Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics* ; Prognosis ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Mutation/genetics* ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/metabolism*

Objective To investigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male semen quality through meta-analysis and retrospec-tive study.Methods Literature retrieval was conducted in PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang Database and CBM database.Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.0.The male patients meeting the inclusion criteria from our hospital were enrolled as study subjects.General demographic data and semen parameters were collected.Single factor analysis of variance and graphing of semen parameters were con-ducted using GraphPad Prism 9.5.1.The test level was set at 0.05.Results A total of 9 studies involving 267 patients were included in the meta-analysis.There were no significant differences in sperm concentration and survival rate before and after SARS-CoV-2 infec-tion(P＞0.05).Semen volume and percentage of normal morphology significantly increased during 1-3 months after infection(P=0.005,P=0.010),with semen volume recovering to pre-infection level＞3 months later(P＞0.05).Sperm motility and progressive mo-tility increased＞3 months after infection(P=0.046,P=0.045),recovering to pre-infection levels(P=0.099,P=0.098).Sperm DNA fragmentation index may be temporarily elevated within 3 months after infection but gradually decreased＞3 months later.In the retrospective study of 8 cases,there were no statistical differences in semen parameters at different stages compared with pre-infection(P＞0.05),but semen parameters showed a negative trend during＜1 month after infection and recovered to pre-infection levels＞3 months later.Conclusion The results of this laboratory study are basically consistent with the meta-analysis.SARS-CoV-2 infection in males only caused short-term negative effects on sperm morphology,vitality and DNA integrity,but generally recovered to pre-infection levels＞3 months after infection.Due to the limitations of study subjects and sample size,the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male semen quality needs to be further confirmed by long-term large-scale prospective studies.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (Trans-PRK) combined with accelerated corneal cross-linking (CXL) for refractive error in patients with thin or irregular corneas, excluding keratoconus.Methods:An observational case series study was performed.Fifty-five right eyes of 55 myopic patients diagnosed with thin or irregular corneas, who underwent Trans-PRK combined with prophylactic CXL surgery, were included at Baotou Chaoju Eye Ophthalmic Hospital from August 2017 to July 2018.Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of the operated eye was measured using international standard visual acuity charts, and refractive diopters were measured by computer and comprehensive refraction before surgery and at 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.Corneal morphology was assessed with the Pentacam anterior segment analyzer before surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with a non-contact tonometer before surgery and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.The incidence of postoperative complications was recorded.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Baotou Chaoju Ophthalmic Hospital (No.btcj-u-1). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:Preoperative, 1-week, 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month postoperative UDVA (LogMAR) were 0.52(0.55, 0.78), 0.22(0.12, 0.17), 0.10(0.04, 0.07), 0.00(-0.04, -0.16), -0.08(-0.05, -0.03) and -0.08(-0.06, -0.04), respectively, showing a statistically significant overall difference ( Z=249.44, P<0.001). UDVA at each postoperative time point was improved compared to preoperative, and UDVA at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively was significantly improved compared to 1 week and 1 month postoperatively (all at P<0.001). The spherical diopter at each postoperative time point decreased significantly compared to preoperative, with the spherical diopter at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively being lower than that at 1 week postoperatively, and the 12-month postoperative spherical diopter being lower than that at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). The cylindrical degree at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively was lower than that at preoperative and 1 week postoperatively, with statistically significant differences (all at P<0.05). After the operation, the spherical equivalent of the operated eye gradually decreased with time, tending toward emmetropia.The spherical equivalent at each postoperative time point decreased compared to preoperative, with the spherical equivalent at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively being lower than that at 1 week postoperatively, and the spherical equivalent at 12 months postoperatively being lower than that at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). The corneal K1 and K2 values at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively were significantly lower than preoperatively (all at P<0.001), and the corneal K1 and K2 values at 3 months postoperatively tended to stabilize.The IOP of the operated eye at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively was significantly lower than preoperatively, and the IOP at 6 and 12 months postoperatively was lower than that at 1 and 3 months postoperatively, with statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). One eye developed grade 0.5 corneal haze at 1 week postoperatively, which spontaneously resolved to transparency at 1 month postoperatively. Conclusions:Trans-PRK combined with accelerated CXL has good efficacy, stability and safety for refractive error patients with thin or irregular corneas, except for keratoconus.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of alkaloids(epiberberine,coptisine,palma-tine,berberine)and catalpol in different ratios(1∶1,1∶10)of ancient and modern Qianjin Huanglian Pills,and to compare the differences in their contents.The content differences were compared to preliminarily evaluate the differences in the efficacy of Qianjin Huanglian Pills in the treatment of diabetes under different preparation processes and different ratios.Methods The alkaloid solvent was methanol∶ hydrochloric acid(100∶1).The detection conditions were as follows:C18 column,acetonitrile-0.05 mol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution(50∶50),detection wavelength 345 nm,column temperature 30℃,flow rate 1 mL·min-1,injection volume 10 μL.The catalpol solution was methanol∶ water(20∶80).The detection conditions were as follows:chromatographic column C18 column,methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid solution(1∶ 99),detection wavelength 210 nm,column temperature 30℃,flow rate 1 mL·min-1,injection volume 10 μL.Results The established method was spe-cific,and the separation effect of the five components was good.It exhibited a good linear relationship(R2＞0.999)in their respec-tive linear ranges.The repeatability,precision,stability,and sample recovery rate all met the requirements.The content of four alka-loids in the ancient method 1∶1 was the highest,and the content of catalpol was the lowest.The content of four alkaloids in the ancient method 1∶10 was the lowest;the content of 1∶1 in the present method was higher than that in the ancient method 1∶10,and the content of berberine in the present method 1∶10 was slightly lower than that in the present method 1∶1,and the rest were higher than that in the present method 1∶1.The PCA results showed that the chemical composition contents of the four kinds of Qianjin Huanglian pills were very different.Conclusion The method is simple,accurate,and reproducible,making it suitable for the quality control of Qianjin Huanglian Pills.It provides a theoretical basis for exploring the difference in efficacy of Qianjin Huanglian Pills.

