Immunotherapy drugs are a class of medications that treat diseases by modulating the function of immune system.As frontline therapies in clinical practice,they play a particularly crucial role in alleviating disease symptoms and improving adverse prognoses caused by severe inflammation.In recent years,with the rapid development of internet technology and the continuous innova-tion in the technology industry,various national directives have been issued,urging schools to strengthen online teaching and promote the development of"Internet+education".Online teaching,unaffected by time or geographical constraints,has facilitated resource sharing and stimulated student interest.However,in practice,both singular online or offline teaching models have their drawbacks.This article takes the severe inflammation immunotherapy drugs as an example,integrating the concept of intersubjectivity in teaching to explore a"two-line"teaching mode in immunotherapy drugs.This study views students as the main body of learning,emphasizes the importance of individual learning,and solves the drawbacks of"one-line"teaching mode.Exploration and application of intersubjective"two-line"teaching mode has guiding significance for educational reform in the internet era.

Objective To study the medication law of postoperative treatment of colorectal cancer by national TCM doctor Professor Piao Bingkui.Methods Professor Piao Bingkui's electronic medical records and paper medical records of colorectal cancer postoperative patients at Guang'anmen Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Beijing Yiqingtang Chinese Medicine Clinic were collected and organized from their outpatients from January 1st,2002 to February 28th,2022.R4.2.1 was used to study the prescriptions,including high-frequency drugs,drug types,properties of Chinese materia medica,yin yang and five elements and dosage of drugs,as well as the law of multi-drug association in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer.Results Totally 642 colorectal postoperative cancer patients were included,involving 2 226 prescriptions,180 kinds of Chinese materia medica,and a total frequency of 39 988 times.The high-frequency drugs were Astragali Radix,fried Aurantii Fructus with wheat bran,Dioscoreae Rhizoma,etc.The main drugs in terms of efficacy were tonics for tonifying deficiency,disinfectants,etc.;the main properties were warm and neutral,the main tastes were sweet,pungent and bitter,and the main meridians were spleen meridians and stomach meridians.Ascending medicines were often used,and the drug were basically non-toxic.The frequency of using yang tonifying medicine was high,and the five elements were commonly used as local medicines;the dosage was mostly 10,15 and 20 g.The complex network analysis and clustering analysis of the association between multiple drugs found that Professor Piao Bingkui's basic prescription for treating colorectal cancer included Astragali Radix,fried Aurantii Fructus with wheat bran,Dioscoreae Rhizoma,salt Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma,Pseudostellariae Radix,and fried Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma with wheat bran.Conclusion In the treatment of colorectal cancer,Professor Piao Bingkui focuses on reinforcing the healthy qi,nourishing spleen and stomach function,combined with detoxication method and clearing heat,expelling phlegm and dampness,guiding stagnation and dispelling stasis methods,making syndrome differentiation as well as tonifying and benefiting qi,regulating qi movement,so as to realize the"treating middle-energizer as balance"and achieve mild level when treating colorectal cancer.

Objective: To investigate whether the artermisinin has beneficial efficacy to improve the learning and memory in aged mice, as well as the possible mechanisms regarding the inflammatory cytokines and monoamlne neurotransmitters. Methods: 30 aged mice(22 month old) were randomly divided into the aged mouse model control group(n=10), the artemisinin low dose group(artemisinin 0.1% in feed, n=10)and the artemisinin high dose group(artemisinin 0.3% in feed, n=10). Another 10 mice(2 month old) served as young mouse model control group. The artemisinin low dose group and the artemisinin high dose group fed artemisinin feed for 10 weeks. The aged mouse model control group and the young mouse model control group were fed standard feed.Morris water maze test was performed to assess learning and memory capacities for evaluation of the cognitive degree. Serum TNF-α and IL-6 were also detected by ELISA and dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin in the brain were analyzed by HPLC. Results: (1) Morris water maze test showed, the retention time of the aged mouse model control group was significantly longer than that of the young mouse model control group (P<0.05). The retention time of the artemisinin low dose group and the artemisinin high dose group was significantly shorter than that of the aged mouse model control group (P<0.05). In the ninth days of the reverse recessive platform experiment, the retention time of the artemisinin low dose group ((50.1±19.9) s) and the artemisinin high dose group ((43.2±17.6) s) was significantly shorter than that of the aged mouse model control group ((66.1±29.1)s, P<0.05). (2) Serum inflammatory factors test showed, the level of IL-6 and TNF-αin the artemisinin low dose group (IL-6 : (28.4±4.3) pg/ml, TNF-α: (51.8±8.2) pg/ml) and the artemisinin high dose group(IL-6 : (17.6±2.3) pg/ml, TNF-α: (38.6±12.5) pg/ml) were significantly lower than those in aged mouse model control group(IL-6 : (36.12±7.98)pg/ml), TNF-α : (67.32±10.27) pg/ml, P<0.05). (3) Neurotransmitter content test in the brain showed, the content of DA((19.96±3.89) mmol/ml) and 5-HT((5.73±0.93)mmol/ml) in low dose artemisinin group was higher than that in aged mouth model control group. The content of DA((26.13±5.66) mmol/ml), NE((16.31±2.69) mmol/ml) and 5-HT((8.03±1.93) mmol/ml) in high dose artemisinin group was higher than that in aged mouth model group(DA(13.96±3.89) mmol/ml, NE(8.73±2.16) mmol/ml, 5-HT (3.82±1.09)mmol/ml, all P<0.05). Conclusion Artemisinin can improve the ability of learning and memory in aged mice. The mechanism may be related to inhibiting the inflammation and promoting the level of neurotransmitters in the brain of aged mice.

