BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury （NSSI） behaviors are prevalent among adolescents， significantly affecting their physical and mental well-being. Understanding the risk factors associated with adolescent NSSI is crucial for prevention. Previous studies have identified mobile phone dependence as a risk factor for NSSI in adolescents. However， as a key form of mobile phone dependence， the evidence regarding the impact of mobile phone social media dependence on adolescent NSSI behavior remains insufficient. ObjectiveTo explore the impact of mobile phone social media dependence and its associated factors on adolescent NSSI behavior， so as to provide references for intervention strategies targeting NSSI in adolescents. MethodsA total of 100 adolescents diagnosed with NSSI according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5）， and receiving treatment at Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January 2022 to December 2023 were included in the study group. Concurrently， 100 age- and sex-matched students from Hangzhou were recruited as the control group. Assessments were conducted using Ottawa Self-injury Inventory（OSI） Function Subscale and Addiction Features Subscale， Adolescents Self-Harm Scale（ASHS）， and Mobile Phone Social Media Dependence Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors influencing NSSI behaviors. ResultsThe research group had a total of 99 patients （99.00%） who completed the study， while the control group consisted of 97 （97.00%） adolescents who finished this research.The study group had statistically significantly higher total scores on the Mobile Phone Social Media Dependence Questionnaire， as well as higher scores on the conflict and withdrawal dimensions， compared with control group（t=-3.061， -2.874， -2.368， P<0.05 or 0.01）. The study group also scored significantly higher on the OSI Function Subscale for internal emotion regulation， social influence， external emotion regulation， and sensation-seeking factors， as well as on the OSI Addiction Features Subscale scores， compared to the control group（t=-22.249， -8.854， -17.968， -10.591， -20.157， P<0.01）. OSI Function Subscale scores were positively correlated with Mobile Phone Social Media Dependence Questionnaire scores （r=0.321， P<0.01）， and OSI Addiction Features Subscale scores were positively correlated with Mobile Phone Social Media Dependence Questionnaire scores （r=0.282， P<0.01）. ASHS scores were positively correlated with Mobile Phone Social Media Dependence Questionnaire scores （r=0.145， P<0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that compulsivity （β=0.416， P<0.01） and conflict （β=0.256， P<0.05） were significant predictors for adolescent NSSI behaviors. ConclusionAdolescent NSSI behaviors are associated with mobile phone social media dependence. The compulsivity and conflict dimension of mobile phone social media dependence are influencing factors for adolescent NSSI behaviors. The higher level of the compulsivity and conflict are associated with an increased risk of the NSSI behaviors in adolescents. ［Funde by Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project in 2022 （number， 2022KY704］

[Objective] To extract hemoglobin (Hb) from red blood cells using osmotic pressure swelling method, expected to achieve a hemoglobin dissolution rate of ≥80% and a cell membrane integrity rate of ≥70%. [Methods] Human umbilical cord blood red blood cells were used as raw materials and phosphate buffer solution was used as the swelling solution for red blood cells. A three factor three-level orthogonal experiment (n=3) was conducted to determine the optimal matching conditions for selecting the osmolality molar concentration of phosphate buffer solution, pH value of hypotonic phosphate buffer solution and volume ratio of hypotonic phosphate buffer solution to washed red blood cells. Red blood cell swelling solution samples (n=6) were prepared by the optimal matching conditions and the original process conditions. The hemoglobin dissolution rate and cell membrane integrity rate were checked. In the expanded comparative experiment, red blood cell swelling solution samples (n=6) were prepared by the optimal matching conditions and the original process conditions, which was filtered by ultrafiltration membranes. The filtration time and hemoglobin yield were checked. [Results] The optimal matching conditions for preparing red blood cell swelling solution were obtained through orthogonal experiment as follows: osmotic pressure molar concentration was 30 mOsmol/Kg, pH was 7.8, and phosphate buffer to red blood cell volume ratio was 6∶1. On the basis of the above conditions, the red blood cell swelling solution sample was compared with the original process sample: the hemoglobin dissolution rate was (82.4±1.8)% vs (78.6±3.0)% (P<0.05), and the cell membrane integrity rate was (65.8±4.0)% vs (28.7±2.3)% (P<0.05). In the expanded comparative experiment, the optimal matching conditions were compared with the original process conditions: filtration time(s) (327±9) vs (434±13) (P<0.05), and hemoglobin yield was (72.3±1.2)% vs (66.0±1.4)% (P<0.05). [Conclusion] Compared with the original preparation process, the hemoglobin extraction process which optimized through orthogonal experiments greatly reduces the cell membrane fragmentation rate and minimizes the entry of cell membrane matrix into the target solution, ensuring a slightly higher hemoglobin dissolution rate, and reducing the preparation difficulty for the subsequent cell membrane separation and further purification.

