Objective To investigate the genetic characteristics and recombination of human-infected sapoviruses(SaVs)worldwide using bioinformatics.Methods The complete genome sequences of SaVs were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)while high-quality complete genomes were retained for analysis.Molecular phylogenetic trees of SaVs were constructed to analyze their genetic characteristics,followed by recombination analysis of human-infected SaV strains genetype Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅳ,and V(G Ⅰ,G Ⅱ,GⅣ,and GⅤ)with recombination analysis software.Results SaVs exhibited substantial genetic diversity worldwide and infected a wide range of hosts.Human-associated SaVs included G Ⅰ,G Ⅱ,GⅣ,and GⅤ,with GⅤ shared between human and swine hosts.Genetype recombination analysis of SaVs revealed a high frequency of recombination in SaV G Ⅱ strains that involved diverse hosts in the field of SaV G V strains.Recombination breakpoints of the virus were concentrated in the major viral proteins 1(VP1)and minor viral proteins 2(VP2).Conclusion Based on systematic analysis of the genetic characteristics of human-infected SaVs,the genotype distribution and prevalence of SaVs are investigated,the recombination patterns of SaV revealed,and its genetic dynamics highlighted.These findings can offer insights into epidemiological trends of viruses and help devise effective prevention and control strategies.

Hemophilic arthritis(HA),caused by recurrent bleeding,can seriously affect patient quality of life and consumes extensive social and medical resources.There is thus a need to establish an animal model of HA for research;however,this is limited by ethical requirements.Here we review the recent literature and summarize research progress into animal models of HA at home and abroad,from the aspects of species selection,modeling method,histopathology,and imaging evaluation method.Species selection includes rodents such as mice,New Zealand rabbits,beagles,miniature pigs,and crab-eating macaques.Modeling method comprise gene knockout trauma models,gene knockout spontaneous models,and injection models.Among these,the gene knockout spontaneous model closely mimics the pathological process of spontaneous bleeding and concurrent arthritis in human HA,making it more relevant to human HA.However,due to high modeling costs,phenotypic instability,and low survival rates,this model is not the preferred choice for animal experimental studies.In contrast,gene knockout trauma models exhibit characteristics such as short modeling time,strong stability,and high success rates,thus being widely utilized in animal experimental research.Evaluation of HA models involves various imaging method including MRI,micro-CT,MSKUS/PD,in addition to various gross scoring method.By reviewing the progress of HA model research,more experimental evidence is provided for investigating the pathogenesis and validating the efficacy of HA treatments,thereby compensating for the lack of clinical data,particularly in the field of traditional Chinese medicine therapy.

Objective To explore the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms at the rs2231142(G/T)locus of the ABCG2 gene and susceptibility to hyperuricemia.Methods A total of 865 male study subjects were collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University,the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and other hospitals from 2018 to 2020,their blood samples were collected,and they were divided into hyperuricemia group(n=367)and healthy control group(n=498)according to blood uric acid levels.Multiplex fluorescent polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to detect the genotype of the rs2231142(G/T)locus of the ABCG2gene and to ob-serve the gene polymorphism in the two groups.The effect of this sequence on luciferase expression activity was confirmed by dual lucifer-ase reporter gene experiment.Results The values of uric acid,body mass index,glucose,creatinine,triglycerides,diastolic blood pres-sure,high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein in the hyperuricemia group were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The gene rs2231142(G/T)loci met the HWE equilibrium test of the two groups(P＞0.05),indicating that the locus is representative of the population.There were statistically significant differences in the distribution frequencies of GG,GT,and TT genotypes in the hyperuricemia group and healthy control group(x2=17.146,P＜0.001),and there were also statistically significant differences in the distribution frequencies of alleles G and T between the two groups(x2=19.115,P＜0.001).TT genotypes were expressed as risk factors for hyperuricemia in different genetic models(additive model OR=2.302,95％CI:1.472-3.603;explicit model OR=1.689,95％Cl:1.283-2.210;recessive model OR=1.867,95％CI:1.221-2.874).The differences in uric acid,glucose and triglycerides among the different genotype subgroups were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The results of the pair comparison showed that there were significant differences in uric acid,glucose and triglyceride levels between the G/T group and G/G group,T/T group and G/G group(P＜0.05).The level of uric acid in T/T group was the highest,the level of glucose and triglyceride in G/G group was the highest.The results of double luciferase activity assay showed that rs2231142(G/T)had promoter function;and the expression level of the recombinant plasmid luciferase reporter gene containing the G allele was higher than that of the re-combinant plasmid containing the T allele by 1.120 fold(P=0.012).Conclusion There is an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms at the rs2231142(G/T)locus of the ABCG2gene and susceptibility to hyperuricemia,and the T allele may be a risk factor for hyperuricemia.