Objective: To study the significance of HPV and cell cycle related proteins in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the larynx. Methods: Twenty-nine cases of laryngeal BSCC from Beijing Tongren Hospital from January 2005 to December 2011 were reviewed. HPV typing by polymerase chain reaction-reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB) and p53, Ki-67, p16, p21 and cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry were performed. The relationship between these indicators, various pathologic parameters (TNM, tumor size, tumor site and lymph node metastasis) and HPV status was analyzed. Results: There were 27 male and 2 female patients. The median age was 62 years. Lymph node metastasis and supraglottic tumor location were slightly higher than that of "usual" SCC, but not statistically significant (P>0.05). HPV DNA was detected in 27.6% (8/29) of the laryngeal BSCC, and all were HPV16. The expression of HPV was not related to age, alcohol consumption, tumor stage and tumor size. p53 was expressed in 31.0%(9/29) of laryngeal BSCC, and these cases were more likely supraglottic and had lymph node metastases (P<0.05). p16 staining was seen in 24.1% (7/29) of laryngeal BSCC, and these cases showed slightly higher rate of lymph node metastasis compared to p16 negative cases. The expression rates of p21 and cyclinD1 were 27.6% (8/29) and 69.0%(20/29), respectively, which were not related to age, tumor size, stage, lymph node metastasis, smoking and drinking. There were only 3 p16+ /HPV+ cases, which showed higher p21 and Ki-67 index compared to the HPV negative group (P<0.05). Conclusion Some laryngeal BSCC expresses HPV DNA, possibly indicating an association with HPV; but p16 expression is not a reliable indicator for HPV infection.

Objective To explore the CT and MRI imaging and clinicopathological features of extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma (NK/TCL). Methods Sixty-six patients with NK/TCL diagnosed from 2002 June to 2016 April in Beijing Tongren Hospital with intact CT and/or MRI imaging results were enrolled in this study. All the patients had tailed clinical information and follow-up. The imaging and clinicopathological features were analyzed retrospectively and their prognostic value on overall survival was analyzed. Results There were 49 males and 17 females with median age of 42 years. The median follow-up time was 18 months. The cases showed surrounding invasions including 10 cases (15.2 %) in soft palate, 5 cases (7.6 %) in hard palate, 2 cases(3.0 %) in tonsil, 8 cases(12.1 %) in upper lip, 13 cases(19.7 %) in maxillofacial soft tissue, 9 cases (13.6 %) in eyelid, 10 cases (15.2 %) in orbital, 3 cases (4.5 %) in maxilla, 6 cases (9.1 %) in pterygopalatine fossa,6 cases(9.1 %)in infratemporal fossa,3 cases(4.5 %)in skull base, 3 cases(4.5 %) in eyeball and 2 cases (3.0 %) in brain tissue. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found that the 2-year overall survival rates of the patients with the involvement of hard palate, upper lip, maxillofacial soft tissue, eyelid, orbital, maxillary, eyeball and brain organizer were lower than those of the patients without the involvement of these sites(χ2values were 4.470,4.041,4.456,13.933,8.986,4.000,44.121,6.527,16.822,respectively, all P< 0.05). Further multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that maxilla and brain involvement were independent adverse factors (RR=34.717, 95 % CI 3.404-354.035, P=0.003; RR=37.545, 95 % CI 3.188-442.187, P= 0.004). Conclusions MRI and CT examinations are of great value in diagnosis and prognostic assessment of NK/TCL. Clinicians can make correct and timely diagnosis by comprehensive clinical, radiological and pathological features and can make a detailed clinical assessment to give patients appropriate treatment,thus improving the outcome of the NK/TCL patients.

Objective To ummarized the clinical characteristics of lactic acidosis combined with hypoglycemic coma,diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperkalemia,so to improve the physician's treatment ability by summary the clinical feature of lactic acidosis combined with hypoglycemic coma,diabetic ketosis and hyperkalemia.Methods Analyzed the clinical characteristics and disease development of one case with lactic acidosis combined with hypoglycemic coma,diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperkalemia,and reviewed literature.Results The patient had hypoglycemia and acidosis at the same time due to taking phenformin and glibenclamide.After 2 days,the patient was better through correcting acidosis,intravenous fluid therapy,lowering blood potassium and controlling blood glucose.Conclusion Because acidosis caused the potassium transfer from intracellular to extracellular,the latter leads to hyperpotassemia,lactic acidosis caused by phenformin should be treated with intravenous fluid therapy,correcting acidosis.

