Ulcerative colitis （UC） is one of the chronic refractory inflammatory bowel diseases characterized by abdominal pain， diarrhea， and mucus， pus and blood in the stool. In recent years， with changes in human life style and improvements of the diagnosis， the incidence and prevalence of UC have been increasing. The pathogenesis of UC is closely related to intestinal mucosal immune dysfunction， intestinal flora disturbance， and abnormal bile acid secretion. Patients with UC have abnormal bile acid secretion and intestinal flora imbalance. A large number of studies have found that abnormal bile acid secretion inhibits immune function， affects signal transduction， and destroys the intestinal mucosal barrier. Intestinal flora disturbance has an important impact on the occurrence and development of inflammation， immune homeostasis， and stress. Bile acids indirectly or directly affect the structure and function of intestinal flora， and at the same time， they produce secondary bile acids under the modification of intestinal flora， entering the liver through enterohepatic circulation. Therefore， the complex dialogue mechanism of bile acid-intestinal flora axis is closely related to the occurrence and development of UC. Based on the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） and clinical research， it is found that emotion is an important factor that induces this disease， spleen and stomach weakness is the root of the disease， and liver depression and spleen deficiency are the key pathogenesis of UC. Combined with modern medicine and molecular biology research， it is believed that abnormal secretion of bile acids is a microscopic manifestation of liver depression in TCM， and intestinal flora disturbance is the biological basis of spleen deficiency. In the pathogenesis of UC， the imbalanced bile acid-intestinal flora axis is consistent with the pathogenesis of liver depression and spleen in TCM. The exploration of the biological connotation of the pathogenesis of UC with liver depression and spleen deficiency from the perspective of bile acid-intestinal flora axis can better explain the scientific nature of its pathogenesis， which provides new clinical solutions and reliable references for studying the pathogenesis of UC with liver depression and spleen deficiency and finding representative prescriptions to prevent and treat this disease.

Objective:To understand the mediating role of resourcefulness between perceived stress and depression in primary caregivers of stroke patients.Methods:The primary caregivers of 311 inpatients with stroke in three Class Ⅲ Grade A hospitals in Yinchuan from December 2020 to August 2021 were selected by convenience sampling and investigated with the general information form, Resourcefulness Scale (RS) , Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) . SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS were used to analyze the relationship between the three, and to explore the mediating role of resourcefulness between perceived stress and depression in the primary caregivers of stroke patients.Results:In this study, 311 questionnaires were distributed, 311 questionnaires were recovered, and 308 questionnaires were valid. The primary caregivers of stroke patients scored (24.98±6.38) for perceived stress, (83.98±12.85) for resourcefulness, and (44.35±8.40) for depression. Resourcefulness was negatively correlated with perceived stress and depression scores ( r=-0.313, -0.317; P <0.01) , and perceived stress was positively correlated with depression ( r=0.425, P<0.01) . The Bootstrap method further validated that resourcefulness played a partial mediating role between perceived stress and depression, and the mediating effect accounted for 14.95% of the total effect. Conclusions:Resourcefulness is a mediating variable between the perceived stress and depression of the primary caregivers of stroke patients, and resourcefulness plays a partial mediating role between perceived stress and depression.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the practical and health economical values of non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) in Changsha Municipal Public Welfare Program. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out on 149 165 women undergoing NIPT test from April 9, 2018 to December 31, 2019. For pregnant women with high risks, invasive prenatal diagnosis and follow-up of pregnancy outcome were conducted. The cost-benefit of NIPT for Down syndrome was analyzed. RESULTS: NIPT was carried out for 149 165 pregnant women and succeeded in 148 749 cases (99.72%), for which outcome were available in 148 538 (99.86%). 90% of pregnant women from the region accepted the screening with NIPT. 415 (0.27%) were diagnosed as high risk. Among these, 381 (91.81%) accepted amniocentesis, which led to the diagnosis of 212 cases of trisomy 21 (PPV=85.14%), 41 cases with trisomy 18 (PPV=48.81%) and 10 cases with trisomy 13 (PPV=20.83%). The sensitivity and specificity of NIPT for trisomy 21, trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 were (97.70%, 99.98%), (97.62%, 9.97%) and (100%, 99.97%), respectively. In addition, 213 and 30 cases were diagnosed with sex chromosomal aneuploidies (PPV=46.2%) and other autosomal anomalies (PPV=16.57%), respectively. For Down syndrome screening, the cost and benefit of the project was 120.79 million yuan and 1,056.95 million yuan, respectively. The cost-benefit ratio was 1: 8.75, and safety index was 0.0035. CONCLUSION NIPT is a highly accurate screening test for trisomy 21, which was followed by trisomy 18 and sex chromosomal aneuploidies, while it was less accurate for other autosomal aneuploidies. The application of NIPT screening has a high health economical value.
Aneuploidy ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Noninvasive Prenatal Testing ; Pregnancy ; Retrospective Studies ; Trisomy 18 Syndrome/genetics*

