OBJECTIVE To analyze the factors affecting the inclusion of Chinese patent medicines in China’s National reimbursement drug list （NRDL）， and assist these medicines in fully reflecting their actual value in the reimbursement admission process. METHODS From the official website of the China’s National Healthcare Security Administration， the application materials of Chinese patent medicines outside the list that passed the formal review from 2021 to 2023 were obtained， including basic information on the medicines， safety， efficacy， innovation and heritage information， and supplemented with references from the pharmacopeia and the Yaozhi Database. Economic information and enterprise information were obtained through websites such as the Yaozhi Database. Univariate analysis， multivariate Logistic regression analysis and stepwise regression analysis were conducted on the initial application information and admission outcomes of the medicines. Sensitivity analysis was also performed on medicines that applied multiple times in different years as independent samples. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS There were 27 Chinese patent medicines that passed the formal review from 2021 to 2023， involving 37 applications. The univariate analysis results showed that medicines with descriptions of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome types， clear adjustment information for medication plans for specific population groups， short time to market in the indications of the package insert， registered as Class 1 to 6 following or class Ⅰ innovative TCM/class Ⅲ ancient classic prescription compound TCM registered， and those produced by enterprises listed in the “Top 100 Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry Enterprises” list for the current year were more likely to be included in the NRDL （P＜0.05）. The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis were not statistically significant， but the stepwise regression results indicated good consistency with the univariate analysis. The results of the sensitivity analysis were consistent with the trend of basic analysis. It is recommended that Chinese patent medicine enterprises further clarify the description of product instructions， expand innovation capabilities， inherit and develop ancient classic prescriptions， and promptly complete clinical trial evidence.

Objective To explore the correlation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)parameters of adenomyoma before and after MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery(MRgFUS)with the therapeutic efficacy.Methods Uterine ultrasound and CEUS data of 26 patients with adenomyoma before and 24 h,1 and 6 months after MRgFUS,as well as MRI before and immediately after MRgFUS were retrospectively analyzed.The lesion volume shown on CEUS and MRI before MRgFUS,the non perfusion volume(NPV)of adenomyoma on MRI immediately after and CEUS 24 h after MRgFUS were compared.The ablation rate of lesions was calculated based on CEUS 24 h after MRgFUS.The focal blood flow score before,24 h after MRgFUS and the sum of the two,also the numerical rating scale(NRS)score before and 1,6 months after MRgFUS and the change rate were analyzed.The correlations of CEUS parameters with the efficacy of MRgFUS for treating adenomyoma were observed.Results No significant difference of lesion volume nor NPV on CEUS or MRI was found(both P＞0.05).The ablation rate of lesions 24 h after treatment was(58.11±24.92)%.The focal blood flow score before,24 h after MRgFUS and the sum of the two was 2.00(2.00,2.00),1.00(1.00,1.00)and 3.50(3.00,3.50),respectively,with significant difference between before and 24 h after MRgFUS(Z=-4.463,P＜0.001).NRS score was 5.00(4.00,6.00),3.00(2.00,4.00)and 2.00(1.00,3.00)before treatment,1 and 6 months after treatment,respectively,with significant differences at different time points(all P＜0.01).The change rate of NRS score 1 and 6 months after treatment was 35.42%(23.75%,50.00%)and 60.00%(50.00%,77.08%),respectively.The lesion blood flow score before and 24 h after MRgFUS and the sum of the two were all negatively correlated with ablation rate(rs=-0.552,-0.820,-0.745),while positively correlated with NRS scores 6 months after treatment(rs=0.513,0.552,0.496)but negatively correlated with the change rate of NRS scores 6 months after treatment(rs=-0.525,-0.479,-0.531).The ablation rate 24 h after treatment was negatively correlated with NRS scores(rs=-0.462)while positively correlated with the change rate of NRS scores 6 months after treatment(rs=0.500).Conclusion CEUS parameters before and after treatment were correlated with the therapeutic efficacy of MRgFUS for treating adenomyoma.

Objective:To explore the benefits of transradial diagnostic cerebral angiography in elderly patients and its correlation with morphometric parameters of the aortic arch.Methods:Clinical data and aortic arch CTA imaging parameters of patients who underwent cerebral angiography at the Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, between May 2022 and April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The study aimed to compare the time taken for angiography via radial artery access in elderly patients versus younger patients, as well as via femoral artery access, and to evaluate the associated aortic arch morphology parameters.Results:A total of 101 patients' data were analyzed, with 67 males(66.3%)and an average age of 63.4±12.0 years.Among them, 69 patients(68.3%)were aged 60 and above.The arterial approach for 44 patients(43.6%)was radial, while 57 cases(56.4%)used the femoral artery approach.In the elderly group, 14 cases(20.6%), 31 cases(45.6%), and 23 cases(33.8%)had type Ⅲ aortic arch, respectively.For younger patients, 17 cases(53.1%), 12 cases(37.5%), and 3 cases(9.4%)fell into these categories.The distribution difference was statistically significant( χ2=12.765, P=0.002).Elderly patients had a larger aortic arch width angle compared to younger patients(106°±12°and 100°±12°, t=2.334, P=0.022).The time for whole-brain angiography via radial artery was shorter for elderly patients than via femoral artery(39.8±29.5 minutes and 52.2±28.4 minutes, respectively, t=1.845, P=0.070).In young patients, there was no significant time difference between the two approaches(42.3±30.4 minutes for radial artery and 34.6±11.2 minutes for femoral artery, t=1.026, P=0.313).In the type Ⅱ aortic arch group, the average times for transradial and transfemoral approaches were 38.1±21.7 minutes and 46.7±32.2 minutes, respectively( t=1.020, P=0.314).The average times for the type Ⅲ aortic arch group were 41.9±37.3 minutes and 48.9±20.7 minutes, respectively.Correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between the duration of radial artery access and the distance from the origin of the innominate artery to the left subclavian artery(Pearson correlation coefficien( r=-0.372, P=0.014). Conclusions:In elderly patients, particularly those with type Ⅱ or Ⅲ aortic arch or a wide aortic arch, diagnostic cerebral angiography using transradial access is preferable to femoral access.The distance between the innominate artery and the left subclavian artery origin could impact the duration of the procedure.

