statistically significant(P＜0.05).The OR values for unmarried,below junior high school level,high school and specialist,able to interact with others as they did before they got sick,spiritual pillars to make them no/a little feel the meaning of life,and limited moderate activities are 0.318,0.172,0.307,0.500,0.145,0.407,0.545,respectively,indicating relatively low sense of gain.The elderly chronic patients who usually did not feel depressed or sad,and did not have financial difficulties in their families due to their illness and treatment had a higher sense of gain with OR values being 3.042 and 1.988,respectively.The results of categorical decision tree analysis showed that whether or not spiritual support can make feel the meaning of life or the value of life,whether or not interact with other people as did before the disease,whether or not the disease has caused family′s financial difficulties,and whether or not have limitations on moderate activities are the most important factors influencing the sense of gain of the elderly chronic patients.Conclusion It is necessary to pay attention to the mental aspects of the elderly chronic patients and maintain interpersonal communication,and take targeted measures to help them reduce the degree of activity limitation as much as possible,so as to enhance the sense of gain of the elderly chronic patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect and possible mechanism of baicalein on hypoxia-induced cortical neuron injury in rats. METHODS The cortical neurons of rats （RN-C cells） were studied and cultured under hypoxic conditions （5%CO2， 94% N2， 1%O2） for 24 hours； the effects of different concentrations of baicalein （0.01， 0.1， 1， 10， 100 μmol/L） on the survival rate of hypoxic RN-C cells were investigated； the effects of baicalein （0.1 μmol/L） on the activities of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）， the content of malondialdehyde （MDA）， migration rate， apoptotic rate， cell cycle and the expressions of cleaved caspase-3， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2 X protein （Bax） were all detected. RESULTS Compared with control group， the survival rate of cells in the hypoxia group was significantly reduced （P＜0.01）； 0.01， 0.1 and 1 μmol/L baicalein could reverse survival rate of hypoxia-induced cortical neurons （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Scratch experiments showed that baicalein significantly increased the migration rate of hypoxic RN-C cells （P＜0.01）. Compared with control group， the activity of LDH in the supernatant and the content of MDA in the cells， apoptotic rate and the proportion of cells in G1 phase， were significantly increased in the hypoxia group， while SOD activity and the proportion of cells in G2+S phase was decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. The protein expressions of cleaved caspase-3 were increased significantly， while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in cells was significantly reduced （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with hypoxia group， the above indexes were all reversed significantly in baicalein group （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Baicalein can promote the proliferation and migration of cortical neurons， improve hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution， decrease the activity of LDH in supernatant and the level of cellular lipid peroxidation， and improve antioxidant levels. Its mechanism may be related to regulating the caspase- 3/Bax/Bcl-2 pathway.

Objective:To explore the effect of task-driven group workshop learning method on teaching satisfaction degree and practical ability in Mongolian medical nursing students.Methods:From September 2018 to January 2020, using convenient sampling method, a total of 38 Mongolian undergraduate nursing students of grade 2016 of Mongolian Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University were recruited as control group to receive traditional method, and the teaching practice activities were arranged after the main content was completed. Another 39 students of grade 2017 were recruited as observational group to receive task-driven group workshop learning method. The preparation of teaching practice tasks will run through all stages of teaching. The differences of students′ achievement, teaching satisfaction and autonomous learning ability between the two groups were compared.Results:The grade of observational group was 84.81 ± 3.45, higher than 76.16 ± 3.59 of the control group , which had significant difference ( t=-5.35, P<0.05). The score of teaching satisfaction of observational group was 82.00 ± 11.62, higher than 70.94 ± 6.65 in the control group, which had significant difference ( t=-5.10, P<0.05). The dimensions of information ability, cooperation ability and total score of the Autonomous Learning Ability Scale in observational group scored 39.28 ± 6.46, 24.54 ± 3.45, 98.13 ± 14.58, which were higher than 36.18 ± 5.46, 22.39 ± 3.59, 91.37 ± 11.47 in the control group, which had significant difference ( t=-2.27, -2.67, -2.26, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The task-driven group workshop learning method can improve the study result and the satisfaction of teaching, it can also improve the information ability and cooperation ability in Mongolian medical nursing students, which is worthy of reference in nursing teaching.

