By consulting ancient materia medica， medical books， prescription books and modern literature， this paper systematically combed and reviewed the name， origin， scientific name evolution， producting area， quality evaluation， medicinal parts， harvesting and processing and traditional efficacy of Lasiosphaera Calvatia. The results show that Mabo was first recorded in Mingyi Bielu. Since then， all dynasties have taken Mabo as a legitimate name. Before the Song dynasty， only Calvatia lilacina was used as the original plant of Lasiosphaera Calvatia， which was expanded after the Song dynasty with the appearance of C. gigantea， Lasiosphaera fenzlii， Bovistella radicata and other varieties. Until modern times， there was an addition of Lycoperdon perlatum， L. pyriforme and other original plants of Lasiosphaera Calvatia. Since 1975， the original plant of Lasiosphaera Calvatia in various regulations and academic monographs has been basically uniform for C. lilacina， Lasiosphaera fenzlii and C. gigantea. Resource of the medicinal fungus was widely distributed in China and was mainly wild. From ancient times to the present， the medicinal parts of Lasiosphaera Calvatia are all fruiting body， which is harvested in summer and autumn， and its processing method was to take powder in ancient times， but to cut blocks in modern times. In recent times， its quality has been summarized as large， thin-skinned， intact， full， loose-bubbled and elastic. The medicinal efficacy has been developed from very good for all scores， and after the Ming and Qing dynasties， it is consistent with the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， with the efficacy of clearing the lung， promoting pharynx， relieving fever and hemostasis， mainly treating cough aphonia， throat obstruction and pharyngeal pain， vomiting blood， epistaxis， hemoptysis， and external treating sores and bleeding from cuts and wounds. Based on the results of herbal textual research， it is suggested that C. lilacina is the first choice for the origin of Lasiosphaera Calvatia involved in famous classical formulas， and it is processed into block or powder for medicine.

【Objective】 To analyze the basic characteristics of whole blood donors from blood stations before and after the outbreak of COVID-19. 【Methods】 After excluding invalid data, data related to the basic characteristics of whole blood donors collected from 26 blood stations in China during 2018 to 2021 were statistically analyzed, including the trend of total whole blood donors, the number of repeated blood donors, the frequency of blood donation, the average age of donors and the recruitment of first-time blood donors. 【Results】 Affected by the epidemic, 8 out of 14 indicators were with large variations, accounting for 57%. The overall growth rate of total whole blood donors during the epidemic was higher than before the epidemic (P<0.05).The number of repeated blood donors has shown an increased trend, with a higher number during the epidemic than before (P<0.05). The frequency of blood donation was lower during the epidemic than before(P<0.05).Average ages of blood donors and female blood donors fluctuated widely during the epidemic, both higher than those before the epidemic(P<0.05).The donation rate of first-time blood donors <25 years old and ≥25 years old varied widely and irregularly during the epidemic (both P<0.05). The percentage of first-time blood donors fluctuated irregularly during the epidemic, with overall percentage lower than that before the epidemic(P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Whole blood donors from 26 blood stations increased after the outbreak of COVID-19, and some indicators in certain areas showed significant fluctuations during the epidemic.

In order to explore the antitumor effect and mechanism of different extracts of cultivated Phellinus vaninii fruit body on H₂₂ tumor bearing mice, 150 ICR mice were randomly divided into blank group, model group, CTX group, P. vaninii water extract group, ethanol extract group, petroleum ether extract group and crude polysaccharide group. H₂₂ liver cancer cells were used to establish a solid tumor model and the mice were sacrificed on the 10th day after administration. The spleen and thymus organ index and tumor inhibition rate were calculated, the serum levels of TNF-α, INF-γ, VEGF, and hematoxylin-eosin were detected, and the immunohistochemical staining method was used to observe the pathological changes of tumor tissues, while Western blotting was used to detect the expression of tumor-related proteins. The high-dose petroleum ether extract group showed the best tumor inhibition rate (73.21%), increased serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and VEGF, as well as significantly promoted tumor necrosis and ablation. The immunohistochemistry of the water extract group showed negative regulation, indicating an insignificant tumor suppression. Western blotting showed the apoptosis genes Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and pathway genes NF-κB and JAK were all highly expressed in each administration group compared with the model group, and their expression levels gradually decreased with increasing doses. In summary, the petroleum ether extract of P. vaninii fruit body showed a significant anti-tumor effect which is presumably mediated through the mitochondrial pathway. The metabolism of drug in the body induces activation of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 apoptotic proteins by Bax, Bcl-2, and TNF, which further caused nuclear chromatin or DNA to condense or degrade, and subsequently destroy the normal proliferation of tumor cells, thereby inducing their apoptosis and inhibiting tumor growth.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Basidiomycota ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neoplasms/metabolism*

