AIM: To understand the publication status, research trends, and cutting-edge and hot topics in this field by conducting a bibliometrics analysis of relevant literatures on the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)in the past 30 a.METHODS:A total of 986 relevant literatures on the pathogenesis of POAG published on the core databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS)from 1 September 1993 to 1 September 2023 were retrieved. CiteSpace(6.2.R.4)and VOSviewer(1.6.18)software were used to conduct knowledge graph analysis on the retrieved literature, including publication volume, author, research institution, country/region, and keywords.RESULTS:The United States(243 articles)has the highest number of publications, followed by China(121 articles). The foreign institution with the highest number of publications is Harvard University(37 articles), while domestic institutions such as Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, ophthalmology department of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, and Peking University First Hospital tied for the highest number of publications. Louis R. Pasquale(21 articles)is the most prolific English author. Wang Ningli is the most active Chinese researcher in this field. Keywords include trabecular meshwork, intraocular pressure, aqueous humor, glucocorticoid, hemorheology, etc.CONCLUSION: The research on the pathogenesis of POAG is in a period of vigorous development. The United States has the largest number of publications in this field, and Harvard University is a leading institution in this field. The research focus in the field of POAG has shifted from the structural aspect to the genetic level, and gene research and traditional Chinese medicine treatment have broad application prospects in this field.

Purpose To explore the influence of different spin-locking frequencies on T1ρ values based on a 3.0T MR system.Materials and Methods Thirty-eight healthy adult volunteers underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from July to September 2023.T1ρ mapping and short-axis cine imaging with steady-state free precession sequences were performed with 3.0T MR system.T1ρ mapping sequence in three short-axis slices with three spin-lock frequencies at the amplitude of 5 Hz,300 Hz,400 Hz,and 500 Hz was scanned,respectively.T1ρ relaxation times and myocardial fibrosis index were quantified for each slice and each myocardial segment,the difference in T1ρ of different spin-locking frequencies and myocardial fibrosis index was analyzed using one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance method.Results T1ρ of 5 Hz,300 Hz,400 Hz,and 500 Hz were(33.9±2.8)ms,(43.4±2.1)ms,(45.4±2.6)ms and(46.5±2.4)ms,respectively;and T1ρ values showed a significant progressive increase from the low spin-lock frequency to the high spin-lock frequency of the heart(300 Hz vs.400 Hz:P<0.001;300 Hz vs.500 Hz:P<0.001;400 Hz vs.500 Hz:P=0.043).In addition,the measured myocardial fibrosis index at 300 Hz,400 Hz and 500 Hz were(9.4±2.2)ms,(11.3±2.9)ms and(12.6±2.7)ms,respectively.Statistical analysis underscored significant variations among these measurements(300 Hz vs.400 Hz:P<0.001;300 Hz vs.500 Hz:P<0.001;400 Hz vs.500 Hz:P=0.033).Conclusion In this prospective study,myocardial T1ρ values for the specific cardiac magnetic resonance setting are provided,and we found that spin-lock frequency can affect the T1ρ values.

