OBJECTIVE To assess the safety profile of sintilimab in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS The data of patients with cholangiocarcinoma from January 1st， 2021 to December 31st， 2022 were collected and divided into control group （29 cases） and observation group （18 cases） based on different medication regimens. Patients in the control group were treated with Gemcitabine hydrochloride for injection+Cisplatin for injection or Oxaliplatin for injection， the observation group was treated with Sintilimab injection based on the control group. Patients in each group underwent blood routine， liver and kidney function， biochemical and other examinations before and after each treatment cycle to observe the occurrence of adverse drug reactions. The correlation of adverse drug reactions with drugs was evaluated with Naranjo’s scale. RESULTS The correlation between blood toxicity and drug use was deemed “probable” in both groups； however， the observation group exhibited a significantly higher score， indicating a stronger correlation. In the control group， hepatotoxic reactions were classified as “suspicious” whereas in the observation group， they were categorized as “probable”. The correlation of gastrointestinal symptoms between the two groups was considered “possible”. Systemic symptoms， skin toxicity， musculoskeletal toxicity， endocrine toxicity and renal toxicity were all classified as having a “suspicious” correlation with drug use. The total incidence of blood toxicity in the observation group was significantly higher than control group （P＝0.014）. There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidences of hepatotoxic， gastrointestinal symptoms， systemic symptoms， skin toxicity， musculoskeletal toxicity， endocrine toxicity， renal toxicity， or the incidence of grade 3 or higher blood toxicity， hepatotoxic between the two groups （P＞0.05）. For the patients experiencing adverse drug reactions， the symptoms were alleviated following drug discontinuation or symptomatic supportive treatment. No fatalities occurred during the treatment period. CONCLUSIONS Sintilimab combined with chemotherapy may significantly increase the risk of blood toxicity in patients with cholangiocarcinoma， especially thrombocytopenia， but the adverse reactions are within a controllable range， and the overall safety is good.

Objective:To investigate the body composition and sarcopenia in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:A total of 220 patients with stable COPD were enrolled in the study from China-Japan Friendship Hospital during July 2018 to December 2019; 220 age and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group 1) and 220 healthy young adults aged 20-40 years (control group 2) were enrolled from the community. The body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance method. The demographic characteristics, disease conditions, living background and other related factors were collected by questionnaire. T test or one-way ANOVA were used for comparison between groups, and non parametric test was used for non normal distribution data.Results:Compared with the control group 1 and control group 2, the body fat rate ( Z=-10.037, t=-8.411), the fat free mass index ( Z=-8.165, t=-7.856), and appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI) ( t=-7.158, t=-11.989) were significantly lower in stable COPD patients ( P<0.05). Among 220 patients with stable COPD, 51 (23.2%) were diagnosed as sarcopenia; the prevalence of sarcopenia was 18.3% (24/131) in men and 30.3% (27/89) in women (χ2=4.297, P=0.038). The decreased ASMI and grip strength in COPD patients with sarcopenia were significantly associated with age≥75 (χ2= 15.746, F= 14.048), female sex ( Z=5.805, t=2.672), low income ( Z=-4.291, t=-4.789), Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grade Ⅳ (χ2=22.644, F=3.905), Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale grade 4 (χ2=12.475, F=4.369), not receiving systematic health education ( Z=-4.239, Z=-2.474), no exercise (χ2=14.786, F=3.402), insufficient nutrition intake (χ2=40.531, F=10.529). The range of 6-min walking distance was (110-268) m, that was even shorter for patients with mMRC dyspnea scale grade 4 ( F=3.468, P<0.05). Conclusion:The impairment of body composition is common in COPD patients, which will further affect the body function. It is suggested that the routine evaluation of COPD should include the measurement of body composition.

Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment for enterocutaneous fistula (ECF) in China, and to explore the prognostic factors of ECF. Methods: A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted based on the Registration System of Chinese Gastrointestinal Fistula and Intra-Abdominal Infections to collect the clinical data of ECF patients from 54 medical centers in 22 provinces/municipalities from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. The clinical data included patient gender, age, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, underlying diseases, primary diseases, direct causes of ECF, location and type of ECF, complications, treatment and outcomes. All medical records were carefully filled in by the attending physicians, and then re-examined by more than two specialists. The diagnosis of ECF was based on the clinical manifestations, laboratory/imaging findings and intraoperative exploration. Results: A total of 1521 patients with ECF were enrolled, including 1099 males and 422 females, with a median age of 55 years. The top three primary diseases of ECF were malignant tumors in 626 cases (41.2%, including 540 gastrointestinal tumors, accounting for 86.3% of malignant tumors), gastrointestinal ulcers and perforations in 202 cases (13.3%), and trauma in 157 cases (10.3%). The direct causes of ECF were mainly surgical operation in 1194 cases (78.5%), followed by trauma in 156 (10.3%), spontaneous fistula due to Crohn′s disease in 92 (6.0%), radiation intestinal injury in 41 (2.7%), severe pancreatitis in 20 (1.3%), endoscopic treatment in 13 (0.9%) and 5 cases (0.3%) of unknown reasons. All the patients were divided into three groups: 1350 cases (88.7%) with simple ECF, 150 (9.9%) with multiple ECF, and 21 (1.4%) with combined internal fistula. Among the patients with simple ECF, 438 cases (28.8%) were jejuno-ileal fistula, 313 (20.6%) colon fistula, 170 (11.2%) rectal fistula, 111 (7.3%) duodenal fistula, 76 (5.0%) ileocecal fistula, 65 (4.3%) ileocolic anastomotic fistula, 55 (3.6%) duodenal stump fistula, 36 (2.4%) gastrointestinal anastomotic fistula, 36 (2.4%) esophagogastric/esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula, 29 (1.9%) gastric fistula and 21 (1.4%) cholangiopancreatiointestinal. Among all the simple ECF patients, 991 were tubular fistula and 359 were labial fistula. A total of 1146 patients finished the treatment, of whom 1061 (92.6%) were healed (586 by surgery and 475 self-healing) and 85 (7.4%) died. A total of 1043 patients (91.0%) received nutritional support therapy, and 77 (6.7%) received fistuloclysis. Infectious source control procedures were applied to 1042 patients, including 711 (62.0%) with active lavage and drainage and 331 (28.9%) with passive drainage. Among them, 841 patients (73.4%) underwent minimally invasive procedures of infectious source control (replacement of drainage tube through sinus tract, puncture drainage, etc.), 201 (17.5%) underwent laparotomy drainage, while 104 (9.1%) did not undergo any drainage measures. A total of 610 patients (53.2%) received definitive operation, 24 patients died within postoperative 30-day with mortality of 3.9% (24/610), 69 (11.3%) developed surgical site infection (SSI), and 24 (3.9%) had a relapse of fistula. The highest cure rate was achieved in ileocecal fistula (100%), followed by rectal fistula (96.2%, 128/133) and duodenal stump fistula (95.7%,44/46). The highest mortality was found in combined internal fistula (3/12) and no death in ileocecal fistula. Univariate prognostic analysis showed that primary diseases as Crohn′s disease (χ²=6.570, P=0.010) and appendicitis/appendiceal abscess (P=0.012), intestinal fistula combining with internal fistula (χ²=5.460, P=0.019), multiple ECF (χ²=7.135, P=0.008), esophagogastric / esophagojejunal anastomotic fistula (χ²=9.501, P=0.002), ECF at ileocecal junction (P=0.012), non-drainage/passive drainage before the diagnosis of intestinal fistula (χ²=9.688, P=0.008), non-drainage/passive drainage after the diagnosis of intestinal fistula (χ²=9.711, P=0.008), complicating with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (χ²=179.699, P<0.001), sepsis (χ²=211.851, P<0.001), hemorrhage (χ²=85.300, P<0.001), pulmonary infection (χ²=60.096, P<0.001), catheter-associated infection (χ²=10.617, P=0.001) and malnutrition (χ²=21.199, P<0.001) were associated with mortality. Multivariate prognostic analysis cofirmed that sepsis (OR=7.103, 95%CI:3.694-13.657, P<0.001), complicating with MODS (OR=5.018, 95%CI:2.170-11.604, P<0.001), and hemorrhage (OR=4.703, 95%CI: 2.300-9.618, P<0.001) were independent risk factors of the death for ECF patients. Meanwhile, active lavage and drainage after the definite ECF diagnosis was the protective factor (OR=0.223, 95%CI: 0.067-0.745, P=0.015). Conclusions The overall mortality of ECF is still high. Surgical operation is the most common cause of ECF. Complications e.g. sepsis, MODS, hemorrhage, and catheter-associated infection, are the main causes of death. Active lavage and drainage is important to improve the prognosis of ECF.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between exercise and serum lipid level in middle-aged population. Methods: Based on “multicenter collaborative study of cardiovascular epidemiology” research, a total of 3482 subjects at the age of (35-59) years from urban and rural areas of Beijing and Guangzhou were enrolled in this study. According to daily energy expenditure of exercise (EEexer), the participants were divided into 3 groups: No exercise group, (daily) EEexer below median group and (daily) EEexer above median group. The type and duration of exercise were collected by the questionnaire, daily EEexer was calculated and the relationship between exercise and serum lipid level was estimated by covariance analysis. Results: There were 47.1% (807/1712) male and 41.1% (727/1770) female participants having exercise. With controlled age, area, education level, smoking, drinking, BMI and energy expenditure of physical activity outside of exercise (EEPA), serum levels of TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C and TG were decreased in women by elevated EEexer groups accordingly, and among them, there were significant differences in LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels between groups, P<0.05; compared with No exercise group, in female daily EEexer above median group, LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels decreased about 0.14 mmol/L,P=0.0063 and 0.14 mmol/L, P=0.0155 respectively; while in men, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C and TG levels showed a decreasing trends by elevated EEexer groups but with no statistical significance. No association was found for HDL-C in men and women. Conclusion: Serum levels of LDL-C and non-HDL-C were lower in female daily EEexer above median group than No excise group, the effects were independent from working and other physical activities.