Electromagnetic fields can regulate the fundamental biological processes involved in bone remodeling. As a non-invasive physical therapy, electromagnetic fields with specific parameters have demonstrated therapeutic effects on bone remodeling diseases, such as fractures and osteoporosis. Electromagnetic fields can be generated by the movement of charged particles or induced by varying currents. Based on whether the strength and direction of the electric field change over time, electromagnetic fields can be classified into static and time-varying fields. The treatment of bone remodeling diseases with static magnetic fields primarily focuses on fractures, often using magnetic splints to immobilize the fracture site while studying the effects of static magnetic fields on bone healing. However, there has been relatively little research on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis using static magnetic fields. Pulsed electromagnetic fields, a type of time-varying field, have been widely used in clinical studies for treating fractures, osteoporosis, and non-union. However, current clinical applications are limited to low-frequency, and research on the relationship between frequency and biological effects remains insufficient. We believe that different types of electromagnetic fields acting on bone can induce various “secondary physical quantities”, such as magnetism, force, electricity, acoustics, and thermal energy, which can stimulate bone cells either individually or simultaneously. Bone cells possess specific electromagnetic properties, and in a static magnetic field, the presence of a magnetic field gradient can exert a certain magnetism on the bone tissue, leading to observable effects. In a time-varying magnetic field, the charged particles within the bone experience varying Lorentz forces, causing vibrations and generating acoustic effects. Additionally, as the frequency of the time-varying field increases, induced currents or potentials can be generated within the bone, leading to electrical effects. When the frequency and power exceed a certain threshold, electromagnetic energy can be converted into thermal energy, producing thermal effects. In summary, external electromagnetic fields with different characteristics can generate multiple physical quantities within biological tissues, such as magnetic, electric, mechanical, acoustic, and thermal effects. These physical quantities may also interact and couple with each other, stimulating the biological tissues in a combined or composite manner, thereby producing biological effects. This understanding is key to elucidating the electromagnetic mechanisms of how electromagnetic fields influence biological tissues. In the study of electromagnetic fields for bone remodeling diseases, attention should be paid to the biological effects of bone remodeling under different electromagnetic wave characteristics. This includes exploring innovative electromagnetic source technologies applicable to bone remodeling, identifying safe and effective electromagnetic field parameters, and combining basic research with technological invention to develop scientifically grounded, advanced key technologies for innovative electromagnetic treatment devices targeting bone remodeling diseases. In conclusion, electromagnetic fields and multiple physical factors have the potential to prevent and treat bone remodeling diseases, and have significant application prospects.

