[Objective]To investigate primary and secondary transfer of exfoliated cells from human hands on non-porous substrates such as plastic steering wheel or computer mouse.[Methods]DNA detection sensitivity and detection limit for mixed DNA profiling were examined to understand our laboratory's ability to test for trace DNA.Forensic swabs were used to collect samples from volunteers'one-hour-long unwashed hands,substrates touched by volunteers'immediately or 30 min following shaking hands,and individual A's daily-use substrates touched by individual B and then by individual A again.Simulations were conducted to assess the potential for introduction of another person's exfoliated cells from hands into routine casework samples.[Results]Our laboratory can obtain a full DNA profile from as little as 0.020 ng of DNA and detect minor components in a 1:9 mixed DNA sample.85%of samples from unwashed hands yielded a full DNA profile.Primary transfer of a full DNA profile was found in 77%of substrates touched by volunteers'dominant hand 30 min after hand washing,allowing differentiation between good and poor shedders,with no significant difference in genders and substrate types.75%of substrates touched 30 min after hand washing and then immediately following handshaking yielded the other individual's DNA profile(secondary transfer),with the number of short tandem repeat(STR)loci detected ranging from 0 to 23;the percentage and number decreased substantially when the substrates were touched 30 minutes later.No foreign DNA was detected in routine casework samples with introduced exfoliated cells from hands.When two individuals took turns touching items with their hands,the major contributor to the DNA profile was not always the individual who made the last contact.[Conclusions]Primary and secondary DNA transfer can be detected on non-porous substrates,and based on the deposit of hand exfoliated cells,individuals can be categorized as good or poor shedders,which is an important factor affecting detection of DNA transfer.Besides considering the laboratory's DNA detection sensitivity,if DNA is detected on substrates by hand contact,we need to take into account the potential for secondary transfer at different levels of activity when interpreting the results.

There are many validated surgical techniques for the repair and reconstruction of facial defects, such as skin grafting, free flap grafting and local flap grafting, all of which have achieved good results within their scope of application. As a local flap, the keystone design perforator island flap (KDPIF) has the advantages of easy harvest and design, abundant blood supply, and a wide range of applicability. However, this flap has not been frequently applied in facial defect reconstruction. In reviewing the literatures, the authors believe that the KDPIF is a worthy method for facial defect repair. The principles, types, surgical techniques and applications, and considerations are also summarized.

There are many validated surgical techniques for the repair and reconstruction of facial defects, such as skin grafting, free flap grafting and local flap grafting, all of which have achieved good results within their scope of application. As a local flap, the keystone design perforator island flap (KDPIF) has the advantages of easy harvest and design, abundant blood supply, and a wide range of applicability. However, this flap has not been frequently applied in facial defect reconstruction. In reviewing the literatures, the authors believe that the KDPIF is a worthy method for facial defect repair. The principles, types, surgical techniques and applications, and considerations are also summarized.