OBJECTIVE:To study the inhibitory effects of sinomenine(SIN)-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid-D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate(PLGA-TPGS)nanoparticles(SPTN)on the proliferation of HCa-F cells in lymph tubes and ec-topic transplantation tumors in mice. METHODS:HCa-F cell suspension were incubated with normal saline,5-fluorouracil(FS), sinomenine solutions (SS),sinomenine PLGA nanoparticles (SPN) and SPTN,with concentration of 80 μg/ml. The cells were marked with CFSE,and then were injected with suspension 50 μl via one footpad of mice. Inhibitory effect of above suspensions on the proliferation of HCa-F in lymph tubes of mice was observed by fluorescence inverted microscope at 3,6,9,12,24 h(n=15). Mice were divided into normal control group,blank PLGA-TPGS nanoparticles (EPTN) group,normal saline group,SPTN group,SPN group,SS group and FS group with 10 mice in each group. The latter 5 groups were injected with relevant medicine 15 mg/kg,once a day,via tail vein for consecutive 10 days after the model of HCa-F cells-bearing ectopic transplantation tumor mice was established. The serum content of ALT,AST,γ-glutamyltransferase(γ-GT),ALB and T-BIL were determined;solid tu-mors were taken,measured and weighed,and the inhibitory rate of tumor was also calculated. RESULTS:The inhibitory effect of above solution on the proliferation of HCa-F cells in descending order was as follows:SPTN>SPN>FS>SS>normal saline. Com-pared with normal saline group,the serum levels of ALT,AST,γ-GT and TBIL of SPTN group,SPN group,SS group and FS group decreased,while ALB level increased(P<0.05);the amount of tumor volume increase and tumor weight in SPTN group, SPN group and FS group decreased significantly (P<0.05). The inhibitory rate of tumor in 3 groups were 49.62%,40.53% and 33.90%. CONCLUSIONS:SPTN can inhibit the proliferation of HCa-F cells in lymph tubes of mice,and can improve HCa-F cells-bearing ectopic transplantation tumor in mice. It is better than SPN and FS.

Objective To explore the changes of hemodynamic after carotid angioplasty and stenting ( CAS) in patients with carotid artery stenosis .Methods Thirty-one carotid artery stenosis patients were treated with CAS , and were examined by color Doppler flow imaging ( CDFI) before operation and 1 d,3 months,one year after operation . Compared the carotid artery diameter , peak flow velocity (PSV) and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) before and after the operation.Results Compared with before operation , carotid artery diameter were significantly increased ,PSV, EDV were significantly decreased at each time point after operation ( all P<0.01 ) .Compared with 1 d after operation, there was no statistical difference on the CDFI results of carotid artery in 3 months after operation;compared with 1 d after operation the carotid artery diameter was significanty decreased in one year after operation ( P<0.05 ) , there was no statistical difference in PSV and EDV .Conclusions CAS can alleviate the carotid stenosis and improve the indicator of hemodynamics significantly .Vascular restenosis is found in some patients one year after operation , but there was no statistical difference in the indicator of hemodynamic .

OBJECTIVE:To enrich the identification diversity of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),and provide theoretical guidance for the quality evaluation of TCM. METHODS:According to literature references and traditional identification experienc-es,characteristics including medicinal shape,size,color and lustre,surface,texture,section,odor and other aspects were identi-fied by sense organs such as eyes,hands,nose and mouth. The vivid traditional identification term were obtained through systemat-ic summarization in order to explore the internal relationship with pharmaceutical botany. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:As the sim-plest identification method,traditional identification method can rapidly identify the species and quality of TCM,evaluate the quali-ty,and has great significance to solve the security issues of clinical medication and health care in daily life. There was a correlation between the traditional identification and botanical research,which could be able to provide theoretical guidance to characters identi-fication and quality evaluation of TCM.

This article was aimed to study the physiological mechanisms in frozen storage to reduce early bolting of Angelica sinensis. By analyzing the root soluble sugar, soluble protein, MDA content changes before and after -10oC processing of the Angelica sinensis seedlings of different size from different sources , the physiological mechanisms in frozen storage reducing early bolting of A . sinensis had been studied. The results indicated that the greater seedlings , the higher content of soluble sugar , lower protein content and higher MDA . There were no obvious differences on the soluble sugar , soluble protein and MDA content of the same size seedlings from different sources . After -10oC freezing , the content of soluble sugar and protein in the seedlings with the same size were decreased. Meanwhile, the content of MDA was increased. It was concluded that the content of soluble sugar, soluble protein and MDA were obviously related to the size of Angelica sinensis seedlings from the same source before and after low temperature process .