[Objective] To investigate the protective effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection (SMI) on the kidneys of HBOC-CHP01 resuscitated haemorrhagic shock rats. [Methods] A 50% haemorrhagic shock rat model was established, with 12 rats divided into two groups: SMI + HBOC-CHP01 group and HBOC-CHP01 group, with 6 rats in each group. The rats in the SMI+ HBOC-CHP01 group were given an equal volume of HBOC-CHP01 for resuscitation after haemorrhagic shock, and an 8 mL/kg dose of SMI. Rats in the HBOC-CHP01 group were resuscitated by administering an equilibrium blood loss volume of HBOC-CHP01 and given an 8 mL/kg dose of 0.9% NaCl solution. Blood was taken from rats at five points: before bloodletting (baseline), during haemorrhagic shock (HS), immediately after resuscitation (RS0h), 1 h after resuscitation (RS1h), and 24 h after resuscitation (RS24h). A blood gas analyser was used to detect the lactate level (Lac), glucose content (Glu), residual base (BEecf), pH, bicarbonate (HCO3-), high iron haemoglobin (MetHb). White blood cells (WBC), platelets (PLT), haemoglobin content (Hb), carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) were detected using a quintuple classification. Blood creatinine (SCr), uric acid (UA), kidney-related indexes were detected using biochemistry instrument. Kidney tissues of the rats were taken after 24 h of resuscitation and after execution, and the inflammation of kidneys of the rats of the two groups was analyzed using HE staining. Fluorescence staining was used to detect the level of ROS in the kidneys of rats in both groups. [Results] At RS 0h, the Beecf, Glu and Lac levels of rats in the SMI+HBOC-CHP01 group were significantly lower than those of rats in the HBOC-CHP01 group, and the pH level of rats in the SMI+HBOC-CHP01 group was significantly higher than that of rats in the HBOC-CHP01 group, and the Glu levels of rats in the SMI+HBOC-CHP01 group were significantly lower than those of rats in the HBOC-CHP01 group at RS 1h. At RS 0h, the WBC, PLT and COHb contents of rats in the SMI+HBOC-CHP01 group were all significantly higher than those of rats in the HBOC-CHP01 group, and at RS 1h, the WBC content of rats in the SMI+HBOC-CHP01 group was significantly higher than that of rats in the HBOC-CHP01 group; at RS 1h, the UA content of rats in the SMI+HBOC-CHP01 group was significantly lower than that of rats in the HBOC-CHP01 group; at RS 24h, the SCr content of rats in the SMI+HBOC-CHP01 group was significantly lower than that of rats in the HBOC-CHP01 group; at RS 24h, the inflammation level of kidney tissues of rats in the SMI+HBOC-CHP01 group was significantly lower than that of rats in the HBOC -CHP01 group rats, and the ROS and MPO levels in the kidney tissues of rats in the SMI+HBOC-CHP01 group were significantly lower than those of rats in the HBOC-CHP01 group. [Conclusion] The combination of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection during the resuscitation of rats with severe haemorrhagic shock by HBOC-CHP01 can alleviate renal injury by reducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress.

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may affect serum hormones levels and male sexual function. This study aims to provide evidence for the causal relationship between COVID-19 infection, serum testosterone levels and the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Materials and Methods: Summary-level data for serum testosterone levels (199,569 samples and 12,321,875 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) were obtained from Rebecca’s study, while data for ED (6,175 cases and 217,630 controls) were sourced from Bovijn’s study. Genetic variations linked to COVID-19 were used as instrumental variables (IVs) in meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) involving 6,406 cases and 902,088 controls from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative.The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was primarily employed to evaluate the potential associations between COVID-19 infection, serum testosterone levels, and the risk of ED. The weighted mode, weighted-median and simple-median method were employed to evaluate the sensitivity. Heterogeneity and pleiotropic outlier were assessed using Cochran’s Q test and MREgger regression. Results: The MR analysis demonstrated that COVID-19 infection was associated with reduced serum testosterone levels (odds ratio [OR] 0.966, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.938–0.993, p=0.016) and an increased risk of ED (OR 1.205, 95% CI 1.063–1.367, p=0.004) when using IVW methods. Sensitivity analyses utilizing various IV sets and MR approach remained consistent. Conclusions COVID-19 infection is associated with a decrease in serum testosterone levels and an increased risk of ED. Male patients recovering from COVID-19 need to pay special attention to their sex hormone levels and sexual health.