Objective To investigate the effects of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in early pregnancy on the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Sichuan Province. Methods A case-control study was performed on 1 508 gravidas at 8-14 gestational weeks in Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children from February to July, 2017. Baseline information during early pregnancy was collected through questionnaires. Information on time and intensity of physical activity were collected through pregnancy physical activity questionnaire. The time spent in MVPA was calculated and was categorized as active ( ≥ 3.5 h/week) or inactive MVPA (<3.5 h/week). Based on self-reported pre-pregnancy weights collected by questionnaire as well as the measured heights, body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy was calculated. After a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 gestational weeks, all subjects were divided into GDM (n=561) or non-GDM group (n=947), according to the GDM diagnostic criteria of the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pregnancy Diabetes in China (2014). Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the time of MVPA in early pregnancy and GDM incidence. ResuLts The median time spent in MVPA [M(P25-P75)] in early pregnancy was 3.00 (0.50-3.12) h/week, and 345 gravidas (22.9%) were classified as active in MVPA. After the control of confounding factors such as age, gravidity and parity history, and pre-pregnancy BMI, the multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the inactive group, the risk of GDM of active MVPA gravidas was reduced by 26.1% (OR=0.739, 95%CI: 0.553-0.989, P=0.042). Among primigravidas and primiparae, the risk of GDM in active MVPA gravidas was decreased by 47.6% and 44.3% than the inactive ones, respectively (primigravidas: OR=0.524, 95%CI: 0.297-0.925, P=0.026; primiparae: OR=0.557, 95%CI: 0.357-0.868, P=0.010). ConcLusions Insufficient physical activity in early pregnancy is common in gravidas in Sichuan, China. The risk of GDM could be reduced if the frequency of MVPA during early pregnancy is no less than 3.5 h/week, especially in primigravidas and primiparae.

Objective: To explore the role of D-dimer level in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive disease (AECOPD) in predicting the re-admission of patients. Methods: One hundred and twenty chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in the Shanghai General Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University form January 2016 to December 2018 were divided into AECOPD group (62 cases) and stable COPD group (58 cases).The level of serum D-dimer was analyzed and Pearson correlation analysis was performed with the patient′s blood gas analysis and COPD assessment test (CAT) score. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of serum D-dimer level for readmission. Results: Serum D-dimer level was significantly higher in AECOPD group than that in stable group: (1.24 ± 0.56) mg/L vs. (0.39 ± 0.22) mg/L, and there was statistical difference (P<0.01). Serum D-dimer level was negatively correlated with PaO₂ in COPD patients (r = 0.712, P = 0.000), but positively correlated with PaCO₂ (r = 0.683, P = 0.000) and CAT score (r = 0.652, P = 0.000). The area under the ROC curve of D-dimer level to re-admission of COPD patients within one year was 0.848. The cutoff value was 1.015 mg/L. Conclusions The level of D-dimer in COPD patients is of great value in predicting the re-admission of patients, which can be used as an independent indicator of disease progression.

This study aimed at exploring the inhibitory effect behind its mechanism on acid-soluble polysaccharides from G.incamatum in transplanted H22 tumor mice.Different indices,including tumor inhibitory rate,organ index of liver,thymus and spleen,IL-2,IFN-γ and TNF-α were detected for the evaluation of anti-tumor effects and the mechanism.Furthermore,HE staining and TUNEL assay were adopted to investigate the pathological changes of tumor tissue and cell apoptosis,respectively.As a result,the three dose groups of acidsoluble polysaccharides of G.incamatum successfully inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells,while organ indexes of spleen and thymus were improved and serum IL-2,IFN-γ and TNF-α increased.H&E staining and TUNEL assay showed the polysaccharides induced cell apoptosis,playing a significant role in the inhibition of tumor growth.In conclusion,acid-soluble polysaccharides of G.incamatum possessed significant anti-tumor effects,behind which the mechanism could be related to the regulation of immune regulation,cell apoptosis,and the protection of liver function.

OBJECTIVETo determine the immune repertoires of peripheral CD4+T cell receptor (TCR) Vb CDR3 in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and analyze TCR diversity and preferred usage at sequence-level resolution.

METHODSARM-PCR and high-throughput sequencing were used to obtain millions of TCR Vb CDR3 sequences from peripheral CD4+T cells isolated from 7 patients with PBC and healthy volunteers. All sequencing data were analyzed, together with corresponding clinical information, by bioinformatic software. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe PBC patients showed a lower level of diversity among the peripheral CD4+TCR Vb CDR3 than the healthy volunteers, and patients with higher level progression of the disease showed a greater lack of diversity. In addition, 4 specific preferred-usage amino acid sequences were discovered for the PBC patients: ASSFTGGPVEQY, ASSLISSGNNEQF, ATSRDTLAGGPGDTQY, and SASLEGNTEAF; these sequences were also found in higher frequencies in patients with later stages of PBC.

