Objective:To systematically review the predictive model for de novo stress urinary incontinence (de novo SUI) after pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery, with the aim of providing reference for preventing the occurrence of de novo SUI.Methods:Literature on the prediction model of de novo SUI after POP surgery was electronically retrieved in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, and VIP. The search period was from the establishment of the database to December 31, 2023, and the language was limited to Chinese and English. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted data, and used the prediction model risk of bias assessment tool (PROBAST) to evaluate the quality of the models.Results:A total of 13 articles were included, including 13 de novo SUI risk prediction models. One literature was a prospective study, one literature was a secondary analysis of data, and the rest were retrospective studies. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve in nine models ranged from 0.595 to 0.842, and the C-index of three models ranged from 0.710 to 0.738. Five models were not validated or only internally validated after construction. Six models were validated in one external population. The predictive performance of one model was validated in six external populations. The overall applicability of the 13 prediction models was good, but there was a certain risk of bias in all of them. Conclusions:There is a significant difference in the predictive performance of the de novo SUI risk prediction model after POP surgery, and the number is relatively small, indicating that it is still in the development stage. Future research should continuously optimize existing models and conduct external validation, and construct predictive models suitable for postoperative de novo SUI in POP patients in China.

Objective To determine the effect of trunk motion control on knee biomechanics during single-leg landing. Methods Twenty male healthy basketball players were recruited. The kinematics, kinetics parameters and surface electromyogram (EMG) of knee joints under trunk motion control during single-leg landing were studied by using Vicon motion Analysis system, Kistler force platform and Noraxon surface EMG system. Results Compared with natural landing, there were significant differences in flexion angle at initial contact moment, peak flexion angle and peak flexion moment during deeply inspiratory landing and landing with a stick, and a significantly larger flexion angle at initial contact moment, a larger peak flexion angle and smaller peak flexion moment were also found. Compared with natural landing, there was no statistical difference in peak valgus angle and peak valgus moment, as well as EMG activity of hamstrings, quadriceps muscles of the knee during deeply inspiratory landing and landing with a stick. Conclusions Deeply inspiratory landing or landing with a stick reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, and the results provide the theoretical basis for prevention of ACL injuries in basketball players during landing.

Objective:To construct the pET30a-EgG1Y162-2 prokaryotic expression plasmid and induce the expression of EgG1Y162-2 protein, so as to provide a research basis for development of Echinococcus granulosus vaccine. Methods:Using Echinococcus granulosus cDNA as a template, the target gene of EgG1Y162-2 was synthesized by PCR, and after digestion with restriction enzymes EcoRⅠ and Hind Ⅲ, it was connected to the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a to construct the recombinant plasmid pET30a-EgG1Y162-2. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into competent cell BL21 (DE3) and induced by isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) to express a large number of proteins. The recombinant protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The purification level was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the expression product was identified by Western blotting. Results:The recombinant plasmid pET30a-EgG1Y162-2 was successfully constructed. After inducting expression, the bacterial supernatant and the eluate were both at a relative molecular weight of about 15 × 10 3, and the protein antigen component eluted with 200 mmol/L imidazole was relatively pure. Western blotting results showed that the purified recombinant protein EgG1Y162-2 with His tag could be recognized by His monoclonal antibody. Conclusion:The pET30a-EgG1Y162-2 prokaryotic expression plasmid of Echinococcus granulosus is successfully constructed, and the recombinant protein of EgG1Y162-2 is induced to express, laying a foundation for further study on anti- Echinococcus granulosus vaccine.

Objective To study the effect of ankle taping (restriction of ankle varus and plantar flexion) on biomechanical characteristics of the knee during drop landing on the dominant leg. Methods Eighteen amateur athletes performed the dominant-legged drop landing under two different ankle conditions (with or without taping). Vicon three-dimensional (3D) motion capture system, Kistler force plate and Noraxon surface electromyography (sEMG) system were used to collect kinetic, kinematic and sEMG data for statistical analysis. Results Compared with control group, ankle taping significantly increased flexion angle at initial contact and maximum flexion angle, while significantly decreased the maximum valgus angle. Conclusions The restriction of varus and plantar flexion might reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The intervention with ankle taping could modify biomechanical parameters of the knee during drop landing. The ankle taping by restriction of ankle varus and plantar flexion may be an effective measure to prevent ACL injury for collegiate athletes.