OBJECTIVETo examine the expression profile and immunofluorescence localization of the major egg antigen p40 of Schistosoma japonicum (Sjp40) during granuloma formation in the liver of infected New Zealand white rabbits.

METHODSNew Zealand white rabbits were infected with S. japonicum cercariae, and the livers were harvested at 29 and 45 days post-infection (dpi). The total RNA of the liver tissues was extracted for expression profiling of Sjp40 by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) with GAPDH of S. japonicum as the endogenous reference gene. The expression of Sjp40 in the liver were detected by Western blotting using anti-Sjp40 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9G7 or anti-Toxoplasma gondii tSAG1 mAb Y3A8 (control) as the primary antibody. Paraffin sections of the liver were prepared for observing egg granuloma formation using HE staining and for indirect immunofluorescence assay of Sjp40 location in the trapped eggs and egg granulomas.

RESULTSThe level of Sjp40 mRNA in the eggs trapped in rabbit livers was significantly higher at 45 dpi than that at 29 dpi (P<0.05), and Western blotting confirmed the presence of Sjp40 protein in the rabbit livers at both 29 and 45 dpi. Immunofluorescence assay demonstrated localized expression of Sjp40 in the immature eggs in the rabbit liver at 29 dpi, but at 45 dpi fluorescence was detected in clusters of mature eggs containing miracidium and in the surrounding egg granulomas.

