BACKGROUND:With the continuous advancement of medical technology,stem cell therapy has been used to treat a variety of diseases,including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of stem cell therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and prospect the development trend of this field. METHODS:PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),and WanFang Data were searched for articles published from 1995 to 2024 using the key words"amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,mesenchymal stem cells,neural stem/progenitor cells,pluripotent stem cells."A total of more than 1 700 articles were retrieved,and 58 articles were finally included in this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease that affects lower motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord and upper motor neurons in the motor cortex.The related research of stem cells in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has become a research hotspot.In this review,we summarize the application of different types of stem cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis research,including mesenchymal stem cells,neural stem progenitor cells,and induced pluripotent stem cells,and evaluate the key points of preclinical research such as stem cell source,cell volume,stem cell modification methods,and drug delivery routes,which lays the foundation for the future application of stem cell therapy.

Objective:To analyze the factors affecting delayed chemotherapy in children with Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and their influence on prognosis.Methods:Retrospective cohort study. Clinical data of 591 children aged ≤18 years with BL from May 2017 to December 2022 in China Net Childhood Lymphoma (CNCL) was collected. The patients were treated according to the protocol CNCL-BL-2017. According to the clinical characteristics, therapeutic regimen was divided into group A, group B and group C .Based on whether the total chemotherapy time was delayed, patients were divided into two groups: the delayed chemotherapy group and the non-delayed chemotherapy group. Based on the total delayed time of chemotherapy, patients in group C were divided into non-delayed chemotherapy group, 1-7 days delayed group and more than 7 days delayed group. Relationships between delayed chemotherapy and gender, age, tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy, bone marrow involvement, disease group (B/C group), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) > 4 times than normal, grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy, minimal residual disease in the interim assessment, and severe infection (including severe pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, chickenpox, etc.) were analyzed. Logistic analysis was used to identify the relevant factors. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the patients' survival information. Log-Rank was used for comparison between groups.Results:Among 591 patients, 504 were males and 87 were females, the follow-up time was 34.8 (18.6,50.1) months. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was (92.5±1.1)%,and the 3-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was (90.5±1.2)%. Seventy-three (12.4%) patients were in delayed chemotherapy group and 518 (87.6%) patients were in non-delayed chemotherapy group. The reasons for chemotherapy delay included 72 cases (98.6%) of severe infection, 65 cases (89.0%) of bone marrow suppression, 35 cases (47.9%) of organ dysfunction, 22 cases (30.1%) of tumor lysis syndrome,etc. There were 7 cases of chemotherapy delay in group B, which were seen in COPADM (vincristine+cyclophosphamide+prednisone+daunorubicin+methotrexate+intrathecal injection,4 cases) and CYM (methotrexate+cytarabine+intrathecal injection,3 cases) stages. There were 66 cases of chemotherapy delay in group C, which were common in COPADM (28 cases) and CYVE 1 (low dose cytarabine+high dose cytarabine+etoposide+methotrexate, 12 cases) stages. Multinomial Logistic regression analysis showed that the age over 10 years old ( OR=0.54,95% CI 0.30-0.93), tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy ( OR=0.48,95% CI 0.27-0.84) and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy ( OR=0.55,95% CI 0.33-0.91)were independent risk factors for chemotherapy delay.The 3-year OS rate and the 3-year EFS rate of children with Burkitt lymphoma in the delayed chemotherapy group were lower than those in the non-delayed chemotherapy group ((79.4±4.9)% vs. (94.2±1.1)%, (80.2±4.8)% vs. (92.0±1.2)%,both P<0.05). The 3-year OS rate of the group C with chemotherapy delay >7 days (42 cases) was lower than that of the group with chemotherapy delay of 1-7 days (22 cases) and the non-delay group (399 cases) ((76.7±6.9)% vs. (81.8±8.2)% vs. (92.7±1.3)%, P=0.002).The 3-year OS rate of the chemotherapy delay group (9 cases) in the COP (vincristine+cyclophosphamide+prednisone) phase was lower than that of the non-chemotherapy delay group (454 cases) ((66.7±15.7)% vs. (91.3±1.4)%, P=0.005). Similarly, the 3-year OS rate of the chemotherapy delay group (11 cases) in the COPADM1 phase was lower than that of the non-chemotherapy delay group (452 cases) ((63.6±14.5)% vs. (91.5±1.3)%, P=0.001). Conclusions:The delayed chemotherapy was related to the age over 10 years old, tumor lysis syndrome before chemotherapy and grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy in pediatric BL. There is a significant relationship between delayed chemotherapy and prognosis of BL in children.