Objective To compare the effect of three-dimensional visual (3DV) model, three-dimensional printing (3DP) model and computer-aided design (CAD) modified 3DP model in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) sublobular resection. Methods The clinical data of patients who underwent VATS sublobular resection in the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from November 2021 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 3 groups including a 3DV group, a 3DP group and a CAD-3DP group according to the tools used. The perioperative indexes and subjective evaluation of operators, patients and their families were compared. Results A total of 22 patients were included. There were 5 males and 17 females aged 32-77 (56.95±12.50) years. There were 9 patients in the 3DV group, 6 patients in the 3DP group, and 7 patients in the CAD-3DP group. There was no statistical difference in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, drainage volume, hospital stay time or postoperative complications among the groups (P>0.05). Based on the subjective evaluations of 4 surgeons, the CAD-3DP group was better than the 3DV group in the preoperative planning efficiency (P=0.025), intuitiveness (P=0.045) and doctor-patient communication difficulty (P=0.034); the CAD-3DP group was also better than the 3DP group in the overall satisfaction (P=0.023), preoperative planning difficulty (P=0.046) and efficiency (P=0.014). Based on the subjective evaluations of patients and their families, the CAD-3DP group was better than the 3DP group in helping understand the vessel around the tumor (P=0.016), surgical procedure (P=0.020), procedure selection (P=0.029), and overall satisfaction (P=0.048); the CAD-3DP group was better than the 3DV group in helping understand the tumor size (P=0.038). Conclusion CAD-modified 3DP model has certain advantages in pre-planning, intraoperative navigation and doctor-patient communication in the VATS sublobectomy.

