BACKGROUND:The increase in multi-drug resistant bacterial infections has become a major problem in modern healthcare due to the development of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the development of new antibacterial alternative drug materials is of great importance. OBJECTIVE:To synthesize and perform a series of characterization of a CeO2 nanoenzyme to investigate its biocompatibility and antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli. METHODS:CeO2 nanoenzymes were synthesized using a hydrothermal method.The morphology,product composition,and chemical composition were analyzed using characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Fourier infrared analysis,Raman spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.The peroxide-mimetic enzyme activity of CeO2 nanoenzymes was characterized using TMB color development assay.The toxic effect of CeO2 nanoenzymes at different concentrations(10,25,and 50 μg/mL)on mouse fibroblast L929 cells was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay.The antibacterial properties of CeO2 nanoenzymes against Escherichia coli under different conditions were evaluated using the plate coating method.Changes in intra-bacterial reactive oxygen species after treatment with different conditions were detected using a reactive oxygen species detection kit. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The morphology of the synthesized CeO2 nanoparticles was rod-shaped,with Ce3+ accounting for 29.87%of the total Ce3+/Ce4+ and an average grain size of 7.4 nm.In a slightly acidic environment containing TMB and pH=5.5,CeO2 nanoenzymes mixed with H2O2 showed excellent peroxidase activity,but did not show peroxidase simulated activity at pH=7.4.(2)There was no statistically significant difference in the toxic effects of CeO2 nanoparticles at various mass concentrations on mouse fibroblast L929 cells.(3)In a slightly acidic environment at pH 5.5,Escherichia coli was inhibited to a certain extent in the presence of CeO2 nanoenzyme alone at a concentration of 10 μg/mL,with a decrease in CFU results of about 0.5 log(P＜0.01);in a slightly acidic environment containing 50 μmol/L H2O2,CeO2 nanoenzyme showed excellent antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli,with a decrease in Escherichia coli CFU results of by about 1.5 log(P＜0.001).After CeO2 nanoenzymes interacted with Escherichia coli,the level of reactive oxygen species in Escherichia coli increased(P＜0.05);after CeO2 nanoenzymes interacted with Escherichia coli together with H2O2,the level of reactive oxygen species in Escherichia coli increased significantly(P＜0.001).(4)The results show that the CeO2 nanoenzymes have good biocompatibility,are inherently antibacterial,and can exhibit peroxidase activity in a slightly acidic environment containing low concentrations of H2O2,and generate reactive oxygen species to kill bacteria,thus showing excellent antibacterial effects.

OBJECTIVE To elucidate the possible mechanism, and to explore the main components, core targets, and key signaling pathways of Haimufang Decoction(HMF) in treating non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) by the network pharmacology and serum pharmacology methods. METHODS TCMSP and DisGeNET databases were used to search and summarize the components, targets and non-small cell lung cancer-related targets of HMF, respectively. The common targets were obtained by intersection of drug targets and disease targets, and uploaded to the STRING data platform to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network to screen core targets. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of core targets were performed using DAVID database. Cytoscape 3.9.1 software was used to construct the network of "HMF flavor-components-targets-pathways", predicting the possible mechanisms of action of HMF. Finally, the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction experiments of HMF-containing serum on NSCLC NCI-H1975 cells were used to verify the effect of HMF on lung cancer and its potential mechanism. RESULTS A total of 65 compounds were identified from HMF, and 47 main compounds such as 24-keto-cholesterol, quercetin and diisobutyl phthalate were screened out. PPI network analysis shown that tumor protein p53, tumor necrosis factor, cystein-asparate protease-3 and other 55 proteins might be the core target proteins of HMF in the treatment of NSCLC, involving multiple signaling pathways such as pathways in cancer. In subsequent validation experiments, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction in the pathways in cancer pathway have been shown to be involved in the inhibition of non-small cell lung cancer. CONCLUSION HMF plays a role in the treatment of NSCLC through multi-component, multi-target and multi-channel signaling pathways, which provides a theoretical basis for the mechanism and clinical application of HMF.

