Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of Liraglutide on the spatial learning and memory function in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into control group(NC),T2DM group(T2DM)and Liraglutide group(Lir).The ability of learning and memory was evaluated by Morris water maze method.Apoptosis of hippocampal neuron was tested by TUNEL staining.The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 were measured by real time-PCR.The protein expressions of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),NADPH oxidase 1(NOX1),protein B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)and Bcl2-associated X(Bax)in hippocampus tissues were determined by Western blot.Results Compared with T2DM group,the percent time in target quadrant was increased in Lir group(P<0.05),while the escape latency of day 3 to day 5 was significantly decreased in Lir group(P<0.05).The apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was reduced in Lir group,and the morphological changes,including hyperchromatic cytoplasm and karyopyknosis were alleviated.Compared with T2DM group,MDA content,mRNA level of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6,and protein expression of NOX1 and Bax were decreased(P<0.05),while T-AOC,SOD,HO-1 and Bcl-2 protein expression were increased in Lir group(P<0.05).Conclusions Liraglutide ameliorates diabetes-related learning and memory impairment by regulating antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in hippocampus.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of high intraocular pressure (IOP) after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) in patients with high myopia, and construct and verify nomogram model.Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From January 2019 to January 2021, 327 patients (654 eyes) with high myopia treated with FS-LASIK in the Department of Ophthalmology of the 910th Hospital of the People's Liberation Army Coalition Security Force were included in the study. The patients were categorized into high IOP group and non-high IOP group according to whether high IOP occurred after surgery, which were 60 cases and 120 eyes (18.35%, 60/327) and 267 cases and 534 eyes (81.65%, 267/327), respectively. The clinical data of patients in the two groups were analyzed and observed, and the indicators with differences were subjected to one-way and multifactorial logistic regression analyses, and the results of the regression analyses were visualized to obtain the column line graphs using R3.5.3 software, and the accuracy of the column line graphs was verified by the consistency index (C-index), the calibration curves, and the subject's work characteristic curves (ROC curves).Results:Comparison of the number of cases of affected corneal thickness ( χ2=7.424), corneal curvature ( χ2=9.849), glucocorticoid treatment ( χ2=7.222), intraoperative IOP fluctuation ( χ2=11.475), corneal hysteresis ( χ2=6.368), and the incidence of intraoperative complications ( χ2=6.673) in the hypertensive IOP group and the nonvisualized IOP group were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that corneal thickness >450 μm, corneal curvature≤38 D, glucocorticoid treatment, intraoperative IOP fluctuation, corneal hysteresis ≤8.0 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), and intraoperative complications were the risk factors for the occurrence of high IOP after FS-LASIK surgery in patients with high myopia ( P<0.05). The C-index of the column-line graph prediction model based on this was 0.722 (95% confidence interval 0.684-0.760), the calibration curve and the ideal curve were basically the same, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.709. Conclusions:Corneal thickness> 450 μm, keratometric curvature ≤38 D, glucocorticoid treatment, intraoperative fluctuation of intraocular pressure, and corneal hysteresis ≤8.0 mm Hg are the risk factors for the development of hyperopic IOP in highly risk factors for the development of high IOP after FS-LASIK surgery in myopic patients. The column-line diagram model constructed on the basis of the risk factors hava good accuracy.

