Objective To investigate the clinical pathological characteristics,treatment methods and prognosis of the patients with uterine corpus rhabdomyosarcoma(UcRMS).Methods The data from 237 pa-tients with UcRMS during 2000-2020 were retrospectively collected from the Surveillance,Epidemiology and End Results(SEER)database.The descriptive statistical method was employed to conduct the descriptive a-nalysis on clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of UcRMS patients.The Kaplan-Meier method was adopted to conduct the survival analysis on the patients with different pathological types and treatment meth-ods,and draw the survival curve.The Log-rank test was employed to compare the survival analyses.The uni-variate and multivariate Cox regression were performed to analyze the independent factors affecting the prog-nosis of UcRMS patients.Results Among histologically confirmed cases,the most common type was embry-onic type(44 cases,18.6％)and followed by the pleomorphic type(35 cases,14.8％).In terms of treatment,21 cases(8.9％)received the surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy(surgery+chemotherapy+radiotherapy).75 cases(31.6％)received the surgery+chemotherapy,and 23 cases(9.7％)received the sur-gery+radiotherapy.The median overall survival(OS)time in the cohorts was 13 months,the median cancer-related survival(CSS)was 14 months,the 5-year OS rate and CSS rate were only 16％.The OS rate and CSS rate for embryonic type RMS were significantly better than those for the undefined and other pathological types,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.001).In terms of treatment,the OS rate and CSS rate in the surgery+chemotherapy+radiotherapy group were superior to those in the surgery+chemotherapy group and surgery+radiotherapy group,with statistically significant differences(P=0.011,P=0.012).The histological type,stage,surgery and chemotherapy were the factors affecting the OS time and CSS time of the patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.001).Conclusion The prognosis of embryonic type UcRMS is better than that of other histological types,but the overall prognosis is still poor,the 5-year survival rate is less than 20％.The histological type,stage,surgery and chemotherapy are the important influencing factors of prognosis,and the surgery+chemotherapy+radiotherapy could improve the prognosis of UcRMS patients.

Osteoclasts are the only cells responsible for bone resorption in the body, and osteoblasts are the main cells responsible for bone regeneration in the body. Under physiological conditions, these cells maintain a dynamic balance to maintain bone homeostasis. It was widely believed that the imbalance of bone metabolism is mainly affected by the expression of related inflammatory factors. However, with the gradual expansion of related studies in recent years, autophagy has been shown to be closely related to the differentiation, apoptosis and functions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important regulator of energy metabolism in vivo and is involved in the regulation of autophagy and bone homeostasis in bone metabolism-related cells. Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease, and its typical symptoms are alveolar bone resorption. At present, controlling the level of periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone resorption more effectively in clinical practice remains a challenge. The detection of AMPK and autophagy levels in bone metabolism-related cells shows certain prospects for the clinical prevention and treatment of periodontitis in the future. Therefore, this article reviews the regulation of periodontal inflammation levels and bone homeostasis through cell autophagy related to AMPK-mediated bone metabolism.

In China, the survival rate of liver cancer remains low while the mortality rate is high. Effectively reducing the burden of liver cancer is still a major challenge in the field of public health and chronic disease prevention in the Chinese population. Optimizing screening strategies for liver cancer remains a profound approach to secondary prevention worthy of continuous explora-tion. This guideline was commissioned by the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission. The National Cancer Center of China initiated the guideline develop-ment and convened a multidisciplinary expert panel and working group. Following the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development, this guideline integrated the most up-to-date evidence of liver cancer screening, China′s national conditions, and existing practical experience in liver cancer screening. Evidence-based recommendations on the target population, screening technologies, surveillance strategies, and other key points across the process of liver cancer screening and surveillance management were provided. This guideline would help to standardize the practice of liver cancer screening in China.

In China, the survival rate of liver cancer remains low while the mortality rate is high. Effectively reducing the burden of liver cancer is still a major challenge in the field of public health and chronic disease prevention in the Chinese population. Optimizing screening strategies for liver cancer remains a profound approach to secondary prevention worthy of continuous exploration. To address this pressing issue, the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission commissioned this guideline. The National Cancer Center of China initiated the guideline development and convened a multidisciplinary expert panel and working groups. Following the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development, this guideline integrated the most up-to-date evidence of liver cancer screening, China's national conditions, and existing practical experience in liver cancer screening. Evidence-based recommendations on the target population, screening technologies, surveillance strategies, and other key points across the process of liver cancer screening and surveillance management were provided. This guideline would help standardize the practice of liver cancer screening in China.

