Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

Objective:To observe whether 10.6 μm infrared laser moxibustion provides greater pain and stiffness relief and improves joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA)compared with sham laser moxibustion. Methods:A total of 178 patients with KOA were randomly divided into a CO2 laser moxibustion group and a sham laser moxibustion group by block randomization method.Patients in the two groups received 10.6 μm infrared laser moxibustion or sham laser moxibustion treatment symmetrically at bilateral Dubi(ST35),respectively.Patients in both groups received 20 min of treatment,3 times per week for 4 weeks.Treatment effects were assessed by changes in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index(WOMAC)before treatment,at mid-treatment(2 weeks),at the end of treatment(4 weeks),and 4 weeks after treatment.Completion time for walking 50 yards was evaluated as a secondary measurement. Results:There were no statistical differences in the WOMAC scores for pain,stiffness,and function between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).Patients in the CO2 laser moxibustion group experienced greater improvement in WOMAC pain,stiffness,and function scores at mid-treatment,the end of treatment,and 4 weeks after treatment(P<0.05).No significant inter-group difference was found at each assessment of the 50-yard walking time(P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with the sham laser moxibustion,10.6 μm laser moxibustion can significantly reduce pain and improve knee joint stiffness and function in patients with KOA.

This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the existing pure tone audiometers, and proposes a system to realize pure tone audiometry and speech audiometry with a new DSP processor. The pure tone test signal produced by the system has accurate frequency, high signal-to-noise ratio, and small harmonic distortion. The noise generator that comes with DSP adds a band-pass filter to realize the generation of narrow-band noise. At the same time, due to the modular structure of software design, the system has good ease of use and scalability. The test results show that the hearing test system has excellent performance and can be better used in hearing medical diagnosis.
Audiometry, Pure-Tone/methods* ; Hearing ; Noise ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio

Objective To evaluate the safety of a Chinese thimerosal-free trivalent split influenza virus vaccine after being marketed in a large population. Methods Through the information management system of adverse event following immunization (AEFI), the adverse events in healthy people aged 6 months and above who were vaccinated with split influenza virus vaccine in Hubei Province from October to December 2015 were collected. The data was analyzed by descriptive methodology. Results From October 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016, among the 227 920 people in Hubei Province who were vaccinated with split influenza virus vaccine, the common adverse reactions were mainly fever, redness, irritability, pain and itching. Four cases of AEFI were passively observed and reported in the system, with a reporting rate of 1.76/100 000, among which 3 cases were anaphylactic rash and 1 case was optic neuritis. Conclusion The Chinese thimerosal-free trivalent split influenza virus vaccine used in Hubei Province had a good safety record and is suitable for the general vaccination of people without vaccination contraindications.

Objective: To explore the regulatory mechanism of E2F1 transcription factor on M2 macrophages in full-thickness skin defect wounds of mice. Methods: E2F1 gene knockout heterozygotes C57BL/6 mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were introduced and self-reproduced. Two weeks after birth, E2F1 gene knockout homozygotes mice and wild-type mice were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Twelve identified 6-8 weeks old male E2F1 gene knockout homozygotes C57BL/6 mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were selected respectively according to the random number table and set as E2F1 gene knockout group and wild-type group. A full-thickness skin defect wound was made on the back of each mouse. On post injury day (PID) 2 and 7, 6 mice in each group were selected according to the random number table and sacrificed, and the wound tissue was excised. The expression of CD68 and CD206 double positive M2 macrophages was observed by immunofluorescence method, and the percentage of CD206 positive cells was calculated. The protein expression of CD206 was detected by Western blotting. The mRNA expression of arginase 1 was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Wound tissue specimens of the two groups on PID 7 were obtained, and the protein and mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) were detected by Western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR respectively. The above-mentioned experiments were repeated four times. Three specimens of wound tissue of mice in wild-type group on PID 7 were obtained to detect the relationship between E2F1 and PPAR-γ by co-immunoprecipitation and Western blotting, and this experiment was repeated two times. Data were processed with unpaired t test. Results: The size of PCR products of E2F1 gene knockout homozygotes C57BL/6 mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were 227 and 172 bp respectively, which were the same as those of the designed DNA fragments. On PID 2 and 7, the number of CD68 and CD206 double positive M2 macrophages in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group was more than that of wild-type group, and the percentages of CD206 positive cells in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group were (0.234±0.032)% and (0.584±0.023)% respectively, which were significantly higher than (0.129±0.017)% and (0.282±0.071)% of wild-type group (t=3.29, 3.54, P<0.05). On PID 2 and 7, the protein expression of CD206 in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group were 1.00±0.23 and 1.63±0.26 respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.43±0.06 and 0.97±0.08 of wild-type group (t=2.41, 2.45, P<0.05). On PID 2 and 7, the mRNA expressions of arginase 1 in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group were 0.482±0.105 and 0.195±0.031 respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.163±0.026 and 0.108±0.017 of wild-type group (t=3.04, 2.86, P<0.05). On PID 7, the protein and mRNA expressions of PPAR-γ in the wound tissue of mice in E2F1 gene knockout group were 0.61±0.12 and 0.51±0.13 respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.20±0.04 and 0.20±0.04 of wild-type group (t=3.36, 2.86, P<0.05). On PID 7, detection of the wound tissue of mice in wild-type group showed that PPAR-γ had unidirectional effect on E2F1. Conclusions E2F1 transcription factor affects the polarization of M2 macrophages by inhibiting the expression of PPAR-γ, thereby inhibiting the healing process of full-thickness skin defect wounds in mice.