Objective To investigate the status of self‐management of blood pressure (BP) among elderly hypertensive patients living in new rural communities of Shanghai. Methods We enrolled a total of 2 241 hypertensive patients over 60 years old who participated in the National Key Research and Development Project "Cohort study on hypertension" of the 13th Five‐Year Plan in Langxia, Shanghai from May to July 2018. Questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests were conducted. We collected participants' demographic information, cardiovascular history, and self‐management behaviors related to hypertension. The status of self‐management of BP among participants with hypertension was analyzed. Pearson's chi‐squared test was used to explore the differences between males and females. Results Participants'mean age was (70.0±6.8) years, and males accounted for 38.8% of all participants. The systolic and diastolic BP levels of participants were (147.8±15.4) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and (82.8±9.8) mmHg, respectively. The systolic blood pressure level of women was higher than that of men, and the diastolic blood pressure level of men was higher; the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). The awareness, treatment, and control rate of hypertension were 79.0%, 78.0%, and 25.6%, respectively. Males had a significantly higher control rate than females (P<0.05). The status of self‐management of blood pressure was as follows: (1) As to lifestyle, 84.4% of participants lacked exercise, and 69.2% were overweight or obese. The prevalence of smoking and drinking was higher in males (40.7% and 46.2%, respectively), and the proportion of females (12.4%) with anxiety and/or depression was higher than that of males (P all<0.001). (2) Concerning BP‐monitoring, only 10.1% of participants measured BP every week, 22.9% had BP measurement instruments at home, and 4.6% recorded their BP levels. There was no significant difference in self‐blood pressure monitoring behavior between men and women. (3) Regarding adherence to medication treatment, 97.6% took antihypertensive drugs regularly, and 21.6% were on combination therapy. The proportion of men taking combined drugs was higher than that of women, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions The rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in elderly hypertensive patients in new rural communities of Shanghai were above the national average. However, the status of self‐management of BP was still not satisfactory. More attention should be paid to healthy lifestyle, home BP monitoring, and effective pharmaceutical treatment strategies for hypertension.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antibiotic resistance of the pathogens isolated from blood of the inpatients in hematology ward.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out using Kirby-Bauer method.The data were analyzed by WHONET 5.6 software.Results Of the 521 microbial isolates collected,gram-negative bacilli accounted for 47.2％,grampositive cocci 45.7％ and fungi (7.1％).The most frequently isolated microorganisms were coagulase negative Staphylococcus (154),E.coli (88),K.pneumoniae (51),P.aeruginosa (39) and Enterococcus spp (34).ESBLs were produced in about 40.4％ of the K.pneumoniae isolates and 63.4％ of the E.coli isolates.At least 90％ of the E.coli isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem,and at least 70％ susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam.At least 85％ of the K.pneumoniae strains were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem,and at least 70％ susceptible to levofloxacin,piperacillin-tazobactam and cefoperazone-sulbactam.The percentage of the P.aeruginosa susceptible to ciprofloxacin and tobramycin was at least 90％,and higher than 70％ to levofloxacin,meropenem,imipenem,piperacillin-tazobactam,cefepime,and cefoperazone-sulbactam.More than 90％ strains of the coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were susceptible to linezolid and teicoplanin.Overall,82.5％ of the coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolates were resistant to methicillin.Three E.coli isolates and 4 K.pneumoniae isolates were found resistant to carbapenems,and 14 Enterococcus isolates were resistant to vancomycin.Conclusions Gram-negative bacilli are the major pathogens from blood samples in hematology ward,which show high susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam and cefoperazone-sulbactam,imipenem and meropenem.The grampositive cocci show high susceptibility to linezolid and teicoplanin.These data are helpful for empirical antimicrobial therapy.

Objective To explore the application of ultrasound- guide modified Seldinger technique for upper arm PICC insertion in infant patients. Methods Use the ultrasound-guide modified Seldinger technique to inserted PICC for 27 infant patients. Results All 27 cases were inserted successfully, success rate of the one puncture reached 92.6%. Conclusions By adequate preparation for infants, effective immobilization and good cooperation of operators, and combined with techniques which prevent PICC misplacement, overcome the shortcoming of bad vessel and non-compliance of infant patients, develop the advantage of ultrasound, could improve the rate of successful catheterization of upper arm PICC insertion in infant patients, and protect the vessels.