Epigenomic imbalance drives abnormal transcriptional processes,promoting the onset and progression of cancer.Although defective gene regulation generally affects carcinogenesis and tumor suppression networks,tumor immunogenicity and immune cells involved in antitumor responses may also be affected by epigenomic changes,which may have significant implications for the development and application of epigenetic therapy,cancer immunotherapy,and their combinations.Herein,we focus on the impact of epigenetic regulation on tumor immune cell function and the role of key abnormal epigenetic processes,DNA methylation,histone post-translational modification,and chromatin structure in tumor immunogenicity,and introduce these epigenetic research methods.We emphasize the value of small-molecule inhibitors of epigenetic modulators in enhancing antitumor immune responses and discuss the challenges of developing treatment plans that combine epigenetic therapy and immuno-therapy through the complex interaction between cancer epigenetics and cancer immunology.

Background::Psychological stress has been reported to be a potential risk factor for hypertension among females, but it remains unclear whether spousal chronic stress levels alter the risk of hypertension among women. We examined the associations between stress within the family and hypertension among married women.Methods::Reproductive-aged women who were planning for pregnancy and their husbands were recruited from the National Free Pre-pregnancy Checkup Projects (NFPCP) across 31 provinces in China in 2016 and 2017. Perceived stress of wives or husbands was measured with a 5-point Likert-type scale, and assessed from three domains: work/life-related stress, economic stress, and overall stress. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between stress status and the prevalence of hypertension.Results::Of 10,027,644 couples, 261,098 (2.60%) women had hypertension. The results showed that higher stress levels among themselves or their husbands were associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension in women ( Pfor trend <0.001). Compared with non-stressed participants, female participants with the highest stress themselves were at a greater risk of hypertension, with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-1.37); and compared with participants whose husbands had no stress, those whose husbands had the highest stress level were at a higher risk of hypertension with adjusted OR of 1.24 (95% CI: 1.20-1.29). Moreover, compared with non-stressed status for both couples, only-wife-stressed, only-husband-stressed, and both-stressed couples were found to be significantly associated with increased risks of wives’ hypertension, with adjusted ORs of 1.28 (95% CI: 1.25-1.31), 1.19 (95% CI: 1.17-1.21), and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.26-1.31), respectively. Conclusion::Moderate to severe stress in both spouses might be associated with female hypertension prevalence, which highlights the importance of paying attention to the psychological stresses of couples within the family.

Objective:To explore the effect of triglyceride glucose(TyG) index, single nucleotide polymorphism of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) and NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3) genes, and its interaction on the risk of gout.Methods:A total of 315 male patients with gout and 499 men for health checkup at the same period were selected. General data were collected through questionnaires, and peripheral venous blood was collected for biochemical test. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of NLRP3 and TLR4 were detected with multiplex ligase assay reaction, and logistic regression analysis was applied to compare the correlation between NLRP3 and TLR4 alleles and gout risk. The interaction of SNP and TyG index with gout was analyzed by generalized multi-factor dimensionality reduction(GMDR) model and logistic regression.Results:After adjusting for smoking, drinking, and other factors, the risk of gout increased by 61.1% for each standard deviation increase in TyG index. CC genotypes of rs10754558, rs10759932, and rs7525979 were high risk genotypes of gout in Han ethnicity. GMDR results showed significant differences in the interaction models of rs10754558-TyG index, rs7525979-TyG index, and rs10759932-TyG index between control group and gout group( P<0.05), suggesting an interaction between the three genotypes of SNPs selected and TyG index. Stratified analysis of the three selected SNPs and TyG index showed that after adjusting for age, smoking, and other factors, the high TyG index patients carrying C/C or C/G genotype at rs10754558 displayed an increased risk of gout compared with those carrying GG genotype and low TyG index( OR=2.127, P<0.05). Conclusion:The CC genotypes of rs10754558, rs10759932, and rs7525979 are high risk genotypes for gout in Han ethnicity. The interaction between rs10754558 and TyG index may increase the risk of gout development.