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference in the manual measurement of Fengshi (GB 31) between the standing position and the supine position so as to determine the location.

METHODSA total of 197 volunteers were included in the manual measurement of Fengshi (GB 31) at the standing position and 92 volunteers at the supine position. The differences were compared between the two measurements.

RESULTSThe results in the manual measurement at the standing position showed that the distance was (39.27±3.83) cm from the greater trochanter of femur to the popliteal transverse crease [(39.96±4.21) cm in males, (38.82±3.49) cm in females, < 0.05]. The distance was (19.08±2.97) cm from the tip of the middle finger to the popliteal transverse crease [(18.96±3.50) cm in males, (19.16±2.58) cm in females]. After calculating according to the formula of proportional bone measurement, Fengshi (GB 31) was located (9.28±1.44) above the popliteal transverse crease [(9.07±1.64) in males, (9.42±1.29) in females]. The results in the manual measurement at the supine position showed that the distance was (41.89±3.88) cm from the greater trochanter of femur to the popliteal transverse crease [(42.36±3.88) cm in males, (41.67±3.89) cm in females]. The distance was (23.01±3.37) cm from the tip of the middle finger to the popliteal transverse crease [(22.50±3.73) cm in males, (23.25±3.20) cm in females]. After calculated according to the formula of proportional bone measurement, Fengshi (GB 31) was located (10.51±1.69) above the popliteal transverse crease [(10.16±1.75) in males, (10.67±1.63) in females].

CONCLUSIONFengshi (GB 31) is located on the femoral region, in the depression under the tip of the middle finger at the standing position. The simple localization of the acupoint at the supine position: at the supine, the palm touches the middle of the lateral side of the thigh, about 1 directly below the depression under the tip of the middle finger. The location of Fengshi (GB 31) in female is slightly upper than male.

Acupuncture Points ; Female ; Femur ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Male ; Meridians ; Posture ; Reference Standards ; Thigh ; anatomy & histology

Objective To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a split-virion influenza vac-cine after its manufacturing process was improved. Methods The immunological non-inferiority of trial to control vaccines was evaluated in 240 subjects aged 3-<18 years. Another 360 subjects aged 18-<60 years were randomly divided into three groups that were respectively given three consecutive lots of trail vaccine to assess the consistency of immunogenicity. Results There were 4. 17% of the subjects aged 3-<18 years showed adverse reactions following immunization with trail vaccine and it was not significantly different from that of the control group (P>0. 05). No significant difference in seroconversion rate, geometric mean titer (GMT) of haemagglutination inhibition antibodies(HIAb) or protection rate was found between trial and control groups (P>0. 05). No significant difference in seroconversion rate or HIAb GMT was found among the three lots (P>0. 05). Conclusion The trial influenza vaccine has good safety, immunogenicity and lot-to-lot consistency after the manufacturing process was improved.

In the paper, the study was reviewed on the infrared temperature characteristics of acupoints in recent 10 years. CNKI, WANFANG, VIP, SciVerse ScienceDirect and Springer databases were retrieved, with"infrared thermal imaging" and "acupoint" as the key words. The retrieving time was from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016. Totally, 468 relevant papers were searched and 169 papers of them were read carefully on acupoint infrared temperature. In terms of physiological condition, pathological condition and the stimulation methods such as acupuncture, moxibustion,, embedding therapy and cupping therapy, the general situation was reviewed on the infrared temperature characteristics of acupoints separately. It was found that the study on infrared temperature characteristics of acupoints in physiological condition was limited and the characteristics discovered were not enough to systematically review the physiological and physical properties of acupoints. The study in terms of the pathological condition objectively reflected the effects and rules of diseases. It was showed in the study of acupoint infrared temperature characteristics after stimulation that the changes of infrared thermal imaging tempe-rature at some specific region induced by different therapies and parameters might be used to deduce the potential mechanism and optimal parameters or schemes of intervention method and contributed to the formation and deve-lopment of quantitative diagnosis and treatment. The authors believe that the study on infrared temperature characteristics of acupoint provides the active significance in the exploration on the physiological and physical characteristics of acupoint, the effects and rules of diseases as well as the quantitative diagnosis and treatment.

TheMeridian and Acupoint Science is a basic course in the major of acupuncture-moxibustion and tuina. We applied target-guided teaching method in teaching this course to evoke student's interest in studyingMeridian and Acupoint Science through initiative guidance, and boost student's initiative and enthusiasm by exhibiting the teaching targets. During the practice, we emphasized the specification of each unit target, around which we adopted various methods; meanwhile, we also focused on prompt evaluation, based on which necessary adjustments would be made to approach the targets. Teachers should act as guider, maintainer and promoter in class, rather than transmitter, to help students to study positively rather than passively listen. Via this kind of teaching reform, students not only obtained knowledge, but also enhanced their capability and feelings.

Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chaperonin 60 ; metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sirtuin 3 ; genetics ; metabolism