Objective To investigate college students' awareness and cognition of 84 shared courses on the Internet and analyze the discrepancies between different ethnicity and majors in Xinjiang Medical University. Methods Purposive sampling was adopted with questionnaire of 1 448 students of 26 classes in Xinjiang Medical University. The survey aimed to investigate students' awareness and cognition of these In- ternet courses. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 13.0, and the test level α=0.05. Result The hits of preventative medicine, Chinese medicine, clinical medicine and pharmacy were 19.0%, 33.3%, 35.7% and 11.9% respectively. Among the courses whose hits exceeded 50,000, clinical medicine accounted for 50%, preventive medicine for 21.4%, Chinese medicine and pharmacy for 14.3% respectively, there being no significant difference in overall hits (P>0.05). 90.1% of the surveyed students knew shared courses on the Internet, there being no difference between gender, ethnicity and profession (P>0.05). 89.8% had an accurate understanding of the concept of shared courses on the Internet, there being differences between gender and major ( χ2gender=11.013, P=0.026; χ2major=136.08, P=0.000) without significant differences in ethnicity ( χ2=11.378, P=0.497). 71.9% of the students used shared courses on the Internet as reference resources for the course study, 46.6% for the learning content, 35.5%for the understanding of other resources related to the course, 30.1% for lab-class and exercises, 10% for discussion on online course forum. The Han and Kazak students used the courses as a study, experiment and exercise tool, while the Uyghur and Kazak mainly used these for learning and discussion on the forum, there being differences in ethnicity ( χ2=26.889, P=0.001); the usage rate of the courses of preventive medicine students is higher, whereas pharmacy students relatively low, there being significant differences in major ( χ2=38.01, P=0.004). The Kazakh and Uygur students mainly used the courses to formulate learning plans, and the Han students to learn the current curriculum. 44.7% of preventive medicine students used the courses to improve their abilities, which was significantly higher than those of other majors. Only 18.4% and 1% of pharmacy students used the courses to formulate learning plans and to improve their abilities, which were both lower than those of other majors, showing ethnic and professional differences ( χ2ethnic=37.654, P=0.001; χ2major=73.68, P=0.000). Conclusion Students' awareness of shared courses on the Internet is high and their cognition is accurate. However, there are differences in the ways and purposes of the employment of the courses between different ethnicity and majors. The main reason may be related to major, the quality of the courses, as well as the lack of effec-tive supervision and evaluation system, suggesting that the management department in our university should strengthen the supervision and evaluation of the courses and give full play to the important role of shared courses on the Internet.

Objective To investigate the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation and their molecular mechanisms induced by serum amyloid A (SAA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood of RA and healthy volunteers.① Neutrophils were cultured in vitro,the formation of NETs was observed and their percentage was calculated.② Neutrophils were cultured in vitro,divided into six groups:control,SAA,[SAA+anti-Toll like receptro4 (TLR4)-Ab],LPS,(LPS+anti-TLR4-Ab) and anti-TLR4-Ab.Appropriate stimulation was conducted for each group.NETs formation and their percentages were investigated.The concentration of DNA in supernatant was detected by fluorescent staining.F test and t test were used for statistical analysis.Results ① The purification of isolated neutrophils was higher than 95％.The network which was collocated with the spreading neutrophils nucleus and neutrophil elastase under the microscope,was NETs.In the RA group,the formation of NETs induced by SAA was significantly more than control [(19.1±0.8) vs (7.4±0.5),t=12.30,P＜0.05].② However,after pretreated with anti-TLR4 antibody,NETs formation was significantly less than the SAA group [(5.7±0.4) vs (14.7±1.1),t=7.825,P＜0.05].Moreover,the fluorescence intensity of DNA in supernatant was significantly higher in SAA group than that of anti-TLR4-Ab pretreatment group [(18.7 ±0.7) vs (12.9±0.8),t=5.552,P＜0.05].The concentration of DNA in supernatant of SAA group was higher than that of anti-TLR4-Ab pretreatment group [(36.9±1.3) μg/ml and (16.3±0.6) μ,g/ml,t=14.41,P＜0.05].Conclusion SAA can induce the formation of NETs from neutrophils by binding to TLR4 in RA.

Objective To investigate the effect of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), especially angiogenesis. Methods The presence of NETs in synovial tissues of RA and osteoarthritis (OA) was observed by immunofluorescence assay. Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood of health volunteers. Neutrophils were cultured in vitro, the formation of NETs was observed. NETs were extracted as a stimulating agent. The effects of NETs on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and synovial fibroblasts (RAFLS) were evaluated by MTT, and which were classified into two groups: HUVECs group and RAFLS group, with the following treatment: control and NETs (0.28 mg/L). Wound repair assay was employed to evaluate the effect on the cell migration stimulated with NETs. The experiment was divided into three groups:control, VEGF (40μg/L VEGF) and NETs (0.28 mg/L NETs). Results (1) Compared with OA, NETs were found more in the synovial tissue of RA. (2) NETs formation was induced by stimulator in vitro. The concentration of extracted NETs-DNA was 27.8 mg/L. (3) MTT assay showed that compared with the control groups, low concentration of NETs (0.28 mg/L) promoted the proliferation of HUVECs (0.499 ± 0.011 vs. 0.393 ± 0.009, P<0.05) and RAFLS (0.266 ± 0.007 vs. 0.192 ± 0.007, P<0.05). (4) It was showed that a significant wound closure induced by low concentration of NETs (0.28 mg/L) was found compared with control. Conclusion Our present study suggests that NETs are found more in the synovial tissue of RA, and low concentration of NETs can promote angiogenesis in RA.