CONCLUSIONSDecreased TCR Vb CDR3 diversities and specific preferred usage of TCR CDR3 sequences in peripheral CD4+T lymphocytes in PBC suggest that clonal expansion of a large number of CD4+T cells may be an important factor for PBC progression. These data provide a better understanding about the general characteristics of CD4+T cells in PBC patients and related to pathogenesis of the disease, and may provide useful insights into potential targets for immunotherapy.

Background and objective Metastasis-associated protein 3 (MTA3) was originally found as a member of a small protein family (including MTA1, MTA2 and MTA3), and it has been proven that MTA3 had different roles in dif-ferent types of human cancers. hTe aim of this study is to explore the function of MTA3 to regulate the cell apoptosis in lung cancer. Methods Western blot and Real-time PCR were used to detect the expression level of MTA3 atfer transfection in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells A549 and H157. Apoptosis analysis was used to detect the change of cell apoptosis with upregulated/downregulated of MTA3, and Western blot was used to detect the the expression of the protein related with apop-tosis, while downregulate the expression of MTA3 in NSCLC cells A549 and H157. Results Downregulated of endogenous MTA3 could promote apoptosis in NSCLC cells, meanwhile, siMTA3 could upregulate the protein of BAX, Cleved-Caspase-3, p-PARP, and dowmregulate the protein of Bcl-2. Conclusion hTe data we present here indicate that MTA3 suppress apoptosis of A549 an H157 cells by inhibiting BAX, PARP expression.

BACKGROUND:Mongolian Pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil has achieved good clinical efficacy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Mongolian Pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis negative feedback function in the chronic depressed rats, and to explore anti-depression mechanisms of Mongolian Pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei ingredients pil. METHODS: Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into ten groups according to the sugar consumption test (with eight rats in each group): normal control group, model group, fluoxetine group, high-, medium- and low-dose Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil groups, RU486 group, high-, medium- and low-dose Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil plus RU486 groups. Except normal control group, the other groups were treated with the chronic unpredictable mild stress stimulation combined with lonely rising, to establish depression models. In the meantime, rats of the high-, medium- and low-dose Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil groups were given oral gavage of Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g/kg) for 28 days; rats of the normal control group and model group were intragstricaly administered with sodium carboxymethyl celulose; rats of RU486 group were given abdominal subcutaneous injection of RU486 from day 21 after modeling; rats of the high-, medium- and low-dose Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil plus RU486 groups were intragstricaly administered with Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g/kg) and subcutaneous injection of RU486 from day 21. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with normal control group, cortisone content increased significantly (P < 0.05), the expression of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland decreased significantly, and hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNA expression increased significantly in the model group and RU486 group. Compared with model group, cortisone content decreased, the expression of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland increased significantly, and hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNA expression decreased significantly in rats treated with Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil. Compared with RU486 group, Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil administration led to changed in cortisone content, glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland, as wel as hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNA expression. Experimental findings indicate that, Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil can directly regulate excessive secretion of glucocorticoid, and improve the dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis central negative feedback through increasing glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression and decreasing corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA expression. After the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis negative feedback pathway is blocked, the effect of Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pil is weakened.

Betel Shi-San-Wei Ingredients Pill(BSSWIP) was first recorded in the 19th century writings Meng-Yi Jin-Gui with the name of Gao-Y ou-13. The name of BSSWIP was first recorded in the book of the 1977 edition of the Drug Standard of the Jilin Province, which was formerly known as Tai De Hu Ran Gu Lu Ge Qi Nai Ran Ta, Se Me Ji De Ji De, and etc. Although in the book of Tong-Wa-Ga-Ji-De, Se Me Ji De Ji De was documented, it was the same name of different compositions. It had no original relation with BSSWIP. In different periods, the BSSWIP was consisted of 13, 14 or 15 kinds of herbs. There were at least five different types of herbs appeared in the Gao-Y ou-13. The evolution of prescription was mainly from the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century. There was no major change on prescription composition and proportion since 1971. Among them, 10 kinds of herbs, which were Bing-Lang, Guang-Zao, Mu-Xiang, Ding-Xiang, Rou-Dou-Kou, Zi-Nao-Sha, Gan-Jiang, Bi-Ba, Hu-Jiao, and Chen-Xiang were fixed. The ratio of single herbal medicine changed the most was Zhi-Cao-W u, which was followed by Mu-Xiang, Ding-Xiang and Chen-Xiang. There were no marked sources of BSSWIP in the recording of the Drug Standard of the Jilin Province and the Mongolian Medicine V olume·Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. The composition and proportion were considered to be from the book Meng-Y i Jin-Gui according to notes of Standards on Mongolian Patent Medicine in Inner Mongolia. Recordings of three standards are in consistence with the Meng-Y i Jin-Gui on Gao-Y ou-13 except for Y e-Mao-Niu Xin and the different ratio of Zhi-Cao-W u. In the appendix of the Standards on Mongolian Patent Medicine in Inner Mongolia, it marked the differences from the original prescription. Therefore, the other two criteria should also mark the similarities and differences compared with the original prescription properly.