Objective: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is currently the most common surgical procedure for unstable Kummell disease (KD), but cement loosening or displacement often occurs after PVP. We had been using percutaneous pediculoplasty (PPP) or a self-developed bone cement bridging screw system to avoid this severe complication. This study intends to compare these novel surgical procedures through a 2-year follow-up evaluation. Methods: From May 2017 to May 2021, 77 patients with single-level unstable KD were included in the PPP group, and 42 patients received the PVP-bone cement bridging screw system were included in the screw group. The changes in the vertebral body index (VBI), bisegmental Cobb angle, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the cement loosening rate and displacement rate at different follow-up time points were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results: There was no significant difference in VBI or bisegmental Cobb angle between the 2 groups (p > 0.05) before operation, immediately after operation and at 6-month followup, while at 1-year and 2-year postoperative evaluations, the screw group had higher VBI and bisegmental Cobb angle than the PPP group (p < 0.05). Before operation, immediately after operation, at 6-month and 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in VAS or ODI score between the 2 groups (p > 0.05), while at 2-year follow-up, the screw group still had higher VAS and ODI scores than the PPP group (p < 0.05). No bone cement displacement occurred in both groups, but the rate of bone cement loosening was 14.29% in group PPP, and 0 in screw group (p < 0.05). Conclusion This 2-year follow-up study shows that the PVP-bone cement bridging screw system combined therapy had better midterm treatment efficacy than the PVP-PPP combined therapy in patients with unstable KD, and the bone cement bridging screw system is a preferred therapy with better anti cement loosening ability.

Objective: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is currently the most common surgical procedure for unstable Kummell disease (KD), but cement loosening or displacement often occurs after PVP. We had been using percutaneous pediculoplasty (PPP) or a self-developed bone cement bridging screw system to avoid this severe complication. This study intends to compare these novel surgical procedures through a 2-year follow-up evaluation. Methods: From May 2017 to May 2021, 77 patients with single-level unstable KD were included in the PPP group, and 42 patients received the PVP-bone cement bridging screw system were included in the screw group. The changes in the vertebral body index (VBI), bisegmental Cobb angle, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the cement loosening rate and displacement rate at different follow-up time points were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results: There was no significant difference in VBI or bisegmental Cobb angle between the 2 groups (p > 0.05) before operation, immediately after operation and at 6-month followup, while at 1-year and 2-year postoperative evaluations, the screw group had higher VBI and bisegmental Cobb angle than the PPP group (p < 0.05). Before operation, immediately after operation, at 6-month and 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in VAS or ODI score between the 2 groups (p > 0.05), while at 2-year follow-up, the screw group still had higher VAS and ODI scores than the PPP group (p < 0.05). No bone cement displacement occurred in both groups, but the rate of bone cement loosening was 14.29% in group PPP, and 0 in screw group (p < 0.05). Conclusion This 2-year follow-up study shows that the PVP-bone cement bridging screw system combined therapy had better midterm treatment efficacy than the PVP-PPP combined therapy in patients with unstable KD, and the bone cement bridging screw system is a preferred therapy with better anti cement loosening ability.