CONCLUSIONSThe transcriptional levels of Sjp40 significantly increased with the maturation of eggs trapped in the rabbit livers. Sjp40 protein spread from the eggs to the surrounding egg granuloma at 45 dpi when acute liver granulomatous lesions occur, suggesting that Sjp40 plays a key role in egg granulomas formation in the livers of infected New Zealand white rabbits.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Helminth ; metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Granuloma ; parasitology ; Helminth Proteins ; metabolism ; Liver ; parasitology ; RNA, Messenger ; Rabbits ; Schistosoma japonicum ; Schistosomiasis japonica

Objective To explored high-risk HPV genotyping PCR testing whether as a feasible means for the early screening of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Methods From January 2013 to June 2014, 15 192 outpatients in China-Japan Friendship Hospital voluntary were tested by high-risk type HPV genotyping PCR. The average age of them were (33±8) years old. High-risk HPV types genotyping PCR tested by fluorescence PCR technology,in which 13 kinds of high-risk HPV subtypes were detected,
including HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 68. A total of 4 315 cases of them were tested by the liquid-based cytology (LCT), among them with positive of high-risk HPV genotyping tested by PCR (n=2 366) were biopsy under colposcope (648 cases) in those LCT results were positive or LCT negative but HPV16 positive or LCT negative but had the clear clinical symptoms or and non-HPV16 positive but with clear clinical symptoms. (1) Analysis high-risk HPV infection status of 15 192 women.(2)As the pathological diagnosis was the gold standard in the diagnosis of cervical lesions, analysis of the relationship among high-risk HPV infection,virus loads and cervical lesions. (3) To evaluated the value of high-risk HPV genotyping PCR tested method in screening of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions. Results ⑴ Of 15 192 cases tested by high-risk HPV genotyping PCR, 2 366 cases were HPV positive (HPV infection), the overall infection rate was 15.57%(2 366/15 192), in which a single subtype of HPV infection in 1 767 cases, infection rate was 11.63%(1 767/15 192), and multiple subtypes of HPV infection (two and more subtypes HPV infection) in 599 cases, infection rate was 3.94%(599/15 192). The HPV16, 52 and 58 infections were the most common HPV subtypes in 13 subtypes, the infection rate was 3.95% (600/15 192), 2.86%(435/15 192) and 2.67% (406/15 192), respectively. (2) The most relevant subtypes with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)Ⅱand even higher lesion were HPV16, 52 and 58, accounted for 57.7%(154/267) of all above CINⅡlesions. The most relevant subtype with the cervical glandular intraepithelial neoplasia (CGIN) Ⅱ or above lesions was HPV18, 3 cases with CGIN Ⅱ or above lesions were all single HPV18 infection. The pathologic examination positive percentage of patients which HPV virus loads≤103 copys/104 cells was 18.2%(25/137), while the pathologic examination positive proportion was 33.3%(247/742) which HPV virus loads≥104 copys/104 cells , there was statistically significant difference between them (χ2=27.06, P=0.000).(3)Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for detection of CINⅡ or above using HPV genotyping PCR were 96.11%, 85.76%, 30.94% and 99.70%, respectively. Conclusions There were a guiding significance for high-risk HPV genotyping PCR tested in screening of cervical cancer and precancerous lesion. HPV16, 52 and 58 were related to the severe cervical squamous epithelial lesions, while HPV18 was related to cervical severe glandular cell pathological changes. HPV genotyping is feasible and economical as the first choice of opportunistic screening in tertiary hospitals.

Objective To examine the expression profile and immunofluorescence localization of the major egg antigen p40 of Schistosoma japonicum (Sjp40) during granuloma formation in the liver of infected New Zealand white rabbits. Methods New Zealand white rabbits were infected with S. japonicum cercariae, and the livers were harvested at 29 and 45 days post-infection (dpi). The total RNA of the liver tissues was extracted for expression profiling of Sjp40 by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) with GAPDH of S. japonicum as the endogenous reference gene. The expression of Sjp40 in the liver were detected by Western blotting using anti-Sjp40 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9G7 or anti-Toxoplasma gondii tSAG1 mAb Y3A8 (control) as the primary antibody. Paraffin sections of the liver were prepared for observing egg granuloma formation using HE staining and for indirect immunofluorescence assay of Sjp40 location in the trapped eggs and egg granulomas. Results The level of Sjp40 mRNA in the eggs trapped in rabbit livers was significantly higher at 45 dpi than that at 29 dpi (P<0.05), and Western blotting confirmed the presence of Sjp40 protein in the rabbit livers at both 29 and 45 dpi. Immunofluorescence assay demonstrated localized expression of Sjp40 in the immature eggs in the rabbit liver at 29 dpi, but at 45 dpi fluorescence was detected in clusters of mature eggs containing miracidium and in the surrounding egg granulomas. Conclusion The transcriptional levels of Sjp40 significantly increased with the maturation of eggs trapped in the rabbit livers. Sjp40 protein spread from the eggs to the surrounding egg granuloma at 45 dpi when acute liver granulomatous lesions occur, suggesting that Sjp40 plays a key role in egg granulomas formation in the livers of infected New Zealand white rabbits.