Objective:To investigate the surgical effect of pedicled upper lip mucosal flap in repairing nasal septal mucosal defects after rhinoplasty.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed from January 2016 to October 2022, the clinical data of patients with nasal septal mucosal defects after rhinoplasty were collected in the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The pedicled upper lip mucosal flap was utilized for repair based on the patient’s medical history and wound condition. The pedicle of the flap was designed 1 cm adjacent to the frenulum of the upper lip, and an appropriate flap was incised based on the size of the wound, with dissection performed up to the superficial layer of the orbicularis oris muscle. The dissection establishes an upper lip tunnel that connects the gingival-buccal groove to the nasal cavity. The pedicled upper lip mucosal flap was elevated and transposed into the nasal cavity via the upper lip tunnel. The position of the flap was adjusted to ensure complete coverage and fixation of the nasal septal defect wound using 5-0 absorbable suture. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale were utilized to facilitate patients’ satisfaction evaluation and assessment of nasal obstruction symptoms before surgery and at 6 months post-surgery. The VAS total score was 10 points, with higher scores indicating greater levels of patient satisfaction. The NOSE scale comprises of 5 items, each assigned a score ranging from 0 to 4, denoting absence of symptoms, very mild presence, moderate intensity, relatively severe manifestation, and highly severe indication respectively. The measurement data of VAS and NOSE scores before surgery and at 6 months post-surgery was expressed by Mean±SD, using paired t-test. The score distribution of the NOSE scale was represented by the number of cases, using Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The study included a total of 15 female patients, with an average age of (27.6±2.9) years (ranging from 23 to 33 years). Eleven cases presented with preoperative cartilage exposure, and the size of tissue defect ranged from 0.9 cm×0.5 cm to 1.5 cm×0.7 cm. Nine patients had a history of smoking. Skin grafting was performed in 9 patients, while nasal mucosal metastasis was observed in 8 patients. The dimensions of the flap varied from 4.0 cm×1.2 cm to 7.0 cm×1.5 cm. The postoperative recovery was satisfactory, with successful survival of the skin flaps and no occurrences of infection, hematoma, wound dehiscence, or flap necrosis. The average duration of follow-up was (8.2±2.1) months (ranging from 6 to 12 months). The postoperative VAS score (7.73±0.88) was significantly higher compared to the preoperative score (1.86±0.74) ( P<0.01). Additionally, the postoperative NOSE score (4.66±1.71) showed a significant decrease from the preoperative score (10.73±2.68), with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01). Among them, after surgery items of stuffy or unbreathable nose (2 cases vs. 15 cases), nasal obstruction (1 case vs. 14 cases), and feeling that the nose was not enough to breathe during exercise or exertion (4 cases vs. 14 cases) scored≥2 points were significantly less than those before operation (all P<0.01). Conclusion:The utilization of pedicled upper lip mucosal flap in the reconstruction of severe nasal septal mucosal defects following rhinoplasty has proven to be highly effective. The postoperative satisfaction of patients is remarkably high, the ventilation function exhibits significant improvement, and no severe complications are observed.

Objective:To investigate the mediating role of frailty in the relationship between sedentary behavior and quality of life in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), so as to provide empirical evidence for improving the quality of life in COPD patients.Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey. Two hundred and twenty-eight patients with stable COPD attending outpatient clinic in Chongming Branch of Shanghai Tenth People′s Hospital from January 2022 to February 2023 were selected by convenience sampling method. The General Information Questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Tilburg Frailty Indicator, and the COPD Assessment Test Questionnaire were investigated. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the mediating role of frailty between sedentary behavior and quality of life, and Bootstrap method was used to analyze the mediating effect values.Results:Finally, 219 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective recovery rate was 96.05%(219/228). There were 168 males and 51 females, aged 69(62, 74) years old. The sedentary time of stable COPD patients was 6(5, 8) h/d, the frailty score was 5(3, 7) points, and the quality of life score was (13.56 ± 2.56) points. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the sedentary time, frailty in stable COPD were positively correlated with quality of life( r=0.420, 0.582, both P<0.01), and the sedentary time was also positively correlated with frailty ( r=0.698, P<0.01). Bootstrap method test results showed that the direct effect of sedentary time was 0.228 (95% CI 0.082-0.374), the indirect effect mediated by frailty was 0.169 (95% CI 0.080-0.215), and the total effect was 0.397, and the 95% CI of both the direct effect and the mediated effect did not contain 0. This model was partially mediated model with a 42.57% mediated effect. Conclusions:The quality of life of patients with stable COPD is at an intermediate level, and sedentary behavior can not only directly affect quality of life, but also indirectly affect quality of life by causing or aggravating debilitation. In clinical work, patients should be encouraged to avoid causing or aggravating debilitation due to prolonged sedentary behavior by standing, changing position frequently or performing light physical activities to promote the improvement of quality of life in the stable phase.

There are three types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue that stores energy, brown adipose tissue that expends energy, and beige adipose tissue which results from the browning of white adipose tissue. Research has established that adipose tissue is vital for energy metabolism. However, the complex regulatory mechanisms limit the development of effective therapeutic strategies for obesity and related metabolic diseases. This review explores the characteristics and functions of adipose tissue types, emphasizing the role of central hypothalamic nuclei in regulating peripheral adipose tissue function Additionally, it provides a summary and comparison of current research on leveraging brown and beige adipose tissue thermogenesis as a treatment for metabolic diseases, offering insights for the advancement of targeted therapies for obesity and related disorders.