ObjectiveTo explore the difference of learning and memory function between permanent cerebral ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion rat models by filament-occluded method after three weeks of natural recovery, and to observe the changes of brain structure. MethodsA total of 21 SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (n = 7), permanent ischemia group (n = 7) and ischemia-reperfusion group (n = 7). The latter two group underwent left middle cerebral artery occlusion, and the ischemia-reperfusion group was reperfused after 90 minutes of ischemia. All the rats were tested with Morris Water Maze 16 to 22 days after modeling, to record escape latency in the navigation experiment, as well as first latency, platform quadrant swimming time ratio and distance ratio, boundary swimming time ratio and distance ratio, average speed, and the swimming path in the space exploration experiment. On the 22nd day after modeling, four rats with similar Longa scores in each group were scanned by magnetic resonance by diffusion tensor imaging, to measure the fractional anisotropy (FA) of cerebral ischemic cortex, striatum, hippocampus and their corresponding contralateral regions, to calculate ratio of FA (rFA); as well as the volume of infarct (VI) and ratio of VI (rVI). ResultsFor navigation experiment, the escape latency decreased in all the groups with the time (F = 36.202, P < 0.001), but it was not significant for the permanent ischemia group (F = 4.004, P > 0.05). The escape latency was longer in the permanent ischemia group than in the other two groups at each time points (P < 0.05). For space exploration experiment, the boundary time ratio and distance ratio were more in the permanent ischemia group and the ischemia-reperfusion group than in the sham group (P < 0.017), and the first latency was longer in the permanent ischemia group than in the sham group (P < 0.017). The swimming path of ischemia-reperfusion group and sham operation group was better than that of the permanent ischemia group. FA and rFA in left cortex and striatum were less in the permanent ischemia group and the ischemia-reperfusion group than in the sham group (P < 0.05), while FA and rFA of left cortex and FA of left striatum were less in the permanent ischemia group than in the ischemia-reperfusion group (P < 0.05). The VI and rVI were larger in the permanent ischemia group than in the ischemia-reperfusion group (t > 4.185, P < 0.01). FA and rFA of left cortex and striatum correlated with escape latency, boundary time ratio and distance ratio (|r| > 0.498, P < 0.05). The VI and rVI correlated with escape latency and boundary time ratio (|r| > 0.538, P < 0.05). ConclusionCognitive impairment is more severe in the rat model of permanent cerebral ischemia, which may relate to the larger damage of structure of nerve fibers in ischemic cortex and striatum, and larger infarct size.