To explore the association between T-cell receptor beta variable (TCR BV) complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) spectratyping and CMV activation in the recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Fluorescence quantitative PCR melting curve analysis was used to sequence 24 TCR BV families in 7 HSCT recipients and 3 healthy controls. CMV-pp65 antigenemia was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Plasma IgM specific for CMV was identified using ELISA. Relationship between TCR BV families and CMV activation was statistically analyzed.Twenty-four TCR BV families were expressed in 3 healthy controls, while TCR BV CDR3 sequencing results in 7 recipients turned out to be BV9, BV11, BV17, BV20 and so on. Amino acid sequence features were as follows:TCR BV9 contained "QVRGGTDTQ", TCR BV11 contained "VATDEQ" and "LGDEQ", TCR BV17 contained "IGQGNTEA", and TCR BV20 contained "VGLAANEQ". Five recipients suffered from pp65 antigenemia in 3 month after transplantation, and pp65-positive cells ranged from 2 to 15 per 5×10white blood cells. Three recipients were CMV-IgM positive. No significant differences were found in TCR BV families between pp65-positive recipients and pp65-negative recipients (all>0.05). But there was statistically significant difference in frequency of TCR BV11 between CMV-IgM negative recipients and CMV-IgM positive recipients (<0.05).T cell immune response was characterized by special TCR BV CDR3 spectratyping in HSCT recipients, and TCR BV11 expression may be associated with CMV activation.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Complementarity Determining Regions ; genetics ; immunology ; Cytomegalovirus ; genetics ; immunology ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; genetics ; Genotype ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; genetics ; Phosphoproteins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta ; genetics ; immunology ; Spleen ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; virology ; Viral Matrix Proteins

Objective: To explore the association between T-cell receptor beta variable (TCR BV) complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) spectratyping and CMV activation in the recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).Methods:Fluorescence quantitative PCR melting curve analysis was used to sequence 24 TCR BV families in 7 HSCT recipients and 3 healthy controls .CMV-pp65 antigenemia was measured by immunohistochemical staining .Plasma IgM specific for CMV was identified using ELISA .Relationship between TCR BV families and CMV activation was statistically analyzed .Results: Twenty-four TCR BV families were expressed in 3 healthy controls, while TCR BV CDR3 sequencing results in 7 recipients turned out to be BV9, BV11, BV17, BV20 and so on.Amino acid sequence features were as follows: TCR BV9 contained “QVRGGTDTQ”, TCR BV11 contained“VATDEQ” and “LGDEQ”, TCR BV17 contained “IGQGNTEA”, and TCR BV20 contained “VGLAANEQ”.Five recipients suffered from pp65 antigenemia in 3 month after transplantation , and pp65-positive cells ranged from 2 to 15 per 5 ×104 white blood cells.Three recipients were CMV-IgM positive.No significant differences were found in TCR BV families between pp 65-positive recipients and pp65-negative recipients ( all P>0.05 ) .But there was statistically significant difference in frequency of TCR BV11 between CMV-IgM negative recipients and CMV-IgM positive recipients ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion: T cell immune response was characterized by special TCR BV CDR3 spectratyping in HSCT recipients , and TCR BV11 expression may be associated with CMV activation .

Objective To explore the clinical value of echocardiography in evaluating the cardiovascular safety of drugs for AIDS patients treated by highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART).Methods 45 HIV-infected patients accepted three times of echocardiography respectively before the treatment,and after 48 weeks of HAART and 96 weeks of HAART.All kinds of echocardiographic parameters were measured.Results There were statistically significant differences among baseline group pretreatment [V-LVOT:( 115.0 ± 13.8 ) cm/s,EDT:(166.8 ± 26.7) cm/s,E':(26.8±6.7)cm/s],48 weeks [V-LVOT:( 113.0 ± 12.9)cm/s,EDT:(172.9±31.0)cm/s,E':(23.8 ±5.0)cm/s] of HAART and96 weeks[V-LVOT:(107.0±13.3)cm/s,EDT:(140.4 ± 19.3)cm/s,E':(22.7±6.4)cm/s]of HAART for parameters of V-LVOT,EDT and E'( all P ＜ 0.05 ),other echocardiographic parameters showed no statistically significant differences(all P＞0.05).Conclusion Short-term of HAART was provided with cardiovascular safety,the invasive echocardiography could accurately evaluate the cardiac function and structure of AIDS patients with HAART.