Objective:To investigate the application of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) quantitative techniques in evaluating myocardial involvement differences between new onset and longstanding systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.Methods:From August 2020 to April 2023, 14 new onset and 15 longstanding SLE patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were prospectively included as the study group. Additionally, 18 age-, gender-, body surface area-, and body mass index-matched healthy volunteers were included as the control group. Clinical baseline data, electrocardiograms, and CMR results including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic volume index (LVESVI), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), cardiac index (CI), left ventricular stroke volume index (LVSVI), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), myocardial strain, native T 1 values, and T 2 values were collected. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the quantitative parameters among the three groups. Bonferroni correction was applied for pairwise group comparisons. Results:The native T 1 values [1 114.50 (1 089.33, 1 150.39) ms, 1 085.32 (1 051.31, 1 129.75) ms] and T 2 values [(55.9±3.4) ms, (53.3±1.5) ms] of new onset and longstanding SLE patients were higher than those of the healthy control group [native T 1 values 1052.62 (1024.75, 1077.59) ms, H=17.72, P<0.001; T 2 values (51.2±1.3) ms, F=18.70, P<0.001]. The T 2 values of the new onset SLE group was higher than that of the longstanding SLE group ( P<0.05). The LVEDVI[86.87 (80.80, 93.55) ml/m 2], LVSVI [54.63 (50.42, 59.03) ml/m 2], and LVMI [48.39 (41.65, 53.26) g/m 2] of the new onset SLE group were higher than those of the control group [LVEDVI: 71.11 (65.80, 81.28) ml/m 2, Z=3.02, P=0.003; LVSVI: 42.17 (40.36, 51.33) ml/m 2, Z=2.76, P=0.006; LVMI: 38.48 (35.22, 43.83) g/m 2, Z=3.10, P=0.002]. The LVEDVI and LVSVI of the new onset SLE group were also higher than those of the longstanding SLE group [LVEDVI: 73.30 (69.87, 84.71) ml/m 2, Z=1.97, P=0.048; LVSVI: 45.53 (42.28, 50.98) ml/m 2, Z=2.34, P=0.020]. Conclusion:Myocardial involvement is more severe in new onset SLE patients, whereas acute myocardial injury is alleviated in longstanding SLE patients. Therefore, early detection of cardiac involvement in SLE patients is crucial for improving prognosis.

Objective To explore the prognostic value of MCF in elderly patients with cardiac amy-loidosis using CMR.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 54 elderly patients with cardiac amyloidosis diagnosed in our hospital.All patients underwent CMR imaging.They were di-vided into a survival group of 25 cases and a mortality group of 29 cases based on clinical out-comes.Correlations of MCF with CMR parameters and biochemical indicators were evaluated.Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of patient survival.Survival analysis was used to assess the value of MCF in predicting patient prognosis.Results The surviv-al group had significantly higher MCF than the mortality group[(70.63±24.72)％vs(43.59± 13.36)％,P=0.001].As MCF increasing,LVEF level was in an increasing trend,while LVMI,LVGPWT,ECV,and troponin T and NT-proBNP levels showed a decreasing trend.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that MCF was an independent predictor of patient survival(HR=0.922,95％CI:0.866-0.981,P=0.011).Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the patients with MCF＞57％had significantly higher survival rates than those with MCF ≤57％(P＜0.01).Conclusion MCF is an effective imaging indicator for evaluating the prognosis of elderly patients with cardiac amyloidosis,which can help identify high-risk patients and guide clinical treatment.

Ferroptosis is a type of cell death accompanied by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, thus stimulating ferroptosis may be a potential strategy for treating gastric cancer, therapeutic agents against which are urgently required. Jiyuan oridonin A (JDA) is a natural compound isolated from Jiyuan

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is capable of hydrolyzing nearly all β-lactam antibiotics, posing an emerging threat to public health. There are currently less effective treatment options for treating NDM-1 positive “superbug”, and no promising NDM-1 inhibitors were used in clinical practice. In this study, structure–activity relationship based on thiosemicarbazone derivatives was systematically characterized and their potential activities combined with meropenem (MEM) were evaluated. Compounds 19bg and 19bh exhibited excellent activity against 10 NDM-positive isolate clinical isolates in reversing MEM resistance. Further studies demonstrated compounds 19bg and 19bh were uncompetitive NDM-1 inhibitors with Ki = 0.63 and 0.44 μmol/L, respectively. Molecular docking speculated that compounds 19bg and 19bh were most likely to bind in the allosteric pocket which would affect the catalytic effect of NDM-1 on the substrate meropenem. Toxicity evaluation experiment showed that no hemolysis activities even at concentrations of 1000 mg/mL against red blood cells. In vivo experimental results showed combination of MEM and compound 19bh was markedly effective in treating infections caused by NDM-1 positive strain and prolonging the survival time of sepsis mice. Our finding showed that compound 19bh might be a promising lead in developing new inhibitor to treat NDM-1 producing superbug.

Ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28) is closely associated to the occurrence and development of various malignancies, and thus has been validated as a promising therapeutic target for cancer therapy. To date, only few USP28 inhibitors with moderate inhibitory activity have been reported, highly potent and selective USP28 inhibitors with new chemotypes remain to be discovered for pathologically investigating the roles of deubiquitinase. In this current study, we reported the synthesis and biological evaluation of new [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-]pyrimidine derivatives as potent USP28 inhibitors. Especially, compound potently inhibited USP28 (IC = 1.10 ± 0.02 μmol/L,  = 40 nmol/L), showing selectivity over USP7 and LSD1 (IC > 100 μmol/L). Compound was cellularly engaged to USP28 in gastric cancer cells. Compound reversibly bound to USP28 and directly affected its protein levels, thus inhibiting the proliferation, cell cycle at S phase, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression in gastric cancer cell lines. Docking studies were performed to rationalize the potency of compound . Collectively, compound could serve as a new tool compound for the development of new USP28 inhibitors for exploring the roles of deubiquitinase in cancers.

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are mainly from intracellular arachidonic acids catalyzed by cytochrome P450 cyctooxygenase and degraded to lower active dihydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids by soluble epoxide hydrolase.In recent years,EETs have been found to be a new target for prevention and treatment of various nervous system diseases,such as anti-inflammatory reaction,anti-atherosclerosis,anti-cell apoptosis and angiogenesis.Intracerebral hemorrhage is a kind of serious acute cerebrovascular disease.Cerebral hemorrhage is a kind of acute cerebrovascular disease;secondary injury is one of the important mechanisms of cerebral hemorrhage;the present studies have confirmed that EETs have protective role in brain tissues after cerebral hemorrhage,thus,become new hotspot in the research of cerebral hemorrhage.This review focuses on the role and mechanism of EETs in intracerebral hemorrhage,hoping to provide some references for exploration of new research directions and therapeutic targets in the treatment ofintracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective:To investigate whether laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR) is an independent risk factor for vocal fold polyps and to analyze the potential mechanism.Methods:Case control survey was designed. Subjects who came to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from September 2018 to December 2019, including 152 cases with vocal fold polyps and 176 cases with normal vocal folds, were selected. All the subjects filled in a questionnaire and were assessed by the reflux symptom index (RSI) and the reflux finding score (RFS) scale. RSI>13 and(or) RFS>7 were classified as LPR. Chi-square test, univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.Results:The incidence of LPR and throat clearing in vocal fold polyps group (47.37%, 73.68%) was significantly higher than that in control group (27.27%, 59.09%), with statistically significant difference ( P<0.001, P=0.005, respectively). The incidence of troublesome cough, indigestion or stomach acid coming up was no difference between the two groups( P=0.672, P=0.099). Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that LPR ( OR=1.815, 95 %CI:1.061-3.103), occupational exposure( OR=2.655, 95 %CI:1.397-5.042), spicy food( OR=1.958, 95 %CI:1.142-3.355) were risk factors for vocal fold polyps. Conclusion:LPR, occupational exposure, spicy food are independent risk factors for vocal fold polyps. Frequent throat clearing caused by LPR may be the main cause of vocal ford polyps. In order to prevent vocal fold polyps, we need to take action to treat laryngopharyngeal reflux disease actively.

Histone lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) has been recognized as an important modulator in post-translational process in epigenetics. Dysregulation of LSD1 has been implicated in the development of various cancers. Herein, we report the discovery of the hit compound (IC = 3.93 μmol/L) and further medicinal chemistry efforts, leading to the generation of compound (IC = 49 nmol/L, and = 16 nmol/L), which inhibited LSD1 reversibly and competitively with H3K4me2, and was selective to LSD1 over MAO-A/B. Docking studies were performed to rationalize the potency of compound . Compound also showed strong antiproliferative activity against four leukemia cell lines (OCL-AML3, K562, THP-1 and U937) as well as the lymphoma cell line Raji with the IC values of 1.79, 1.30, 0.45, 1.22 and 1.40 μmol/L, respectively. In THP-1 cell line, significantly inhibited colony formation and caused remarkable morphological changes. Compound induced expression of CD86 and CD11b in THP-1 cells, confirming its cellular activity and ability of inducing differentiation. The findings further indicate that targeting LSD1 is a promising strategy for AML treatment, the triazole-fused pyrimidine derivatives are new scaffolds for the development of LSD1/KDM1A inhibitors.