【Objective】 To analyze the genetic background of RhD-negative blood donors by detecting RHD and RHCE genes of those donors. 【Methods】 From March 2021 to May 2022, the blood samples of RhD-negative blood donors, who had been screened out by RhD primary screening and confirmatory experiments in the Yaan Blood Center, were firstly identified whether the RHD allele was completely deleted, then whether there were deletions in 10 exons of non-RHD allele complete deletion samples, finally, the remaining samples without RHD alleles and exon deletions were further analyzed by DNA sequencing. RHCE gene was detected by SSP-PCR method. 【Results】 Among the RHD gene test results of 104 RhD-negative samples, 65 cases were completely deleted (d/d), 33 were RHD partially deleted (one allele deletion), and 6 were without RHD gene deletion. The RHD alleles of 33 samples with partial deletion were detected by 10 exons, 13 had partial exon deletion, with genotype as RHD^*D-CE(3-9)-D/d and phenotype as RhD negativity, and the remaining 20 samples had no exon deletion. The exon sequencing results of the non-deletion samples showed RHD^*1227A/RHD^*1227A in 6 samples, RHD^*1227A/d in 19, RHD^*3A/d in 1; both of the last two were considered D^el by ISBT. The RHCE gene test results showed that all cc genotype blood donors were RhD true negative, while D^el blood donors had no cc genotype. 【Conclusion】 Through the genetic background study of RhD negative blood donors, it is found that there is a high proportion of D^el with weak expression of RhD antigen, whether this blood type affects clinical blood safety needs further researches.

Rehabilitation physician training is an important part of the development of rehabilitation medicine.Rehabilitation physician education in Taiwan has a complete and standardized training system,and rehabilitation physician training in mainland China is mainly achieved through standardized residency training.This article compares the differences in training processes for rehabilitation physicians in education in medical colleges and universities,residency training,and specialist training between Taiwan and mainland China.The results show that rehabilitation physician training in Taiwan is rigorous and orderly,with reasonable contents,clear objectives,strong specialty,and standardized assessment,while in mainland China,rehabilitation physicians in mainland China have insufficient training time,and there is a lack of detailed training plan and unified assessment standards.Rehabilitation physician training in mainland China needs to learn from advanced experience,further reform the training process,improve the operability of the overall education program,and perfect the training system of rehabilitation physicians.

Objective To explore the rehabilitation and outcome of motor neuron syndrome and Sjögren's syndrome. Methods A patient with motor neuron syndrome and Sjögren's syndrome was reviewed. Results The patient expressed progressive quadriparesis and slurred speech. Electromyogramphy displayed upper and lower motor neuron damage. Sonography showed diffuse lesions in parotid gland and submandibular gland. Laboratory tests displayed markedly elevated levels of SSA and Ro52 antibodies. After a course of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and four weeks of comprehensive rehabilitation, the patient improved in terms of speech, muscle strength, balance, posture control and activities of daily living. She failed to achieve further improvement after another IVIG and glucocorticoid two months later, but fortunately her symptoms did not deteriorate. Conclusion The patient with motor neuron syndrome and Sjögren's syndrome might benefit from IVIG and appropriate rehabilitation.

There are many ways to prepare middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. The focal cerebral ischemia model es-tablished by the suture-occluded method is widely accepted as an ideal focal cerebral ischemia model, which can be used in the basic and clinical study of cerebral vascular diseases. However, it still has the defects of high technical requirement, large model difference and high animal mortality. A variety of focal cerebral ischemia models were established by changing the retention time of the thread, the road the thread plugging into, the type of thread bolt and the depth of the thread plugging. This article compared different suture-occluded method, as well as the suture-occluded method to other modeling methods, different cerebral ischemia models may be different in the pathophysiology of cerebral infarction, and the effects may also be different.