Objective To examine the expression profile and immunofluorescence localization of the major egg antigen p40 of Schistosoma japonicum (Sjp40) during granuloma formation in the liver of infected New Zealand white rabbits. Methods New Zealand white rabbits were infected with S. japonicum cercariae, and the livers were harvested at 29 and 45 days post-infection (dpi). The total RNA of the liver tissues was extracted for expression profiling of Sjp40 by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) with GAPDH of S. japonicum as the endogenous reference gene. The expression of Sjp40 in the liver were detected by Western blotting using anti-Sjp40 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 9G7 or anti-Toxoplasma gondii tSAG1 mAb Y3A8 (control) as the primary antibody. Paraffin sections of the liver were prepared for observing egg granuloma formation using HE staining and for indirect immunofluorescence assay of Sjp40 location in the trapped eggs and egg granulomas. Results The level of Sjp40 mRNA in the eggs trapped in rabbit livers was significantly higher at 45 dpi than that at 29 dpi (P<0.05), and Western blotting confirmed the presence of Sjp40 protein in the rabbit livers at both 29 and 45 dpi. Immunofluorescence assay demonstrated localized expression of Sjp40 in the immature eggs in the rabbit liver at 29 dpi, but at 45 dpi fluorescence was detected in clusters of mature eggs containing miracidium and in the surrounding egg granulomas. Conclusion The transcriptional levels of Sjp40 significantly increased with the maturation of eggs trapped in the rabbit livers. Sjp40 protein spread from the eggs to the surrounding egg granuloma at 45 dpi when acute liver granulomatous lesions occur, suggesting that Sjp40 plays a key role in egg granulomas formation in the livers of infected New Zealand white rabbits.

Objective To investigate the nutritional risks, prevalence of undernutrition, and nutritional interventions among inpatients in departments of nephrology in some hospitals in Guangzhou, with an attempt to provide evidences for the nutritional support of patients with kidney diseases. Methods Totally 378 adult patients in departments of nephrology in Guangzhou were enrolled in this study by fix-point consecutive sampling. Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) was applied for nutritional risk assessment. Nutrition risk was defined by NRS score ≥3 and undernutrition by BMI ＜ 18.5 kg/m2 or serum albumin ＜ 30 g/L. Nutritional interventions were also evaluated in all patients. The relationship between nutritional risk and nutritional support was analyzed. Results The overall prevalence of undernutrition was 21.7% and the nutritional risk was 41.3%. They were especially high among patients with chronic kidney dysfunction (24. 3% and 60. 7% , respectively). The nutritional risk was 42. 3% in patients accompanied with diabetes (P＞0. 05). Of these 378 patients, 102 (27.0%) received nutritional interventions, in which the nutritional support rate was 50. 0% (78/156) for patients with nutritional risks and 10. 8% (24/222) for those without nutritional risks. Conclusions The nutritional risks and prevalence of undernutrition are high among inpatients in the departments of nephrology in hospitals in Guangzhou. Proper application of nutritional interventions remains a concern. Evidence-based guidelines are required to improve this situation.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the costs and effectiveness of4treatment regimens for hypertension.METHODS:212cases of hypertension were randomly divided into4groups,group A treated with amlodipine,group B treated with fosino?pril,group C treated with candesartan cilexetil,and group D treated with losartan;the curative effects in each group were ob?served and cost-effectiveness analyses were made.RESULTS:The effective rate in group C was markedly higher than those in other3groups(P