Objective:Evidence on potential cardiovascular benefits of personal-level intervention among the elderly exposed to high levels of particulate matter(PM)remains limited.We aimed to assess improvements in surrogate markers of cardiovascular injury in vulnerable populations at risks by using indoor air filtration units.Methods:We conducted a randomized crossover trial for 2 separate 2-week air filtration interventions in 20 households of patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and their partners in the winter of 2013,with concurrent measurements of indoor PM.The changes in biomarkers indicative of cardiac injury,atherosclerosis progression and systemic inflammation following intervention were evaluated using linear mixed-effect models.Results:In the analysis,average levels of indoor PM with aerodynamic diameters＜2.5 μm(PM2.5)decreased significantly by 59.2％(from 59.6 to 24.3 μg/m3,P＜0.001)during the active air filtration.The reduction was accompanied by improvements in levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I by-84.6％(95％confidence interval[CI]:-90.7 to-78.6),growth differentiation factor-15 by-48.1％(95％CI:-31.2 to-25.6),osteoprotegerin by-65.4％(95％CI:-56.5 to-18.7),interleukin-4 by-46.6％(95％CI:-62.3 to-31.0)and myeloperoxidase by-60.3％(95％CI:-83.7 to-3.0),respectively.Conclusion:Indoor air filtration intervention may provide potential cardiovascular benefits in vulnerable popu-lations at risks.

In China, the survival rate of liver cancer remains low while the mortality rate is high. Effectively reducing the burden of liver cancer is still a major challenge in the field of public health and chronic disease prevention in the Chinese population. Optimizing screening strategies for liver cancer remains a profound approach to secondary prevention worthy of continuous exploration. To address this pressing issue, the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission commissioned this guideline. The National Cancer Center of China initiated the guideline development and convened a multidisciplinary expert panel and working groups. Following the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development, this guideline integrated the most up-to-date evidence of liver cancer screening, China′s national conditions, and existing practical experience in liver cancer screening. Evidence-based recommendations on the target population, screening technologies, surveillance strategies, and other key points across the process of liver cancer screening and surveillance management were provided. This guideline would help standardize the practice of liver cancer screening in China.

In China, the survival rate of liver cancer remains low while the mortality rate is high. Effectively reducing the burden of liver cancer is still a major challenge in the field of public health and chronic disease prevention in the Chinese population. Optimizing screening strategies for liver cancer remains a profound approach to secondary prevention worthy of continuous exploration. To address this pressing issue, the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission commissioned this guideline. The National Cancer Center of China initiated the guideline development and convened a multidisciplinary expert panel and working groups. Following the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development, this guideline integrated the most up-to-date evidence of liver cancer screening, China′s national conditions, and existing practical experience in liver cancer screening. Evidence-based recommendations on the target population, screening technologies, surveillance strategies, and other key points across the process of liver cancer screening and surveillance management were provided. This guideline would help standardize the practice of liver cancer screening in China.

Objective:To explore and optimize the teaching content of clinical case discussion course based on clinical pathophysiology and therapy (CPPT), and to improve the teaching quality of this course.Methods:Self-compiled evaluation form was sent to all the students who participated in this course in 2016-2017 school year, and the teaching satisfaction and teaching characteristics were evaluated. The differences of evaluation results from students with different educational programs or teachers with different seniority were compared, and the correlation between evaluation results and teachers' seniority was analyzed.Results:The students had a high evaluation on the course, but students from different programs had significant different comments on thinking inspiring, speech encouraging, questions guiding, process holding and effective feedback, as well as the self-evaluation of mastery degree. For teachers with different seniority, there were significant differences in scores in all aspects except speech encouraging, but no differences in mastery degree. Spearman analysis showed that there was a certain correlation between scores and teachers' seniority.Conclusion:The overall situation of the CPPT case discussion course in our school is worthy of recognition, but it needs to be improved in many aspects.

In China, the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and motality is lung cancer (LC). As screening and early detection and treatment are effective in reducing LC mortality, formulating a guideline in line with China′s national conditions for the screening and early detection and treatment of LC will greatly promote the homogeneity and accuracy of LC screening, and result in an improvement of the effectiveness of LC screening. Commissioned and directed by the Disease Prevention and Control Bureau of the National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China, the guidline was initiated by the National Cancer Center of China and formulated with joint effort by experts from different disciplines. Following the principles and methods in WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, the guidline integrates the latest development in LC screening and early diagnosis and treatment worldwide while fully considering China′s national conditions and practical experience in LC screening. It provides detailed evidence-based recommendations for different aspects of LC screening, such as the targeted population, the technologies and the procedures, to regulate the practices of LC screening and early diagnosis and treatment and enhance the effectiveness of the prevention and control of LC in China.

Immune checkpoints are the crucial regulators of immune system and play essential roles in maintaining self-tolerance, preventing autoimmune responses, and minimizing tissue damage by regulating the duration and intensity of the immune response. Furthermore, immune checkpoints are usually overexpressed in cancer cells or noninvasive cells in tumor tissues and are capable of suppressing the antitumor response. Based on substantial physiological analyses as well as preclinical and clinical studies, checkpoint molecules have been evaluated as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of multiple types of cancers. In the last few years, extensive evidence has supported the immunoregulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). The main advantage of TCMs and natural medicine is that they usually contain multiple active components, which can act on multiple targets at the same time, resulting in additive or synergistic effects. The strong immune regulation function of traditional Chinese medicine on immune checkpoints has also been of great interest. For example,