The correlations of global/local properties of brain networks with gambling behavioral scales in depression are explored.The task-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 24 patients with gambling behavior and depression and 24 healthy controls are analyzed,and preprocessed by SPM software.Graph theory analysis method is used to establish the functional brain networks in which local and global properties are calculated.Two sets of local attribute index including node degree and node efficiency are used to make edge analysis in different depression groups(major,moderate and mild depression groups,with 8 patients in each group)and healthy control group,and the changes in global properties are also discussed.Additionally,the correlations of scoring scale related to gambling behavior with 3 criteria on the global properties(small world attribute,global efficiency and local efficiency)are analyzed.The two-sample t-tests on depression groups and healthy control group confirm the significant connections among brain regions(P＜0.05),and reveal the significant negative correlations between the global brain network attribute indexes and different behavioral scales,which fully verifies the correlation between gambling behavior and depression,and provides the basis for further exploring correlation between the individual behavior attribute and depression,thereby assisting clinical diagnosis and treatment of depression patients.

Humans ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Multifactorial Inheritance ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Risk Factors

Autologous ozonized blood transfusion(AOBT) is a therapy of re-transfusion of 100-200 mL of autologous blood after shaking and agitation with appropriate amount of oxygen-ozone in vitro. The oxidation of blood through the strong oxidation of ozone can enhance the non-specific immune response of the body, regulate the internal environment and promote health. This therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical practice, while no unified standard for the operation process in terms of ozone concentration, treatment frequency and treatment course had been established. This operation process of AOBT is primarily explored in order to standardize the operation process and ensure its safety and efficacy.

Birth cohort study has played an important role in exploring the effect of exposures in early life on long-term health of offspring. With the rapid increase of problems of reproductive health among couples at childbearing age, the assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been widely introduced into clinical practice. However, the influences of ART on long-term outcomes of mothers and infants have not been fully studied. In 2016, the China National Birth Cohort (CNBC), a multicenter prospective cohort study recruiting families with ART-conceived pregnancies and spontaneous-conceived pregnancies simultaneously was launched officially. By June 30, 2021, a total of 72 000 families covering 39 000 ART- pregnancies and 33 000 spontaneous- pregnancies have been recruited in the study, their information and biological samples were collected at multiple time points, i.e., before assisted reproductive treatment, in embryo transfer period, in first, second and third trimesters, at delivery, and at 42 days after birth, 6 months, 1 year old and 3 years old. The main objectives of this study are to assess the development and health of offspring born after ART treatment, identify risk factors associated with adverse birth outcomes and childhood diseases and provide scientific basis for the strategies to improve the quality of new birth population. This paper will give a brief introduction to the establishment and research progress of CNBC.

Objective:To understand the willingness of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use to prevent HIV infection and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Yunnan Province.Methods:Cross-sectional study method and snowball sampling method was used to carry out the survey in 14 cities (autonomous prefectures) in Yunnan from April to June 2021. According to national sentinel surveillance program, the sample size was 400 at national sentinel sites and 100 at provincial sentinel sites. The related factors of PrEP use willingness were analyzed by multiple logistic regressions with software SPSS 22.0.Results:A total of 2 450 questionnaires were completed, the rate of having heard of PrEP was 68.5% (1 677/2 449), the willingness rate of PrEP use was 56.7% (1 343/2 368), the willing rate of PrEP use at their own expense was 30.6% (724/2 368), and the willingness rate of free PrEP use was 56.2% (1 330/2 367). The of multivariate logistic analysis results showed that related factors of low willingness to use PrEP included aged 40-49 years and 50 years or above (a OR=2.49 and a OR=4.48), Han ethnic group (a OR=1.47), residence in other provinces (a OR=1.64), education level of senior high school (a OR=1.96) and college or above (a OR=3.49), sample source of bath house (a OR=3.53), online recruiting (a OR=2.53) and voluntary counseling and testing (a OR=1.42), local living time for 3-6 months and 7-12 months (a OR=0.18 and a OR=0.25) ,class 2 and 3 of survey areas (a OR=3.63 and a OR=1.71), having no anal sex with men in the past week (a OR=2.60), having no commercial homosexual behavior in the past six months (a OR=13.32) and self-perceived higer risk for HIV infection (a OR=0.50). Conclusions:There was more than half of MSM with willingness to use PrEP. The health education to promote PrEP use should be strengthen in MSM who had low willingness to use PrEP from underdeveloped areas, in Han ethnic group, with older age, from other provinces, with shorter local living time and self-perceived low risk for HIV infection.

