Objective:To investigate the characteristics of gene mutations in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL).Methods:Seventy-five AITL cases diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China from June 2021 to June 2023 were included. Their formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded or fresh tissues were subject to targeted next generation sequencing (NGS). The sequencing data was collected, and the distribution and type of gene mutations were analyzed.Results:492 potential driver mutations were identified in 74 out of the 84 genes. Targeted sequencing data for the 75 AITL patients showed that the genes with mutation frequencies of ≥10% were TET2 (89.3%), RHOA (57.3%), IDH2 (37.3%), DNMT3A (36.0%), KMT2C (21.3%), PLCG1 (12.0%), and KDM6B (10.7%). There were significant co-occurrence relationships between TET2 and RHOA, TET2 and IDH2, and RHOA and IDH2 gene mutations ( P<0.05), respectively, while TET2 and KDM6B gene mutations were mutually exclusive ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The study reveals the mutational characteristics of AITL patients using NGS technology, which would provide insights for molecular diagnosis and targeted therapy of AITL.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To investigate the application value and treatment opportunity of single balloon enteroscopy in children with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 33 children diagnosed with PJS in Hunan Children′s Hospital from January 2011 to September 2021.The patient′s age, gender, family history, clinical symptoms, enteroscopy examination and treatment, number of polyps, intraoperative and pos-toperative complications, surgical treatment, recurrence of surgery, and follow-up data were analyzed, and the chi- square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 33 PJS children aged (9.00±3.13) years, including 21 males and 12 females, were included.All of them received at least once single balloon enteroscopy test.The main manifestations of the children were black spots (33 cases) and multiple polyps in the digestive tract (31 cases). In all the 33 cases, black spots were distributed on lips.Some black spots were also found at the end of fingers (3 cases), at the end of foot toes(2 cases), and at the end of finger toes (6 cases). During the operation, 391 polyps were removed, most of which were jejunum polyps (37.08%, 145/391 polyps). Eleven children with PJS has intussusception, of which intestinal intussusception accounted for 90.91% (10/11 cases). Ten cases (30.30%, 10/33 cases) received surgical treatment, and 72.73% (8/11 cases) underwent surgery for acute refractory intussusception.One case had intestinal perforation and 2 cases were bleeding during the operation, and the 3 cases recovered completely after hemostatic clip sealing and surgical treatment.The incidence of hollow ileum polyps and giant polyps in children aged >8 years was higher than that in children aged ≤8 years[92.55% (149/161 polyps) vs.7.45%(12/161 polyps), 96.20%(76/79 polyps) vs.3.80% (3/79 polyps)]. The differences were statistically significant ( χ2=9.854, 8.711, all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of intussusception among different age groups ( P>0.05). Among the 33 children with PJS, 57.58% (19/33 cases) had recurrence 1-3 years after operation, and no cases of cancer have been followed up so far. Conclusions:Intestinal polyps are common in children with PJS, and the application of single-balloon enteroscopy in children with PJS is reliable and safe.Children over 8 years old are more vulnerable to empty ileum polyps and giant polyps.Therefore, it is advised that children aged above 8 years with PJS should undergo at least once enteroscopy.

【Objective】 To evaluate the performance of electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) in detecting HIV antigen/antibody in blood screening. 【Methods】 A total of 128 donors, reactive to anti-HIV(ELISA)testing, from September 2016 to September 2020 were enrolled, and seven samples were reactive to double anti-HIV reagents, among which 6 were confirmed by WB, 1 confirmed by NAT as negative.Two group of donors, reactive to solo anti-HIV reagent but being confirmed negative by WB(n=121) vs.randomly selected donors non-reactive to ELISA + NAT(June to September 2020, n=1360), were subjected to HIV antigen/antibody testing using ECLIA to compare the testing results, including concordance rate, sensitivity and specificity. 【Results】 The ECLIA results remained non-reactive for 1360 samples initially non-reactive to both ELISA and NAT.The concordance rate of anti-HIV reactivity by ECLIA and ELISA+ WB were 100%(6/6). For 122 samples, reactive to ELISA anti-HIV testing but nonreactive to confirmatory testing, 4(3.28%)of them were reactive to HIV antigen/antibody testing and 118(96.72%) nonreactive, with the concordance rate of ECLIA and ELISA at 96.88%(124/128). The sensitivity, specificity and false positive rate of ECLIA and ELISA were 100% vs 100%, 99.73% vs 91.77%, and 0.27% vs 8.23%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 ECLIA for HIV antigen/antibody detection has good sensitivity and specificity, which can meet the requirements of blood screening, and the false positive rate is lower than that of ELISA, adopted commonly in blood bank at present.

