Objective To explore the biological exposure limit of blood system damage caused by long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in non-occupational population by using the benchmark dose method, and to provide relevant reference for further improving the assessment of PAHs-induced health damage effects. Methods Adult residents living in downwind direction of a coke-oven plant in Shanxi Province were selected as the research subjects, and the information collected from baseline was used as the control. The metabolites of PAHs in urine were used as exposure biomarker, and the abnormal rate of red blood cell index was used as response biomarker. The relationship between urinary OH-PAHs and the erythrocyte damage rate was analyzed, and the benchmark dose (BMD) and the lower confidence limitation for the benchmark dose (BMDL) were calculated using Bayesian dose-optimizing software. Results The urinary PAH metabolites were mainly naphthalene and fluorene. The detection concentrations of 2-OHFlu and 1-OHPhe in the final year were higher than those in the baseline (P<0.05). With the increase of exposure years, the abnormal rate of red blood cells in the final year was higher than that in the baseline (P<0.05). In addition, the abnormal rate of red blood cells increased with the increase of the concentrations of five metabolites of PAHs in urine, and the chi-square trend test was significant (P<0.05). The benchmark dose (BMD) of OH-PAHs was 0.67 μmol/mol Cr, 0.82 μmol/mol Cr, 1.40 μmol/mol Cr and 0.78 μmol/mol Cr, respectively. The BMD of 2-OHNap in people with barbecue diet habits was 0.23 μmol/mol Cr. The BMD of 2-OHNap in people without barbecue diet habits was 1.44 μmol/mol Cr. Conclusion There is a dose-response relationship between the concentration of PAHs metabolites in urine and the damage of red blood cells. Long-term exposure to PAHs can lead to hematological damage. It is suggested that targeted public health interventions should be formulated to reduce the exposure of the general population to PAHs.

Adding biological passivation agent during composting is one of the most effective ways to reduce the toxicity of heavy metals in contaminated livestock manure. To further improve biological passivation, we obtained a strain with high-heavy metal compounds tolerance to passivate heavy-metal contaminated manure and to characterize heavy-metal biosorption. High-tolerance microorganisms for lead and cadmium were isolated and screened from swine manure composting samples. The strain was identified by its morphology and molecular biology. After the influence of different pH, temperature and salt concentrations on growth of the strain were investigated, the optimal growth conditions were obtained for further analysis of its biosorption characteristics of lead and cadmium. The bacterium with tolerance to lead and cadmium termed SC19 was obtained, whose lead resistance was 600 mg/L and cadmium resistance was 120 mg/L. The isolate was further identified as Cedecea sp., and then its optimum pH was 7.0, temperature was 37 °C, and salt concentration was 0.5%. Lead removal was highest after 30 min of adsorption by the SC19 strain cultured for the stationary phase 36 h, and the maximum removal rate and biosorption capacity of lead were 60.7% and 329.13 mg/g, respectively. Meanwhile, cadmium removal was highest after 30 min of adsorption by the strain cultured for the logarithmic phase 8 h, and the maximum removal rate and biosorption capacity of cadmium were 51.0% and 126.19 mg/g, respectively. Fourier Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) results revealed that the biosorption process mainly happened on the surface of SC19 cell and many active groups on the cell surface could chelate the Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺. By comprehensive comparison, it was showed that strain SC19 shared a certain capacity of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ biosorption, and the bacterium provided precious microbial germplasm resources for biological passivation of heavy metal contaminated manure.

Objective To use the "three-dimensional quality structure" model as a theoretical basis, based on multiple evidence-based evidence, to construct ICU nursing sensitivity quality indicators, and to provide reference for the evaluation and monitoring of ICU department nursing safety quality. Methods Evidence-based and Delphi methods were used to complete 3 rounds of inquiry among 27 experts to obtain consensus opinions of experts and to determine nursing quality indicators. Results Of the 30 articles included, 17 wereⅢA, 10 wereⅣA, 2 wereⅤA, and 1 wasⅤB. According to the"three-dimensional structure theory"model, the included indicators were sorted out and a total of 12 items were obtained. The effective recovery rate of 3 rounds of questionnaires was 96.6％, 100.0％, and 96.4％. The authoritative coefficients were 0.899, 0.895, and 0.909, and the coordination coefficients of the first, second, and third indexes were 0.340, 0.379, and 0.403, respectively,with significance (P<0.01). The final ICU nursing sensitivity quality indicator consists of 3 first-level indicators, 15 second-level indicators and 69 third-level indicators. The selection of indicators at all levels gradually converges. Conclusions The established ICU nursing sensitivity quality index accords with the principle of scientificity and practicality, and can be used for ICU department nursing quality assessment.