Objective:To analyze the postoperative paravertebral muscle degeneration and its correlations with health related quality of life (HRQL) in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery-transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF).Methods:The clinical data of the 50 patients were retrospectively analyzed who had undergone single-segmental MIS-TLIF at Department of Spinal Cord Surgery, The People's Hospital of Henan Province from January 2019 to December 2021. The relative volumes of lumbar posterior muscle (LM), the relative volumes of the psoas major (PM), and the rates of fatty degeneration (FD) of the fused segment and its adjacent segments were compared respectively between preoperation, 6 and 12 months postoperation. The correlations were analyzed between the HRQL scores [visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI)] and the relative LM volumes, the relative PM volumes, and the FD rates of the fused segment and its adjacent segments at 12 months postoperation.Results:Compared with the preoperative values, the relative LM volumes and the relative PM volumes of the fused segment and its adjacent segments at 6 and 12 months postoperation were significantly reduced while the FD rates significantly increased. However, the FD rate of the fused segment at 12 months postoperation (20.6% ± 6.1%) was significantly lower than that at 6 months postoperation (29.7% ± 8.2%) ( P < 0.05). The VAS score was strongly negatively or positively correlated with the relative LM volume ( r = -0.819, P < 0.001) and the FD rate ( r = 0.86, P < 0.001) of the fused segment, and moderately negatively correlated with the relative PM volume ( r = -0.435, P = 0.016). The ODI index was moderately negatively correlated with the relative LM volume ( r = -0.512, P = 0.004) and the relative PM volume ( r = -0.402, P = 0.020) of the fused segment, but moderately positively correlated with the FD rate of the fused segment ( r = 0.565, P = 0.001). There was a moderate negative correlation between the ODI index and the relative LM volume of the adjacent segments ( r = -0.478, P = 0.012). Conclusions:After MIS-TLIF, the volume of the paravertebral muscles decreases and the dorsal muscles develop fatty degeneration. The improvement of LM fatty degeneration may be observed by 12-month follow-up in the fused segment, but not in the adjacent segments. The LM volume and the FD rate of the fused segment are the most closely related to the postoperative HRQL.

Computer aided design, numerically controlled milling, additive manufacturing and other digital technologies have been widely used in clinical practice of prosthodontics. The application of these technologies not only changed the design and manufacturing workflow of removable partial denture (RPD), but also improved the production efficiency of dentures, and changed the design and manufacturing concept of dentures. A large number of researches on computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) of RPD have emerged in recent years, including researches on the properties of selective laser melting metal powder and other new dental materials, the innovative design of retainers, connectors, artificial teeth and other denture components, high precision manufacturing of the RPD framework, denture base and artificial teeth, quantitative laboratory evaluations of the accuracy, adaption and mechanical properties of RPD with new structures and made of new materials, clinical evaluations of RPD and others. This paper introduces these recent developments in CAD/CAM of RPD.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application of cervix-uterine internal target volume (ITV) in volume-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for cervical cancer under different bladder filling conditions, aiming to obtain more accurate planning target volume (PTV).Methods:Sixty-two patients with cervical cancer receiving radiotherapy rather than surgery were selected and randomly divided into the study ( n=31) and control groups ( n=31). In the study group, individualized ITV, PTV and PTV margin were obtained under three bladder filling status by localization CT scan to compare the VMAT. The target area and organs at risk (OARs) within the target area were statistically compared between two groups. The target missing rate in CBCT, adverse events and short-term efficacy of radiotherapy were analyzed in two groups. Results:There was no significant difference in the volume of target area and OARs in the target area between two groups (both P>0.05). In the study group, the target missing rate and target missing volume were significantly lower compared with those in the control group (both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of acute radiation-induced adverse events between two groups ( P>0.05). The 1-, 2-year overall survival and progress-free survival did not significantly differ between two groups (all P>0.05). One patient in the study group had uterine recurrence and 2 cases in the control group. Conclusion:Application of individualized cervix-uterine ITV and PTV in definitive VMAT under different bladder filling conditions can improve the accuracy of target area contouring and improve the local control rate in cervical cancer patients.

Objective: To investigate the impact of bladder filling status on the movement of uterine and on the volume of organs at risk(OAR), so as to provide theoretical basis for individualized internal target volume (ITV) and planning target volume (PTV). Methods: Simulation CT images for a total of 27 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer were acquired with empty bladder, 1.0 h after bladder filling, 1.5 h after bladder filling, respectively. The volumes of uterine corpus, cervix, OARs, CTV and PTV 1.0 h after bladder filling were delineated. The impact of bladder filling status on the displacements of cervix and corpus, volumetric changes of rectum, small intestine, and the volumes of small intestine, bladder and rectum within PTV were analyzed. The correlation between bladder filling status and uterine displacement and volume of OAR was also investigated, as well as the volume of cervix and corpus in the PTV with empty bladder and 1.5 h after bladder filling. Results: Bladder filling status is different for individual cases. The maximum movement range of cervix and uterine body with bladder filling state was 0-3.04 cm and 0-4.31 cm respectively. The anterior displacements of corpus (F=7.818, P<0.05), the volumetric changes of blander, as well the volume of bladder and small intestine in the PTV (F=46.197, 44.609, 29.546, P<0.05) were significantly different between different bladder filling status. The bladder filling status was correlated with the displacements of the anterior of corpus, volumetric changes of small intestine, and the volumes of bladder and small intestine within the PTV (r=-0.232, -0.298, 0.915, -0.336, P<0.05). The volumes of cervix and corpus out of the PTV were significantly different between the empty bladder and 1.5 h after bladder filling (t=-1.326, -1.559, P<0.05). Conclusions Bladder filling status was different for individual patients. The displacements of the anterior of the corpus were significantly affected by the bladder filling status. Increasing the anterior margin of PTV was recommended. The consistency of bladder filling status was critical for the precise cervical cancer IMRT.