Objective:To evaluate the various wire tension belt ventral compression wiring technologiesfor treating several types of femoral greater trochanter fractures in total hip replacement, according to the different types of greater trochanter of femur fractures.Methods:From March 2013 to June 2019, a total of 1 280 cases of primary total hip arthroplasty were completed in our hospital, 21 patients with greater trochanter fractures were identified in total hip replacement. There were 11 males and 10 females with an average age of 65.81±6.45 years (range 42-76 years). All of them were unilateral. There were 11 cases on the left and 10 cases on the right. There were 11 cases of osteoarthritis secondary to hip dysplasia, 4 cases of hip osteoarthritis, 4 cases of aseptic necrosis of femoral head and 2 cases of femoral neck fracture. Different wire tension belt ventral compression wiring technologies were used for each fracture type. Harris hip function score, Parker activity score, and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of hip pain were evaluated during follow-up. X-ray films were taken to evaluate the fracture healing, prosthesis position, loosening and dislocation.Results:Three new fracture types were proposed: A transverse fracture from the greater trochanter tip to the base (4 cases); B oblique fracture from the greater trochanter tip to the base (according to the fracture line direction, type B was further divided into types B1 (4 cases) and B2 (6 cases); and C fracture line from the greater trochanter to subtrochanteric plane (7 cases). Among the 21 patients, one died at an early stage, two were lost during follow-up, and 18 were followed up for an average of 30.7±7.6 months. In 18 patients, the mean operation time was 110.0±20.0 min, and the mean intraoperative blood loss was 356.9±115.7 ml. The patients' Harris score was 35.26±5.52 at the preoperative, 65.7±6.42 at the 3 months after operation, and 87.75±6.21 at the final follow-up. The difference was statistically significant ( F=377.23, P<0.001). The patients' Parker score was 2.17±0.98 at the preoperative, 5.94±1.11 at the 3 months after operation,and 8.01±0.77 at the final follow-up. The difference was statistically significant ( F=170.96, P<0.001). The patients' VAS score was 6.22±1.11 at the preoperative, 2.61±0.92 at the 3 months after operation, and 1.28±0.67 at the final follow-up. The difference was statistically significant ( F=139.71, P<0.001). Deep vein embolism, heterotopic ossification was noted in one and another patient, respectively. The patient with non-union refused reoperation and had a broken steel wire, lower-limb limp, and no notable pain at the 12-month follow-up examination. Radiographs of 17 patients showed good location of the femoral prosthesis and no chronic pain. Conclusion:Different types of greater trochanter fractures in total hip arthroplasty were proposed, using different wire tension belt ventral compression wiring technologies for the various types of femoral greater trochanter fractures during total hip replacement can improve clinical outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the expressions of TRIM25 and RIG-Ⅰ in liver cancer tissues and their relationship with the prognosis of patients.Methods:The data of 82 patients with liver cancer who were admitted to the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2017 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and their cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue (>5 cm from the edge of the tumor) specimens were collected. The protein expressions of TRIM25 and RIG-Ⅰ in cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between TRIM25 and RIG-Ⅰ expressions in cancer tissues of patients and clinicopathological features was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival (OS) of patients with different TRIM25 and RIG-Ⅰ expression status.Results:The positive rate of TRIM25 in cancer tissues was higher than that in paracancerous tissues [68.29% (56/82) vs. 21.95% (18/82), P < 0.001], and the positive rate of RIG-Ⅰ in cancer tissues was lower than that in paracancerous tissues [31.71% (26/82) vs. 74.39% (61/82), P < 0.001]. The positive rate of TRIM25 in cancer tissues of poorly differentiated patients was higher than that of highly and moderately differentiated patients ( P < 0.05), and the positive rate of RIG-Ⅰ was lower than that of highly and moderately differentiated patients ( P < 0.05). The positive rate of TRIM25 in cancer tissues of patients with extrahepatic metastasis was higher than that of patients without extrahepatic metastasis ( P < 0.05), but the positive rate of RIG-Ⅰ was lower than that of patients without extrahepatic metastasis ( P < 0.05). The positive rate of TRIM25 in patients with clinical Ⅲ-Ⅳ was higher than that in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ ( P < 0.05), but the positive rate of RIG-Ⅰ was lower than that in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ ( P < 0.05). The median follow-up time was 27 months (4-48 months), 2 patients were lost to follow-up. At the end of follow-up in January 2022, the overall survival rate was 43.75% (35/80). The survival rates of patients with TRIM25-positive and TRIM25-negative cancer tissues were 33.33% (18/54) and 65.38% (17/26), respectively. The survival rates of patients with RIG-Ⅰ-positive and RIG-Ⅰ-negative cancer tissues were 64.00% (16/25) and 34.55% (19/55), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the OS of patients with TRIM25-negative cancer tissues was better than that of patients with TRIM25-positive cancer tissues, and the OS of patients with RIG-Ⅰ-positive cancer tissues was better than that of patients with TRIM25-negative cancer tissues, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.05). Conclusions:The expression of TRIM25 is increased and the expression of RIG-Ⅰ is decreased in liver cancer tissues. The expressions of TRIM25 and RIG-Ⅰ in liver cancer tissues are associated with prognosis.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced coagulopathy has increasingly been recognized as a significant risk factor for poor outcomes, but the pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the causal role of acrolein, a typical lipid peroxidation product, in TBI-induced coagulopathy, and further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that the level of plasma acrolein in TBI patients suffering from coagulopathy was higher than that in those without coagulopathy. Using a controlled cortical impact mouse model, we demonstrated that the acrolein scavenger phenelzine prevented TBI-induced coagulopathy and recombinant ADAMTS-13 prevented acrolein-induced coagulopathy by cleaving von Willebrand factor (VWF). Our results showed that acrolein may contribute to an early hypercoagulable state after TBI by regulating VWF secretion. mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) and transcriptome analysis indicated that acrolein over-activated autophagy, and subsequent experiments revealed that acrolein activated autophagy partly by regulating the Akt/mTOR pathway. In addition, we demonstrated that acrolein was produced in the perilesional cortex, affected endothelial cell integrity, and disrupted the blood-brain barrier. In conclusion, in this study we uncovered a novel pro-coagulant effect of acrolein that may contribute to TBI-induced coagulopathy and vascular leakage, providing an alternative therapeutic target.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers the activation of the endogenous coagulation mechanism, and a large amount of thrombin is released to curb uncontrollable bleeding through thrombin receptors, also known as protease-activated receptors (PARs). However, thrombin is one of the most critical factors in secondary brain injury. Thus, the PARs may be effective targets against hemorrhagic brain injury. Since the PAR1 antagonist has an increased bleeding risk in clinical practice, PAR4 blockade has been suggested as a more promising treatment. Here, we explored the expression pattern of PAR4 in the brain of mice after TBI, and explored the effect and possible mechanism of BMS-986120 (BMS), a novel selective and reversible PAR4 antagonist on secondary brain injury. Treatment with BMS protected against TBI in mice. mRNA-seq analysis, Western blot, and qRT-PCR verification in vitro showed that BMS significantly inhibited thrombin-induced inflammation in astrocytes, and suggested that the Tab2/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway plays a key role in this process. Our findings provide reliable evidence that blocking PAR4 is a safe and effective intervention for TBI, and suggest that BMS has a potential clinical application in the management of TBI.