Pancreatic cancer has poor prognosis and lymph node metastasis is a poor prognostic factor in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer. The metastatic prevalence of para-aortic lymph node (PALN) ranges from 9.1% to 26.5% and it is listed as the distant metastatic group in pancreatic cancer. Nevertheless, it is controversial whether PALN metastasis is the contraindication of surgery in resectable pancreatic cancer for the shortage of level Ⅰ evidence.This study concluded that PALN metastasis indicated poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer, but some patients with PALN metastases could benefit from surgery and their survival could be much improved after the combination of surgery and adjuvant therapy. Therefore, it is not wise to refuse surgery for all pancreatic cancer patients with PALN metastasis and the clinicians can cautiously choose the patients to do surgery. Besides, there are mainly retrospective studies rather than prospective and multicenter studies to explore the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients with PALN metastasis. Thus, more prospective and multicenter studies are needed to decide whether PALN metastasis is an independent prognostic factor in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer.

Objective:To establish a quality standard for vinegar frankincense in Liuwei Jingkang capsules. Methods: TLC was used for the identification of vinegar frankincense. HPLC was used for the content determination of acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), which was the main active component in vinegar frankincense. A SHIMADZU Shim-pack VP-ODS(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5μm) column was used. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water containing 0. 01 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid (78 ∶22) at a flow rate of 1. 5 ml·min-1 . The column temperature was 30℃. The detection wavelength was 252 nm, and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The TLC method could identify the characteristic fluorescence of vinegar frankincense was without interference from the blank. There was a good linear relationship of AKBA within the concentration range of 0. 036 5-0. 730 8 mg·ml-1(r=0. 999 7). The average recovery was 98. 24% (RSD=0. 83%, n=9). Conclusion:The established method is accurate, highly sensitive and well re-producible, which can be used for the quality control of Liuwei Jingkang capsules.

Objective To systematically review the prevalence of hypothyroidism from 2000 to 2016 in China.Methods Twenty-five researches were selected from the database of Wanfang,CNKI,CBM,PubMed and Embass according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and reviewed systematically.Overall prevalence and 95％CI were calculated and forest plots were drawn by Stata 12.0.Results Based on the results from the existing data,the prevalence of hypothyroidism was 9.3％ (7.1％ for male and 12.2％ for female),compared with the group of 60 and over (11.8％),other age groups had lower prevalence of hypothyroidism (the groups of 18-＜ 40 and 40-＜ 60 was 7.4％ and 9.1％,respectively).The prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism was 1.1％ and 8.7％,respectively.In northwest area,the prevalence of hypothyroidism (14.9％) was significantly higher than those of other regions (the east area was 7.7％,north area was 8.0％,southwest area was 13.4％).The prevalence of hypothyroidism from 2011 to 2016 (10.8％) was higher than those of 2002 to 2010 (5.0％).The prevalence of iodine excess group (15.3％) was higher than that of iodine adequate group (8.9％) and that of iodine deficiency group (3.0％).Conclusion The prevalence of hypothyroidism in China has a tendency to increase in recent years,and the preventive and curative strategies to control hypothyroidism need to be further studied.

Objective To elucidate the function of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway underlying the regulation of Na+-I-symporter (NIS) and the influence of different levels of iodine on PI3K-AKT signaling pathway in lactating breast cells.Methods The primary cultured mammary gland cells were divided into three groups:①control group [0 μmol/L LY294002 + 0 μg/L insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ)];②stimulation group (50 μg/L IGF-Ⅰ);③inhibition group (40 μmo]/L LY294002 + 50 μg/L IGF-Ⅰ).In addition,the cells were treated with different iodine contents (0,5,50,1 000,3 000 μg/L) for low iodine groups 1 and 2,iodine group,high iodine groups 1 and 2,and IGF-Ⅰ (50 μg/L) was used to stimulate PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.The expressions of AKT and NIS mRNA and protein were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting,respectively.Results The expression of AKT mRNA (1.497 ± 0.550) in stimulation group was higher than that in inhibition group (0.777 ± 0.108,P ＜ 0.05),while the expression of NIS mRNA and protein in stimulation group (0.783 ± 0.187,0.618 ± 0.103) was lower than those in inhibition group (2.430 ± 1.423,1.417 ± 0.250,all P ＜ 0.05).With the iodine concentration increasing,except high iodine group 1 (1.090 ± 0.356),the expression of AKT mRNA in low iodine groups 1 and 2,iodine group,high iodine group 2 (1.758 ± 0.893,1.320 ± 0.538,1.003 ± 0.006,0.745 ± 0.307) tended to decline;total AKT protein (0.640 ± 0.106,0.601 ± 0.081,0.583 ± 0.089,0.555 ± 0.097,0.532 ± 0.023) and NIS mRNA (2.259 ± 0.682,1.823 ± 0.332,1.409 ± 0.366,1.321 ± 0.405,1.150 ± 0.454) tended to decline in low iodine groups 1 and 2,iodine group,high iodine groups 1 and 2;except low iodine group 2 (0.484 ± 0.179),NIS protein expression tended to decline (0.556 ± 0.199,0.502 ± 0.179,0.455 ± 0.126,0.435 ± 0.138);however,except low iodine group 2 (0.076 ± 0.045),the p-AKT protein expressions (0.078 ± 0.049,0.079 ± 0.040,0.085 ± 0.055,0.095 ± 0.051) were on the rise.Conclusion PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may play an inhibition role in the expression of NIS in lactating breast cells.