Objective:To explore the value of MRI features in predicting the pathological grade of rectal neuroendocrine tumors and to develop a predicting model.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 30 cases of rectal neuroendocrine tumors confirmed by surgery and pathology between 2013 and 2019. All of them underwent plain rectal MRI, DWI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. The clinical features and MRI characteristics (ie. tumor location, maximum tumor diameter, boundary, growth pattern, enhancement of three-staged lesions, and the lymph node metastasis) were analyzed by statistical methods to evaluate the difference between different tumor pathologic grades (G1, G2 and G3). Characteristics with statistical significance were analyzed by collinearity diagnostics, and stepwise regression method was used to select independent predictors. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was then conducted to develop the predicting model.Results:Maximum tumor diameter, tumor boundary, growth pattern, mr-T, mr-N, EMVI, MRF, T2WI signal intensity, tumor enhancement degree in venous phase and distant metastasis were closely correlated with the pathological grade of rectal neuroendocrine tumors ( P<0.001, 0.001, 0.001, <0.001, 0.001, 0.004, 0.024, 0.015, 0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The mr-T and tumor enhancement degree in venous phase were identified as the independent predictors to construct the prediction model. The model got ideal performance in predicting the grades, with the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) of 0.945, 0.624 and 0.896, the sensitivities were 75.0%, 85.7%, and 90.9% and corresponding specificities were 88.9%, 52.6% and 93.3% for G1, G2 and G3 rectal neuroendocrine tumors, respectively. Conclusion:The model based on mr-T and tumor enhancement degree in venous phase can serve as a clinical tool for predicting the pathological grade of rectal neuroendocrine tumors.

Objective:To explore the value of MRI features in predicting the pathological grade of rectal neuroendocrine tumors and to develop a predicting model.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 30 cases of rectal neuroendocrine tumors confirmed by surgery and pathology between 2013 and 2019. All of them underwent plain rectal MRI, DWI and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. The clinical features and MRI characteristics (ie. tumor location, maximum tumor diameter, boundary, growth pattern, enhancement of three-staged lesions, and the lymph node metastasis) were analyzed by statistical methods to evaluate the difference between different tumor pathologic grades (G1, G2 and G3). Characteristics with statistical significance were analyzed by collinearity diagnostics, and stepwise regression method was used to select independent predictors. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was then conducted to develop the predicting model.Results:Maximum tumor diameter, tumor boundary, growth pattern, mr-T, mr-N, EMVI, MRF, T2WI signal intensity, tumor enhancement degree in venous phase and distant metastasis were closely correlated with the pathological grade of rectal neuroendocrine tumors ( P<0.001, 0.001, 0.001, <0.001, 0.001, 0.004, 0.024, 0.015, 0.001, and <0.001, respectively). The mr-T and tumor enhancement degree in venous phase were identified as the independent predictors to construct the prediction model. The model got ideal performance in predicting the grades, with the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUCs) of 0.945, 0.624 and 0.896, the sensitivities were 75.0%, 85.7%, and 90.9% and corresponding specificities were 88.9%, 52.6% and 93.3% for G1, G2 and G3 rectal neuroendocrine tumors, respectively. Conclusion:The model based on mr-T and tumor enhancement degree in venous phase can serve as a clinical tool for predicting the pathological grade of rectal neuroendocrine tumors.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic accuracy improved by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for lymph node metastasis in T1-2 stage rectal cancer before treatment.Methods:Medical records of 327 patients with T1-2 rectal cancer who underwent pretreatment MRI and rectal tumor resection between January 2015 and November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Fifty-seven cases were divided into the lymph node metastasis group (N+ group) while other 270 cases in the non-lymph node metastasis group (N-group) according to the pathologic diagnosis. Two radiologist evaluated the tumor characteristics of MRI images. The relationship of the clinical and imaging characteristics of lymph node metastasis was assessed by using univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic abilities for the differentiation of N- from N+ tumors.Results:Among the 327 patients, MR-N evaluation was positive in 67 cases, which was statistically different from the pathological diagnosis ( P<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI for lymph node metastasis were 45.6%, 84.8% and 78.0%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that tumor morphology ( P=0.002), including mucus or not ( P<0.001), and MR-N evaluation ( P<0.001) were independent influencing factors for stage T1-2 rectal cancer with lymph node metastasis. The area under the ROC curve of rectal cancer with lymph node metastasis analyzed by the logistic regression model was 0.786 (95% CI: 0.720~0.852). Conclusions:Tumor morphology, including mucus or not, and MR-N evaluation can serve as independent biomarkers for differentiation of N- and N+ tumors. The model combined with these biomarkers facilitates to improve the diagnostic accuracy of lymph node metastasis in T1-2 rectal cancers by using MRI.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic accuracy improved by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for lymph node metastasis in T1-2 stage rectal cancer before treatment.Methods:Medical records of 327 patients with T1-2 rectal cancer who underwent pretreatment MRI and rectal tumor resection between January 2015 and November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Fifty-seven cases were divided into the lymph node metastasis group (N+ group) while other 270 cases in the non-lymph node metastasis group (N-group) according to the pathologic diagnosis. Two radiologist evaluated the tumor characteristics of MRI images. The relationship of the clinical and imaging characteristics of lymph node metastasis was assessed by using univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic abilities for the differentiation of N- from N+ tumors.Results:Among the 327 patients, MR-N evaluation was positive in 67 cases, which was statistically different from the pathological diagnosis ( P<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI for lymph node metastasis were 45.6%, 84.8% and 78.0%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed that tumor morphology ( P=0.002), including mucus or not ( P<0.001), and MR-N evaluation ( P<0.001) were independent influencing factors for stage T1-2 rectal cancer with lymph node metastasis. The area under the ROC curve of rectal cancer with lymph node metastasis analyzed by the logistic regression model was 0.786 (95% CI: 0.720~0.852). Conclusions:Tumor morphology, including mucus or not, and MR-N evaluation can serve as independent biomarkers for differentiation of N- and N+ tumors. The model combined with these biomarkers facilitates to improve the diagnostic accuracy of lymph node metastasis in T1-2 rectal cancers by using MRI.