Objective:To discuss the relationship between 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters and clinical pathological indicators and prognosis in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Methods:A total of 100 CMM patients (62 males, 38 females, age (56.5±2.5) years) who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scans at the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from August 2013 to November 2022 were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical pathological indicators (such as primary site, TNM staging, sentinel lymph node (SLN) status) and metabolic parameters (SUV max, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), whole-body MTV (wb-MTV), and whole-body TLG (wb-TLG)) were collected. ROC curve analyses were used to determine the PET parameters thresholds for progression-free survival (PFS) and melanoma-specific survival (MSS). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the prognosis of patients′ PFS and MSS, and a nomogram survival prediction model was constructed. Results:Results of ROC curve analyses showed that the thresholds of SUV max of primary tumor (p-SUV max), MTV of primary tumor (p-MTV), TLG of primary tumor (p-TLG), wb-MTV and wb-TLG for predicting PFS and MSS were 7.13, 2.24 cm 3, 6.98 g, 2.57 cm 3, 8.04 g and 9.09, 2.34 cm 3, 7.44 g, 2.24 cm 3, 9.17 g, respectively. Results of univariate analysis indicated that several clinical pathological indicators and metabolic parameters were prognostic risk factors for PFS and MSS. Results of multivariate analysis indicated that metastases of SLN (hazard ratio( HR)=2.54, 95% CI: 1.09-5.90; P=0.030) and wb-TLG>8.04 g( HR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.17-5.72; P=0.019) were independent prognostic risk factors for PFS, while metastases of SLN ( HR=4.53, 95% CI: 1.54-13.35; P=0.006) and wb-TLG>9.17 g ( HR=2.48, 95% CI: 1.26-4.89; P=0.009) were independent risk prognostic factors for MSS. A nomogram survival prediction model based on PET metabolic parameter (wb-TLG) and clinical pathological indicator (SLN status) can effectively predict the prognosis of CMM patients. Conclusions:Clinical pathological parameters and PET parameters are associated with the prognosis of CMM patients. SLN status is critical for prognosis.

Objective To observe the effect of Zhongtong'an Capsules combined with rivaroxaban tablets on deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremities after total knee arthroplasty. Methods A total of 82 patients were randomly divided into control group and experimental group, with 41 cases in each group. The control group was treated with rivaroxaban tablets after surgery, while the experimental group was treated with oral administration of Zhongtong'an Capsules on the basis of the control group. The main outcome indicators (occurrence of DVT of lower extremities), secondary outcome indicators[circumference of lower extremities, blood flow velocity of femoral deep vein, whole blood high shear viscosity, whole blood low shear viscosity, hematocrit, plasma viscosity index, serum prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), and plasma D-dimer (D-D)], and therapeutic effects[the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for pain, score of American Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) forknee function]were compared between the two groups. Results After 14 days of treatment, the incidence of DVT of lower extremities in the experimental group was 9.76% (4/41), which was significantly lower than 31.71%(13/41) in the control group (χ²=6.011, P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had faster venous blood flow velocity and reduced circumference of lower extremities after 7 and 14 days of treatment (P < 0.05). After 7 and 14 days of treatment, all the hemorheological-related indicators in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After 7 and 14 days of treatment, the PT and APTT in the experimental group were significantly longer than those in the control group, while the FIB and D-D levels were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After 7 and 14 days of treatment, the VAS scores decreased and the HSS scores increased significantly in both groups, and the VAS scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while the HSS scores were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Zhongtong'an Capsules combined with rivaroxaban tablets can effectively improve the hypercoagulable state of patients after knee arthroplasty and reduce the formation of postoperative DVT.

Objective To investigate the effect of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) on the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ). Methods A total of 98 patients with NSCLC who underwent radical surgery in Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University from March 2018 to March 2019 were selected, and were divided into the IPF group and the non-IPF group. The clinicpathological and surgical data were compared between the two groups. The follow-up time was up to March 31, 2024. The endpoint event was NSCLC-related death or NSCLC recurrence, and the death and recurrence during the follow-up period were recorded. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were used to compare survival rate between the two groups. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors affecting postoperative death and NSCLC recurrence. Results Of the 98 patients included, 45 (45.92%) had IPF. Compared with the non-IPF group, the patients were older, proportion of female patients and preoperative serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level were higher, and the preoperative serum albumin level was lower in the IPF group (P＜0.05). The median follow-up time was 3.7（0.7, 5.6）years. The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates and recurrence-free survival rates of patients in the IPF group were shorter than those in the non-IPF group (P＜0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that high-degree differentiation and IPF were risk factors for survival of NSCLC patients (P＜0.05), and vascular infiltration, bigger tumor and IPF were risk factors resulting in NSCLC recurrence (P＜0.05). Conclusions For NSCLC patients, IPF can significantly shorten the overall survival and recurrence-free survival, and is a common risk factor resulting in postoperative death and recurrence.