Objective To explore the relationship between iodine-rich diet and thyroid cancer.Methods PubMed,Excerpt Medica Database (EMbase),China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),WanFang,WeiPu,and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) were searched through computer,for relevant articles published before June 2016,to find case-control studies concerning the relationship between iodine-rich diet and thyroid cancer.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria for data extraction and quality evaluation,Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12.0.Results Totally 19 case-control studies were included in this study.Cases and controls were 47 316 people (case 6 662,control 40 654).The quality of the literature was reliable (the score was 6 points and more).Meta analysis results showed a total of 13 articles studied fish,more frequent intake (3 times per week and more) of fish can reduce the risk of thyroid cancer [odds ratio (OR) =0.87,95％ confidence interval (CI):0.77-0.98,P ＜ 0.05];except saltwater fish,a total of 16 articles studied seafood,more frequent intake of seafood (3 times per week and more) increases the risk of thyroid cancer (OR =1.48,95％CI:1.11-1.99,P＜ 0.05).Study factors subgroup analysis showed that seafood (OR =2.23,95％CI:1.45-3.45,P ＜ 0.05),marine animal food (OR =9.48,95％CI:5.03-17.88,P ＜ 0.05) and seaweed (OR =1.93,95％CI:1.39-2.69,P ＜ 0.05) can increase the risk of thyroid cancer,shellfish (OR =1.21,95％CI:0.94-1.56,P ＞ 0.05),saltwater fish (OR =0.94,95％CI:0.50-1.77,P ＞ 0.05)and freshwater fish (OR =0.90,95％CI:0.66-1.21,P ＞ 0.05) had no effect on the prevalence of thyroid cancer.Conclusion Seafood,marine animal foods and seaweed will increase the risk of thyroid cancer.

Objective To explore the influence of nutrition status on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer disease(AD)so as to provide theoretical support for clinical intervention. Methods A total of 182 patients with AD(over 60 years old)treated in Neurology Departments and Geriatrics Department from three class Ⅲ grade A general hospitals in Taiyuan City were selected as study subjects by purposive sampling from June to December 2016. The cognitive function and nutrition status were evaluated with the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)and the short-form mini-nutritional assessment(MNA-SF)respectively. The relation between them was analyzed with variance analysis,correlation analysis and regression analysis. Results The average score of MMSE and the total score of MNA-SF were(18.13±5.44)and(9.66±2.40). There were statistically significant differences in the dimension scores(weight loss during the last 3 months, having suffered psychological stress or acute disease in the past 3 months,mobility,neuropsychological problems,having food intake declined over the past 3 months due to loss of appetite,digestive problem, chewing or swallowing difficulties)and the total score of nutrition status among groups of mild,moderate and severe cognitive impairment(F=4.600,5.046,12.265,12.962,64.361,12.767;P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the dimension scores(weight loss during the last 3 months,mobility,neuropsychological problems,having food intake declined over the past 3 months due to loss of appetite,digestive problem,chewing or swallowing difficulties)and the total score of nutrition status had positive correlations with the score of MMSE with significant differences(r=0.033,0.510,0.324,0.550,0.386;P<0.05). The score of dimension on having suffered psychological stress or acute disease in the past 3 months had a significantly negative correlation with the score of MMSE(r=-0.166,P<0.05). Regression analysis revealed that there was still a positive correlation between the total score of nutrition status and the score of MMSE after adjusting ages,days for reading books and newspapers one week,being with brain diseases or medical histories(β′=0.365,P<0.05). Conclusions Medical staff should strengthen evaluation on early nutrition status in AD patients and take effective interventions so as to delay the progression of cognitive impairment and improve the quality of life of patients.

Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; blood ; diagnosis ; Plasma Cells ; cytology ; Plasmacytoma ; blood ; diagnosis