Objective To investigate the expression of macrophages in the bone marrow of chronic lympho-cytic leukemia (CLL) patients and its clinical significance in the pathogenesis of CLL .Methods Fifty-eight patients with newly diagnosed CLL were selected ,including 24 cases of Binet A ,19 cases of Binet B ,15 cases of Binet C ,and 20 patients with iron deficiency anemia were selected as control group .Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of CD68+ (M1+M2 type) and CD163 (M2 type) in CLL patients . The expression differences in bone marrow tissues of CLL patients at different stages were compared . Results The numbers of CD68+ and CD163+ cells in CLL group were significantly higher than those in con-trol group (P<0 .05) ,while those in Binet C stage patients were higher than in Binet B stage patients (P<0 .05) and those in Binet B stage patients were higher than in Binet A stage patients (P<0 .05) .The progres-sion of CLL was positively correlated with the infiltration density of CD 163+ cells (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Macrophages have a high density of infiltration in the bone marrow of CLL patients ,and the infiltration densi-ty varies in different periods of CLL .With the progresses of the disease ,macrophages infiltrated into bone marrow gradually polarize to M 2 type ,w hich is relevant with the course of CLL progress .

Objective: To compare the diagnostic value of T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and T2WI+ DWI magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for staging of rectal cancers for improving the accuracy of tumor staging. Methods: From January 2011 to December 2013, 120 cases of rectal cancers proved by colonoscopy without receiving any anti-tumor treatment were enrolled retrospectively. The MRI data for these patients were divided into three groups, ie., T2WI, DWI and T2WI+ DWI, for evaluating the tumor stages. The results were compared with histopathologic findings. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared with chi-square test. The nodal staging was predicted by using T2WI+ DWI. Results: The accuracy for prediction of tumor staging was 83.3%, 65.0% and 92.5% for T2WI, DWI, and T2WI+ DWI respectively. The specificity for evaluating T1 and T2 stage, and the sensitivity for evaluating T3 by DWI was significantly lower than those using T2WI and T2WI+ DWI in rectal cancers. The sensitivity for evaluation of T2 by DWI was lower than that using T2WI+ DWI (63.0% vs. 88.9%). The sensitivity for evaluation T2 and specificity for T3 by T2WI+ DWI was higher than thouse using T2WI only (88.9% vs. 51.9%, 94.0% vs. 72.0%). The accuracy for prediction of nodal staging by using T2WI+ DWI was 62.1% (72/116). Conclusions T2WI is the key sequence for staging of rectal cancers. Although the diagnostic accuracy was not good by using DWI alone, the combination of T2WI and DWI can improve the accuracy significantly for tumor staging in rectal cancers, whereas the nodal staging was still a hard task for radiologists.