Objective T o explore the relationship betw een the change rules of volatile organic com pounds (V O C s) in rat m uscle and postm ortem interval (PM I). Methods A total of 120 healthy rats w ere divided random ly into 12 groups (10 for each group). A fter the rats w ere sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the bodies w ere kept at (25±1)℃. R at m uscle sam ples w ere separately obtained at 12 PM I points, including 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 d. T he V O C s in rat m uscles w ere collected, detected and ana-lyzed by headspace solid-phase m icroextraction (H S-SPM E ) coupled to gas chrom atography-m ass spec-trom eter (G C-M S ). Results In total, 15 species of V O C s w ere identified, including 9 arom atic com-pounds, 3 sulfur com pounds, 2 aliphatic acids and 1 heterocyclic com pound. T he species of V O C s in-creased w ith PM I: no species w ere detected w ithin 1 day, 3 species w ere detected on day 2, 9 on day 3, 11 on day 4, 14 from day 5 to 7, and 15 from day 8 to 10. T otal peak area of 15 species of V O C s w as significantly correlated to PM I (adjusted R2=0.15-0.96): the regression function w as y=-17.05 x2+164.36 x-246.36 (adjusted R2=0.96) from day 2 to 5, and y=2.24 x+101.13 (adjusted R2=0.97) from day 6 to 10. Conclusion T he change rules of V O C s in rat m uscle are helpful for PM I estim ation.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of pigolitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy replacing metformin alone or combined with other anti-diabetes drugs in type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control.Methods 80 cases were recruited,with an average age of (54.79±13.99)years,diabetes history of (9.76±6.59) and baseline HbA1c (9.06±1.34)％.All participants received pigolitazone/metformin instead of metformin without other treatment changes.Glycemic control (level of fast blood glucose,HbA1c) was evaluated at 12 weeks,as well as lipid profiles,liver and renal function,adverse events and body weight.Results 8 cases were lost to visit,4 cases were withdrawn for edema,only 68 subjects finished the study.Compared to the baseline,after 12-week treatment,FPG decreased for (2.06+0.16) mmol/L,HbA1c decreased for (0.84+0.23)％,both of the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.001,P＜0.001).Body weight increased (0.34+1.13)kg,with no difference compared to the baseline.The lipid profile presented elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.012)and decreased total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglyceride,while the latter three items showed no differences (P＞0.05,P＞0.05,P＞0.05).Indexes reflecting liver and renal function,such as ALT,AST,TBIL,DBIL,Urea,UA,Cr showed no differences compared with the baseline.Adverse events analysis showed at the end of the study,no severe hypoglycemia and serious cardiovascular events occurred,6 cases suffered edema,among whom 4 patients exited the study for severe lower limb edema.No extra gastrointestinal symptom happened.Conclusion Pigolitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination exhibits an excellent efficacy and safety for T2DM,with satisfying tolerability and compliance,which is a selection for those patients with poor glycemic control.

Objective Analyze the relationship between high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) ,homocysteine (Hcy) ,D‐di‐mer (D‐D) levels and atherosclerosis (AS) .Methods A total of 92 patients with AS were analyzed retrospectively ,including acute coronary syndrome (ACS) group with 61 cases ,stable angina pectoris (SAP) group with 31 cases .According to the result of coro‐nary artery plaque CT detection was further divided into plaque group ,non plaque group ,stable plaque subgroup ,and unstable plaque subgroup .Meanwhile 42 healthy subjects were selected as control group .The levels of the three indicators were compared . Results The serum hs‐CRP ,Hcy and plasma D‐D concentration in the ACS group and SAP group were significant higher than those of the control group (P< 0 .05) ,and those of the ACS group were significant higher than those of the SAP group(P< 0 .05) . The serum hs‐CRP ,Hcy and plasma D‐D concentration in the plaque group were significant higher than those of the non plaque group ,those in the unstable plaque subgroup were significant higher than those of the stable plaque subgroup(P< 0 .05) .The serum hs‐CRP ,Hcy and plasma D‐D concentration of the ACS patients were all correlated positively .Conclusion Serum hs‐CRP ,Hcy and plasma D‐D levels are closely related to the development of AS ,the combined detection of three indexes is value for the prevention , treatment and prognosis of AS .