Objective To explore the effect of exercise training on learning and memory ability in rats with focal cerebral ischemia, and to analyze the changes of brain tissue structure of rats after exercise training through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods Twenty-four SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=8), natural recovery group (n=8) and exercise training group (n=8). The left middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established. The exercise training group received running wheel training 24 hours after modeling, for 14 days. All groups were tested by the Morris water maze 15 days after modeling. The latency in the navigation experiment, as well as the first latency, boundary swimming time ratio, the boundary swimming distance ratio, the average speed and the swimming path in the space exploration experiment were recorded. Four rats with similar Longa scores in each group received rou-tine magnetic resonance imaging and DTI scanning, the fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (λ‖), and radial diffusivity (λ⊥) of isch-emic cortex and hippocampal lesion and contralateral side were measured. Results In the navigation experiment, the latency of three groups showed a downward trend along with training days (P<0.05). The latency was longer in all the time points in the natural recovery group than in the sham operation group (P<0.05), and was longer in the first three days in the exercise training group than in the sham operation group (P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference between them in the last two days (P>0.05), while it was shorter in the exercise train-ing group than in the natural recovery group in the same time (P<0.05). In the space exploration experiment, the latency, the boundary swim-ming time ratio and the boundary swimming distance ratio were more in the natural recovery group than in the sham operation group (Z>2.627, P<0.01), and the latter two indexes were also higher in the natural recovery group than in the exercise training group (Z>2.521, P<0.05). No significant difference was found in the average speed among three groups (P>0.05). The swimming paths in the exercise training group and the sham operation group were better than that of the natural recovery group. The FA and rFA in the left cortical area were higher in the sham operation group than in the exercise training group and the natural recovery group (P<0.05), however, no significant difference was found between the exercise training group and the natural recovery group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the FA in the right cortical area among three groups (F=0.532, P=0.607). Theλ⊥,λ‖, rλ‖and rλ⊥in the left cortical area were lower in the sham opera-tion group than in the natural recovery group (P<0.05), and no significant difference was found from the exercise training group to the natu-ral recovery group, nor to the sham operation group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in theλ⊥andλ‖in the right cortical area among three groups (F<1.030, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the FA,λ⊥,λ‖and rFA, rλ⊥and rλ‖in the bilateral hippo-campal interest area among three groups (F<1.845, P>0.05). The rFA, rλ‖, rλ⊥and leftλ⊥ were correlated with the latency in the space ex-ploration experiment in the Morris water maze test (P<0.05), in which the correlation coefficient of rλ⊥was the highest (r=0.761, P<0.01). Conclusion Proper exercise training can improve the learning and memory ability of rats with focal cerebral ischemia, and can promote the repair of nerve fiber damage and reduce the vascular edema. In addition, the rFA, rλ‖, rλ⊥andλ⊥of ischemic cortex may be predictors of cognitive function recovery in rats after focal cerebral ischemia, especially rλ⊥.

Objective To explore the effects of early exercise on motor function and the mechanism in rats after focal cerebral ischemia. Methods 21 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into control group (n=7), natural recovery group (n=7) and exercise training group (n=7), and the latter 2 groups were modeled with middle cerebral artery occlusion. The exercise training group received wheel running exercise 24 hours after modeling for 14 days. They were assessed with Rogers score and beam balance test 21 days after modeling. 4 rats in each group received routine MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scanning. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of ischemic (L) and contralateral side (R) were measured, and the rate of them (L/R, r) was calculated. Results There was significant difference in Rogers score among the groups (Z=-0.786, P<0.001), but no significant difference between the natural recovery group and the exercise training group (P>0.05). Beam balance score of the natural recovery group was significantly different from the control group and the exercise training group (F=38.11, P<0.001), but there was no significant difference between the latters (P>0.05). The LFA of the natural recovery group was significantly different from the control group (P<0.05), but not significantly different from the exercise training group (P>0.05);while the rFA of the natural recovery group was significantly different from the control group and the exercise training group (F=19.30, P<0.05). LADC and rADC might be different between the control group and the natural recovery group (P=0.056, P=0.057), but not significantly different between the natural recovery group and the exercise training group (P>0.05). LFA and rFA strongly correlated with all the behavior scores (r=-0.90--0.70, P<0.01); while LADC and rADC moderately correlated with the behavior scores (r=0.50-0.75, P<0.05), except balance (P>0.05). DTT showed that the direction and density of neural fibers were significantly asymmetrical in the natural re-covery group and the exercise training group, and more symmetrical in the exercise training group. Conclusion Early exercise can promote the neural functional recovery in rats after focal cerebral ischemia, which may associate with the improve of conduction of fibers.