Clinical advances in the treatment of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are restricted by the incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to secondary brain injury. Acrolein is a highly active unsaturated aldehyde which has been implicated in many nervous system diseases. Our results indicated a significant increase in the level of acrolein after ICH in mouse brain. In primary neurons, acrolein induced an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, generation of reactive oxidative species, and release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. Mechanistically, acrolein facilitated the translocation of dynamin-related protein1 (Drp1) from the cytoplasm onto the mitochondrial membrane and led to excessive mitochondrial fission. Further studies found that treatment with hydralazine (an acrolein scavenger) significantly reversed Drp1 translocation and the morphological damage of mitochondria after ICH. In parallel, the neural apoptosis, brain edema, and neurological functional deficits induced by ICH were also remarkably alleviated. In conclusion, our results identify acrolein as an important contributor to the secondary brain injury following ICH. Meanwhile, we uncovered a novel mechanism by which Drp1-mediated mitochondrial oxidative damage is involved in acrolein-induced brain injury.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect of Halo-vest head ring in the treatment of replantation of total scalp avulsion.

METHODSWe treated 11 cases of total scalp avulsion with the anastomosis of arteriovenous vessels and Halo-vest head ring from December 2006 to February 2015.

RESULTSOne patient's replanted scalp got necrosis because of serious contusion which was healed without hair growth after free skin graft and dressing. All the scalp flaps in the other 10 patients survived. After 3-96 months follow-up, the wound completely healed, the scalp and hair grew well with satisfactory appearance.

CONCLUSIONSThe use of Halo-vest head ring for replantation of total scalp avulsion can effectively improve the survival rate and survival area.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Bandages ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Lacerations ; surgery ; Necrosis ; etiology ; Prostheses and Implants ; Replantation ; methods ; Scalp ; injuries ; pathology ; surgery ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo investigate the polymorphism in the promoter region of PCA3 gene and its relationship with risk of prostate cancer (PCa).

METHODSThe promoter region of PCA3 gene of the DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by sequence analysis in the 186 PCa and 141 BPH patients and 135 healthy control individuals. If the samples were detected with polymorphism of insection/deletion, clone sequence analysis was used with pBS-T carrier to verify it.

RESULTSThere were 5 polymorphisms. TAAA repeat times: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 8 genotypes (TAAA 4/5, TAAA 4/6, TAAA 5/5, TAAA 5/6, TAAA 5/7, TAAA 5/8, TAAA 6/6, and TAAA 6/7) were detected in the promoter region of PCA3 gene. The eight genotypes were divided into three groups: ≤10TAAA, 11TAAA, ≥12TAAA. Unconditional logistic regression analysis models were used to analyze the relationship between different genotypes and cancer risks adjusted by sex and age. The type 11TAAA and ≥12TAAA was associated with higher relative risk for prostate cancer than the group ≤10TAAA [OR=1.74, 95% CI=1.06-2.87 (for type 11TAAA); OR=5.63, 95% CI=1.85-17.19 (for type ≥12TAAA)]. In the 186 PCa patients, there was 62.4% allele of PCA3 gene with AG/CA mutation found in the promoter 18-19 bp region of PCA3 gene and it had a close relation with the development of prostate cancer.

CONCLUSIONSShort tandem repeats are found in the promoter region of the PCA3 gene in PCa patients, and the increase of TAAA repeat sequences highly enhance the relative risk of prostate cancer development. The occurrence of such STR might be related to the mutations in their upstream loci.

Antigens, Neoplasm ; genetics ; metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Genes, Neoplasm ; physiology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Risk