Objective:To explore the views of adolescents with asthma on factors affecting disease self-management, so as to provide a basis for improving self-management of asthma children, and propose improvement suggestions.Methods:This study was a descriptive qualitative study. From February to June 2023, 10 to 17 year old children with asthma were recruited at the Asthma Clinic of the Children's Hospital affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics through purposive sampling. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted around self-management and its related factors, and the thematic analysis was used to analyse interview materials.Results:A total of 17 adolescents with asthma, aged (13.00±2.03) years, with a course of disease of (5.00±2.85) years, were included. The interview materials included two aspects, namely facilitators and barriers of self-management. The facilitators were coded into three themes and seven sub-themes, including the individual management awareness of children with asthma (sense of responsibility, compliance awareness), social support (parental care and compensation, teacher and classmate support, patient interaction), and health education (health guidance from doctors and nurses, school health propaganda). Barriers were encoded into three themes and six sub-themes, including disease cognition (demand competition, importance), social environment (interpersonal interaction, physical environment), and healthcare services (accessibility of medical services, school related medical resources) .Conclusions:The self-management of adolescents with asthma is affected by multiple factors. Individual management awareness, social support, and health education can promote self-management in children with asthma, while unfavorable factors in disease cognition, social environment, and healthcare services can hinder self-management in children with asthma. Medical and nursing staff should develop and implement empowerment plans for self-management of asthma children, by mobilizing multi-channel medical resources, providing multi-dimensional full process empowerment, and helping asthma children build a diverse interpersonal support network system, in order to promote effective health management transition for adolescents with asthma.

Objective:To analyze the research status, hotspots, and trends in dental implant nursing based on bibliometrics and knowledge graph.Methods:Literature on dental implant nursing was searched in the Web of Science Core Collection. The search period was from January 1, 2001, to September 1, 2023. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software was used to analyze publication volume, country, institution, keywords, and so on.Results:A total of 1 832 articles on dental implant nursing were obtained, and the number of publications on dental implant nursing increased yearly from 2001 to 2023. The country, institution, author, and journal with the highest number of publications were the United States (576), the University of Bern (73), Sorsa (17), and Clinical Oral Implants Research (75). The main research hotspots in dental implant nursing were the nursing of peri-implantitis and the classification management of risk factors. Conclusions:The research on dental implant nursing is increasingly receiving attention. Researchers, institutions, and different disciplines in related fields should strengthen cooperation.

【Objective】 To establish a highly sensitive detection method of platelet HPA-3 and HPA-15 genotyping by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and to explore the feasibility of applying it to the detection of human platelet antigen (HPA) compatibility in maternal peripheral blood fetal free DNA. 【Methods】 For SNP mutation sites of HPA-3 and HPA-15, specific primers and MGB probes were designed, and amplification conditions such as annealing temperature and primer concentration of ddPCR were optimized to establish the optimal reaction system and clarify the test procedures. The methodological performance of the assay was evaluated, including specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and stability. ddPCR was used to detect 67 clinical blood samples, and the allele typing results were compared with the gene sequencing results. The fetal free DNA HPA antigen of 52 maternal peripheral blood samples was detected. 【Results】 The ddPCR method for detecting platelet HPA-3 and HPA-15 showed good specificity of primers and probes. The optimal annealing temperatures for HPA-3 and HPA-15 were 61.6℃ and 60.2℃, respectively. The optimal concentrations of primers were 900 nM and 700 nM respectively. The final concentration of the probe was 250 nM. The quantitative detection range of copy number was 2 to 20 000 copies, with lower limit of detection of 0.1 copies/μL, and the linearity is good. In low copy number samples, the intra - and inter batch coefficient of variation (CV) of actual detection values for HPA-3 and HPA-15 were both lower than 5%. The detection results of HPA-3 and HPA-15 genotypes of 67 blood samples were consistent with the gene sequencing results, and its application in fetomaternal platelet HPA-3, HPA-15 genotype detection met expectations. 【Conclusion】 The HPA-3 and HPA-15 ddPCR detection system constructed in this study has high accuracy, good repeatability, stability and sensitivity, and can be applied to the establishment of platelet HPA-3 and HPA-15 genotype donor pool, gene matching and fetomaternal platelet compatibility detection.

【Objective】 To investigate the frequency of platelet antibodies in voluntary blood donors and patients in Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, and to study the specificity and cross-matching of platelet antibodies. 【Methods】 Platelet antibodies of blood donors and patients were screened by solid-phase immunoadsorption (SPIA), rechecked by flow cytometry (FCM), and antibody specificity was identified by PakPlus enzyme immunoassay, and platelet cross-matching was simulated by SPIA. 【Results】 A total of 1 049 blood donor samples and 598 patient samples were tested, with 6 (0.57%) and 49 (8.19%) samples positive for SPIA,respectively(P<0.05); In SPIA positive samples, the positive concordance rate of FCM in blood donors and patients was 100% vs 95%, and that of enzyme immunoassay was 100% vs 88%. Among the initial screening positive samples of blood donors, 5 were anti-HLA Ⅰ antibodies, accounting for 83%, and 1 was anti CD36 antibody, accounting for 17%, with an incidence rate of 0.10%. Among the 14 samples of enzyme immunoassay positive patients, 2 were anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa, 1 was anti-GP Ⅱa/Ⅱa, 8 were anti HLA Ⅰ, and 3 were mixed antibodies (HLA Ⅰ, GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa, GP Ⅰa/Ⅱa). According to the types of antibodies, HLA Ⅰ antibodies were the most common, accounting for 65% (11/17), followed by HPA related anti GP, accounting for 35% (6/17). The majority of patients had a platelet antibody positive typing rate below 30%, accounting for 71.4% (10/14). 【Conclusions】 The positive rate of platelet antibody of patients in Zhongshan area is significantly higher than that of voluntary blood donors, and most of them are anti-HLA Ⅰ and anti-GP, and the incidence of anti-CD36 is extremely low. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a known platelet antigen donor bank, and at the same time, carry out platelet antibody testing and matching of patients, which is helpful to solve the issue of platelet transfusion refractoriness.