Recent studies indicate that immune-associated aplastic anemia (AA) resembles such autoimmune diseases as insulin-dependent diabetes and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis that belong to organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Many independent investigation groups have successfully isolated the pathopoiesis-associated T cell clone causing hematopoiesis failure with a CD4 phenotype from peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) in AA patients. In the current study, BM CD4(+) T cells were isolated from AA patients and healthy controls with immunomagnetic beads sorting, and proliferation capability, apoptosis features and the impacts of their secreted cytokines on hematopoiesis stem/progenitor cells were compared between them. By (3)H-TdR method, CD4(+) T cells in AA group presented more enhanced proliferative activity. The stimulation index in control group and AA group was 1.47+/-0.24, and 2.51+/-0.34 respectively (P<0.01). After BM CD4(+) T cells were induced by high concentration of CD3 monoclonal antibody for 18 h, evident apoptosis cells could be seen under the electron microscope in both control group and AA group. Flow cytometry revealed that apoptosis rates in the early and late stages of AA group were significantly higher than in control group (P<0.01). Early-stage apoptosis rate in control and AA groups was (6.85+/-1.48)% and (16.98+/-4.40)%, and late-stage apoptosis rate in control group and AA group was (2.65+/-1.57)% and (7.74+/-0.83)%, respectively (P<0.01). The CFU-GM count in AA group and control group was (74.50+/-9.50)/10(4) cells and (124.25+/-19.80)/10(4) cells respectively under an inverted microscope (P<0.01), and the expression levels of CyclinD3 mRNA and protein in cord blood CD34(+) cells were both down-regulated induced by BM CD4(+) T cell culture supernatant in AA patients. These results indicate that BM CD4(+) T cells of AA patients are likely in an abnormally proliferative, and activated state which can correlate intimately with AA hematopoiesis damage. BM CD4(+) T cells in AA patients can secret some soluble cytokines that can inhibit proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells by suppressing the expression of Cyclin D3, resulting in hematopoiesis failure.

Recent studies indicate that immune-associated aplastic anemia(AA)resembles such autoimmune diseases as insulin-dependent diabetes and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis that belong to organ-specific autoimmune diseases.Many independent investigation groups have successfully isolated the pathopoiesis-associated T cell clone causing hematopoiesis failure with a CD4 phenotype from peripheral blood and bone marrow(BM)in AA patients.In the current study,BM CD4+ T cells were isolated from AA patients and healthy controls with immunomagnetic beads sorting,and proliferation capability,apoptosis features and the impacts of their secreted cytokines on hematopoiesis stem/progenitor cells were compared between them.By 3H-TdR method,CD4+ T cells in AA group presented more enhanced proliferative activity.The stimulation index in control group and AA group was 1.47±0.24,and 2.51±0.34 respectively(P<0.01).After BM CD4+ T cells were induced by high concentration of CD3 monoclonal antibody for 18h,evident apoptosis cells could be seen under the electron microscope in both control group and AA group.Flow cytometry revealed that apoptosis rates in the early and late stages of AA group were significantly higher than in control group(P<0.01).Early-stage apoptosis rate in control and AA groups was(6.85±1.48)% and(16.98±4.40)%,and late-stage apoptosis rate in control group and AA group was(2.654±1.57)% and(7.74±0.83)%,respectively(P<0.01).The CFU-GM count in AA group and control group was(74.50±9.50)/104 cells and(124.25±19.80)/104 cells respectively under an inverted microscope(P<0.01),and the expression levels of CyclinD3 mRNA and protein in cord blood CD34+ cells were both down-regulated induced by BM CD4+ T cell culture supernatant in AA patients.These results indicate that BM CD4+ T cells of AA patients are likely in an abnormally proliferative,and activated state which can correlate intimately with AA hematopoiesis damage.BM CD4+ T cells in AA patients can secret some soluble cytokines that can inhibit proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells by suppressing the expression of Cyclin D3,resulting in hematopoiesis failure.