Objective To investigate the surgical outcomes and strategies selection of endoscopic endonasal approach and craniotomy in the treatment of cranial base chordomas.Methods Thirty-one patients diagnosed pathologically with cranial base chordoma in Tianjin huanhu hospital from Jan.2010 to Sep.2020 were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were divided into the endoscopic endonasal group and the craniotomy microscope group according to the different surgical approaches.The surgical results and follow-up between the two groups were compared.Results In the endoscopic endonasal group,there were 7 cases of gross total resection,9 cases of subtotal resection and 2 cases of partial resection.The main complications included death in 2 cases,cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 8 cases,cranial nerve injury in 2 cases and hypopituitarism in 1 case.In the craniotomy microscope group,there were 2 cases of gross total resection,10 cases of subtotal resection,and 1 case of partial resection.The main complications included cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 1 case,cranial nerve injury in 3 cases,epilepsy in 1 case and epidural hematoma in 1 case.There was no statistical significance in the resection rate between the two groups(P＞0.05).The rate of cerebrospinal fluid leakage in the endoscopic group was significantly higher than that in the craniotomy microscope group,and the comparison was statistically significant(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant between the two groups for tumor recurrence or progression.Conclusions The endoscopic endonasal approaches for resection of cranial base chordomas have improved the gross total resection rate,but craniotomy is still an important surgical method for tumor resection.It is necessary to select an appropriate surgical approach according to the lesion location and pattern of tumor growth.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia and a preliminary study to explore the relationship between different clinical classification and liver damage. Methods: Consecutively confirmed novel coronavirus infection cases admitted to seven designated hospitals during January 23, 2020 to February 8, 2020 were included. Clinical classification (mild, moderate, severe, and critical) was carried out according to the diagnosis and treatment program of novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Fifth Edition) issued by the National Health Commission. The research data were analyzed using SPSS19.0 statistical software. Quantitative data were expressed as median (interquartile range), and qualitative data were expressed as frequency and rate. Results: 32 confirmed cases that met the inclusion criteria were included. 28 cases were of mild or moderate type (87.50%), and four cases (12.50%) of severe or critical type. Four cases (12.5%) were combined with one underlying disease (bronchial asthma, coronary heart disease, malignant tumor, chronic kidney disease), and one case (3.13%) was simultaneously combined with high blood pressure and malignant tumor. The results of laboratory examination showed that the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin (TBil) for entire cohort were 26.98 (16.88 ~ 46.09) U/L and 24.75 (18.71 ~ 31.79) U/L, 39.00 (36.20 ~ 44.20) g/L and 16.40 (11.34- ~ 21.15) mmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the mild or moderate subgroups were 22.75 (16.31- ~ 37.25) U/L, 23.63 (18.71 ~ 26.50) U/L, 39.70 (36.50 ~ 46.10) g/L, and 15.95 (11.34 ~ 20.83) mmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the severe or critical subgroups were 60.25 (40.88 ~ 68.90) U/L, 37.00 (20.88 ~ 64.45) U/L, 35.75 (28.68 ~ 42.00) g/L, and 20.50 (11.28 ~ 25.00) mmol/L, respectively. Conclusion The results of this multicenter retrospective study suggests that novel coronavirus pneumonia combined with liver damage is more likely to be caused by adverse drug reactions and systemic inflammation in severe patients receiving medical treatment. Therefore, liver function monitoring and evaluation should be strengthened during the treatment of such patients.

Objective To investigate the predictive factors affecting the efficacy of cyclophosphamide (CTX) combined with glucocorticoids in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN),and to evaluate the efficacy of calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) adjustment due to poor treatment.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted.Two hundreds and twenty-eight patients with IMN diagnosed by renal biopsy in the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 1,2007 to December 1,2016 were enrolled.All subjects were treated with CTX in combination with glucocorticoids.The patients were divided into two groups:remission group and no remission group.Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the baseline clinical-pathological influencing factors for the remission of IMN in the enrolled patients.Results The number of total remission (including complete and partial remission) of the first CTX combined with glucocorticoid treatment in 228 patients with IMN was 188(82.5％).Among them,141 patients (61.8％) had complete remission (CR),the median time for CR was 8(6,12) months,and the median time for partial remission (PR) was 3(1,4) months.The median follow-up time for this study was 25(13,43) months.Compared with the remission group,the serum albumin level was lower in the non-remission group,the 24-hour urine protein content,the blood complement C3 and C4 levels were higher,and the pathological stage was milder (all P ＜ 0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that the levels of baseline serum albumin,complement C4,and pathological stage were independent predictors of clinical remission in IMN patients.Twenty-four non-remission patients were treated with CNI.The overall response rate was 66.7％(16/24) at 6 months and 77.3％(17/22) at 12 months.Conclusions The levels of baseline albumin,blood complement C4,and pathological stage were independent predictors of clinical remission in IMN patients treated with CTX plus glucocorticoids.The non-remission patients with CTX combined with glucocorticoid therapy can still achieve a higher response rate after adjusting for CNI.

Objective To evaluate the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on autophagy in the spinal neurons of rats with neuropathic pain.Methods Sixty pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 8-l0 weeks,weighing 220-250 g,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n=20 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),neuropathic pain group (NP group),and hydrogen-rich saiine group (H group).Neuropathic pain was produced by chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in the rats anesthetized with chloral hydrate.Hydrogen-rich saline 5 ml/kg was injected intraperitoneally once a day for 7 consecutive days in group H,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in S and NP groups.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL)were measured at 1 day before operation (T0) and 1,3,5 and 7 days after operation (T1-4).The animals were sacrificed after measurement of pain threshold at day 7 after operation.L4-6 segments of the spinal cord were harvested to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 Ⅱ),Beclin-1 and p62 by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the MWT was significantly decreased,and the TWL was significantly shortened at T2-4,and the expression of LC3 Ⅱ,Beclin-1 and p62 was significantly up-regulated at T4 in NP and H groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group NP,the MWT was significantly increased,and the TWL was significantly prolonged at T2-4,and the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin-1 was significantly up-regulated,and the expression of p62 was significantly down-regulated at T4 in group H (P ＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which hydrogen-rich saline reduces neuropathic pain is related to induction of autophagy in the spinal neurons of rats.