Objective:To establish the biology reference interval (RI) of peripheral blood procalcitonin (PCT) for children between 3 days and 6 years old in China.Methods:Totally 3 353 reference individuals with apparent health or no specific diseases were recruited in 18 hospitals throughout the country during October 2020 to May 2021. Reference individuals were divided into four groups: 3-28 days, 29 days - 1 year, 1-3 years and 4-6 years. Vein blood or capillary blood were collected by percutaneous puncture from every reference individual. The PCT level in serum and the capillary whole blood were assayed by Roche Cobas e601 and Norman NRM411-S7 immunoanalyzer. Outliers were deleted and 95th percentiles of every group were provided as RIs. Man-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test were used performed to assess the difference among different gender, age or method groups. Results:The difference of PCT distribution between male and female is not statistically significant, but the difference between serum and capillary whole blood is statistically significant. The differences between age groups are significant too. For Roche e601, serum PCT RI of 3-28 days group is <0.23 μg/L, 29 days - 6 years are <0.11 μg/L. For NRM411, Serum PCT RI of 3-28 days group is <0.21 μg/L, 29 days - 1 year: <0.09 μg/L, 1 - 6 years: <0.10 μg/L. For whole blood PCT, RI of 3-28 days group is <0.26 μg/L, 29 days - 6 years is <0.15 μg/L.Conclusions:Serum and capillary whole blood PCT have different RIs, however, capillary whole blood PCT testing is valuable in pediatric application. Children in 3-28 days show higher PCT levels than other age group. To establish the RIs and understand the differences among different groups are essential for the interpretation and clinical application of peripheral blood PCT testing results.

Objective:To explore the effect of SBAR (situation, background, assessment, recommendation) communication model combined with scenario simulation in clinical teaching of blood purification center.Methods:Sixty interns in the blood purification center from March 2019 to March 2020 were collected in the study, and randomly divided into experimental group ( n=30) and control group ( n=30). The two groups of students studied in two different treatment groups in the blood purification center. The control group used the method of traditional teaching, while the experimental group used SBAR communication combined with situational simulation for teaching on the basis of traditional teaching, with a total clinical practice time of two months. All trainees underwent theoretical examination, clinical operation examination, self-efficacy evaluation and teaching satisfaction survey after training. SPSS 22.0 was performed for t test. Results:Through SBAR communication model combined with situational simulation teaching, the scores of theoretical examination [(88.13±3.22) vs. (85.51±3.17)], clinical operation assessment [(91.31±3.48) vs. (84.17±4.94)], self-efficacy evaluation [(11.13±1.08) vs. (9.21±1.89)], teaching satisfaction [(95.71±2.87) vs. (91.18±3.08)], and communication ability [(12.27±1.13) vs. (8.63±1.45)] in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group; while there was no significant difference in the scores of theoretical assessment between the two groups ( P<0.05). Conclusion:SBAR communication model combined with situational simulation teaching can improve the learning ability, operation ability and comprehensive application ability of special training trainees, especially in communication ability, which is worthy of popularization and application in clinical teaching.

Objective:To evaluate the possible mediation effect of smoking and healthy diet score on the association between educational level and the risk of lung cancer incidence.Methods:After excluding individuals with missing educational levels and cancer information at baseline, 446?772 participants in the UK Biobank (UKB) prospective cohort study were included. Cox regression models were used to investigate the associations of educational level and smoking and healthy diet score with the incidence of lung cancer. Mediating effect analysis was conducted to analyze the mediating effect of smoking and healthy diet score on the correlation between educational level and lung cancer.Results:During a median follow-up of 7.13 years, 1?994 new- onset lung cancer cases were observed. Per 1 standard deviation (5 years) increase in educational level was associated with a 12% lower risk of lung cancer ( HR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.84-0.92). The corresponding level 1-5 in the International Standard Classification for Education (ISCED) were mapped to UKB self‐report highest qualification to estimate the educational level. A higher rank means a higher educational level. Compared with level ISCED-1, the HR(95% CI) of level ISCED-2, ISCED-3, ISCED-4 and ISCED-5 were respectively 0.83 (0.72-0.94), 0.67 (0.53-0.85), 0.76 (0.65-0.89) and 0.72 (0.64-0.80) for lung cancer. Education years were negatively correlated with smoking, with β coefficients (95% CI) being -0.079 (-0.081- -0.077), but positively correlated with healthy diet score ( β=0.042, 95% CI: 0.039-0.045). Analysis of mediating effect indicated that the association of educational level with lung cancer risk was mediated by smoking and healthy diet score, the proportions of mediating effect were 38.952% (95% CI: 31.802%-51.659%) and 1.784% (95% CI: 0.405%-3.713%), respectively. Conclusion:Smoking and healthy diet score might mediate the effect of educational level on the incidence of lung cancer, indicating that improving the level of education can reduce the risk of lung cancer by changing lifestyles such as smoking and diet.