Objective:To explore the process and content of family management of asthma children and their caregivers, so as to provide basis for improving the health outcomes of asthma children.Methods:This study is qualitative research. From March to April 2022, 26 children and 26 main caregivers from the Asthma Clinic of the Children's Hospital affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics were selected by objective sampling for semi-structured interviews. QSR Nvivo 12 software and subject analysis method were used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 4 themes and 13 sub-themes were extracted, including the content on family management of asthma children (inducement prevention, drug management, disease monitoring), the family management style of asthma children (disease management concept, asthma management expectation, disease management life routine, disease essence understanding, disease management difficulty), and the family factors affecting the transition of family management of asthma children to self-management (promoting transition factors, obstructing transition factors), psychosocial state (numbness, optimism and stigma) .Conclusions:The family management of asthma children needs the intervention and support of professional nursing staff to improve the family management and the health outcomes of asthma children.

Objective:To analyze research status and themes of integrated early childhood development, so as to provide a reference for the research of integrated early childhood development.Methods:Articles on integrated early childhood development in Web of Science were retrieved systematically. The search time period was from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021. The bibliometric analysis was carried out from the aspects of time trend, journals, countries and institutions distribution and so on. Research topics were mined and analyzed using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model.Results:A total of 891 articles were included, and the number of articles published in this field showed an growth trend, with a total of 200 source publications. United States was the main publishing country in this field, with 514 (57.688%) of the articles issued. Six topics were identified through the LDA topic model, which can be summarized into 4 merged themes, including the impact of caregivers on early childhood development, early education and early childhood development, childhood disease risk factors and early identification, policies and methods of early childhood development intervention.Conclusions:The number of articles on integrated early childhood development rises steadily. The topic analysis of the research is conducive to further providing the development direction for the integrated early childhood development.

Objective:To explore and analyze the online Q&A texts for hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) users in online health communities, and to provide references for health information services for HIP patients.Methods:A total of 108 590 Q&A texts were collected from "Diabetes Forum" and "Mom Forum". Social network analysis was used to construct the co-occurrence network of feature words in text content and carry out visual analysis and display. On the basis of identifying content themes, the relationship between themes and the nodes within themes were further analyzed, and the attributes of content themes were differentiated with Wilson's information behavior model.Results:In this study, a question and answer text feature word network for pregnant hyperglycemia users with 321 nodes was constructed, among which the largest sub-net included 177 nodes. A total of 12 content themes were identified to seek motivation around two major categories of information, including blood sugar control and coping with disease stress. Among them, the themes with physiological, cognitive, and emotional attributes were 4, 7 and 6, respectively. The number of feature words contained in drug treatment, diet and nutrition was the most prominent, and there were feature words with high degree of centrality in each theme.Conclusions:The content that hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) users pay attention to has multiple attributes and dimensions. Clinical and community healthcare workers and other health information providers can continuously improve the information service content for HIP patients to meet their health information needs.

Objective:To analyze the research status and hotspots of post-stroke cognitive impairment management, so as to provide basis for post-stroke cognitive impairment management.Methods:The articles on the post-stroke cognitive impairment management in the Web of Science from November 1, 2011 to November 1, 2021 were retrieved systematically. The bibliometric analysis was carried out from the aspects of year, journal and country. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model was used to mine potential topics and determine topic keywords.Results:A total of 1 815 articles were included. The overall number of the article showed a steady growth trend, with a total of 394 source publications, and the journal with the largest number of articles was Stroke (61 articles) . The United States was the main country for research in this field, with 34.93% (634/1 815) of the articles issued. Six topics were identified through the LDA topic model, including functional impairment and mental health in various fields of patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment, neuropsychological screening and evaluation tools, rehabilitation training and effect evaluation, support and health promotion of family caregivers, epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of post-stroke cognitive impairment. Conclusions:The research on the post-stroke cognitive impairment management is generally on the rise. The topic mining and analysis of the research is conducive to further providing the development direction and information support for the post-stroke cognitive impairment management.