Objective:To investigate the surgical effect of pedicled upper lip mucosal flap in repairing nasal septal mucosal defects after rhinoplasty.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed from January 2016 to October 2022, the clinical data of patients with nasal septal mucosal defects after rhinoplasty were collected in the Department of Plastic and Aesthetic (Burn) Surgery at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The pedicled upper lip mucosal flap was utilized for repair based on the patient’s medical history and wound condition. The pedicle of the flap was designed 1 cm adjacent to the frenulum of the upper lip, and an appropriate flap was incised based on the size of the wound, with dissection performed up to the superficial layer of the orbicularis oris muscle. The dissection establishes an upper lip tunnel that connects the gingival-buccal groove to the nasal cavity. The pedicled upper lip mucosal flap was elevated and transposed into the nasal cavity via the upper lip tunnel. The position of the flap was adjusted to ensure complete coverage and fixation of the nasal septal defect wound using 5-0 absorbable suture. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and the nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale were utilized to facilitate patients’ satisfaction evaluation and assessment of nasal obstruction symptoms before surgery and at 6 months post-surgery. The VAS total score was 10 points, with higher scores indicating greater levels of patient satisfaction. The NOSE scale comprises of 5 items, each assigned a score ranging from 0 to 4, denoting absence of symptoms, very mild presence, moderate intensity, relatively severe manifestation, and highly severe indication respectively. The measurement data of VAS and NOSE scores before surgery and at 6 months post-surgery was expressed by Mean±SD, using paired t-test. The score distribution of the NOSE scale was represented by the number of cases, using Mann-Whitney U test. Results:The study included a total of 15 female patients, with an average age of (27.6±2.9) years (ranging from 23 to 33 years). Eleven cases presented with preoperative cartilage exposure, and the size of tissue defect ranged from 0.9 cm×0.5 cm to 1.5 cm×0.7 cm. Nine patients had a history of smoking. Skin grafting was performed in 9 patients, while nasal mucosal metastasis was observed in 8 patients. The dimensions of the flap varied from 4.0 cm×1.2 cm to 7.0 cm×1.5 cm. The postoperative recovery was satisfactory, with successful survival of the skin flaps and no occurrences of infection, hematoma, wound dehiscence, or flap necrosis. The average duration of follow-up was (8.2±2.1) months (ranging from 6 to 12 months). The postoperative VAS score (7.73±0.88) was significantly higher compared to the preoperative score (1.86±0.74) ( P<0.01). Additionally, the postoperative NOSE score (4.66±1.71) showed a significant decrease from the preoperative score (10.73±2.68), with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01). Among them, after surgery items of stuffy or unbreathable nose (2 cases vs. 15 cases), nasal obstruction (1 case vs. 14 cases), and feeling that the nose was not enough to breathe during exercise or exertion (4 cases vs. 14 cases) scored≥2 points were significantly less than those before operation (all P<0.01). Conclusion:The utilization of pedicled upper lip mucosal flap in the reconstruction of severe nasal septal mucosal defects following rhinoplasty has proven to be highly effective. The postoperative satisfaction of patients is remarkably high, the ventilation function exhibits significant improvement, and no severe complications are observed.

Nipah virus(NipahVirus,NiV)is a zoonotic virus that can cause encephalitis and severe respiratory symptoms in humans and animals,and is at risk of being introduced into China.At present,there are many factors related to the transmission of Nipah virus disease(NVD),but the actual effects of these factors are controversial.Therefore,with the help of meta-analysis,this paper aims to determine the current mortality and the main means of transmission of NVD,so as to pro-vide reference for the input of controlling Nipah virus disease and making emergency plans for pre-vention and control in our country.By searching the articles published in Pubmed,Embase,Web of knowledge,CNKI,VIP Chinese Sci-tech Journals Database and Wanfang Database up to December 31,2022,the literature of cross-sectional,cohort and case-control studies with NiV encephalitis fa-tality rate(CFR)and risk factors were selected.Results showed that a total of 25 literatures were included in the meta-analysis after retrieval and screening,and the fatality rate of NiV encephalitis was 64.6％(95％CI,60.8-68.2;I2=96.8％).Subgroup analysis showed that tree climbing(OR=1.43;95％CI:1.05-1.96),bats were seen near their nighttime residence(OR=2.38;95％CI:1.74-3.25)and direct contact with date palm SAP(OR=6.01;95％CI:4.07-8.89)Bananas(OR=2.25;95％CI:1.31-3.85)OR porcine(OR=11.87;95％CI:1.15-122.23)was significantly associated with NiV encephalitis.The results of this study suggest that NiV encephalitis has a high mortality rate,and tree climbing,nocturnal exposure to bats,and exposure to pig,banana,and date palm SAP increase the risk of NiV encephalitis.In order to prevent NiV transmission,epidemic surveillance,education and publicity should be strengthened and protective measures should be taken.