Background and purpose:DDX is an adenosine triphosphate(ATP)-dependent RNA helicase closely related to mRNA regulation,tumor proliferation and invasion.This article aimed to explore the effect of DDX6,a member of the DDX family,on the stability of CKMT1A mRNA,as well as the effect of the DDX6 CKMT1A axis on the proliferation and migration ability of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell CNE2 and its molecular mechanism.Methods:We retrieved the data of expressions of DDX6 and CKMT1A in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database and performed a correlation analysis.Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of CKMT1A and DDX6 in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and normal nasopharyngeal tissues preserved by Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University(Number:2022-L114).We used transwell assay to detect cell migration ability,EdU assay to detect cell proliferation ability,and colony formation assay to detect clone formation ability.We transfect with lentivirus and plasmids to construct sh-DDX6,sh-CKMT1A,sh-CKMT1A+sh-DDX6 and oe-CKMT1A cell models derived from the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2,preserved by Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,to clarify the impact of DDX6 and CKMT1A expression levels on the malignant biological phenotypes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.BALB/c nude mice subcutaneous xenograft tumor model was constructed to detect the effects of DDX6 and CKMT1A on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in mice.RNA stability assay was used to detect the effect of DDX6 knockout on CKMT1A mRNA and further clarify the molecular mechanism of DDX6.Results:DDX6 was highly expressed,CKMT1A level was low in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue,and DDX6 was negatively correlated with CKMT1A expression.DDX6 inhibited protein translation of CKMT1A by disrupting its mRNA stability.Low expression of CKMT1A in CNE2 cells enhanced cell migration and proliferation ability,while high expression inhibited migration and proliferation ability.Knocking out DDX6 reversed the progression of malignant behavior caused by downregulation of CKMT1A.Low expression of CKMT1A promoted tumor cell growth in BALB/c nude mice subcutaneous xenograft tumor model,while low expression of DDX6 inhibited tumor cell growth.Knocking out DDX6 and CKMT1A simultaneously restored the inhibitory effect caused by knocking down DDX6 alone.Conclusion:DDX6 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells disrupts the stability of CKMT1A mRNA,negatively regulates CKMT1A protein translation,upregulates the proliferation and migration ability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells,and promotes malignant progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective The objective of this study was to provide methodological references for the inheritance of the experience of well-known Chinese medicine doctors in the treatment of kidney disease.Methods The study collected medical case data for IgA nephropathy,diagnosed and treated by Professor Yang Nizhi's outpatient department at Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2010 to 2020.The data was standardized and divided into three groups:urine and blood,urine turbidity,and renal failure groups.The study utilized the FangNet platform to apply the PageRank algorithm and calculate the THScore of different subgroups of core herbs for IgA nephropathy.The distribution pattern of syndrome differentiation and corresponding herb use regulations were visualized through Python(SciPy package,Clusterheatmap package),and the study explored and verified the drug prescription through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis based on Pearson correlation coefficient.The weighted least squares estimation mean and variance adjusted(WLSMV)and the oblique rotated GEOMIN method were used with the Mplus software.Results The study included a total of 548 treatments for 145 patients with IgA nephropathy,with heamturia group(54 cases),urine turbidity group(51 cases),and renal failure group(40 cases).Results showed 9 basic syndromes such as Qi deficiency syndrome(91.79%),blood stasis syndrome(77.01%),damp-heat syndrome(66.06%),and Yin deficiency syndrome(38.69%).There are 24 core drugs in total,23 in the urine and blood group,21 in the urine turbidity group,and 16 in the renal failure group.These drugs mainly include qi-tonifying and yang-invigorating drugs,nourishing yin and blood drugs,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis drugs,and clearing heat and cooling blood drugs.The regulations for the differentiation and medication of IgA nephropathy(Z-Score>0.5 and P<0.05)were as follows:Huangqi,Shan Zhu Yu,and Tusizi were commonly used in Qi deficiency syndrome;Danshen,Ze Lan,and Shan Zhu Yu were commonly used in blood stasis syndrome;Pu Gong Ying,Shi Wei,Tao Ren,and Tu Fu Ling were commonly used in damp-heat syndrome;and Mo Han Lian,Tai Zi Shen,and Nv Zhen Zi were commonly used in Yin deficiency syndrome.Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis,the core drug combination factors for the treatment of IgA nephropathy by Professor Yang Nizhi were obtained as follows:F1(Tusizi,Shan Zhu Yu,Huangqi);F2(White Mao Gen,Xiao Ji,Qian Cao);F3(Nv Zhen Zi,Mo Han Lian,Tai Zi Shen);and F4(Ze Lan,Tao Ren).Conclusion This study analyzed the diagnosis and treatment experience of Professor Yang Nizhi in the treatment of IgA nephropathy by grouping,defining the core syndrome of"Qi deficiency and blood stasis,damp-heat and Yin deficiency",and the core treatment methods of"tonifying Qi,promoting blood circulation,clearing heat,and nourishing Yin"using the PageRank algorithm and Mplus factor analysis.The study provided methodological references for the inheritance of the experience of famous Chinese medicine doctors and promoted the development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the relationships of nutritional status and length of stay (LOS) with phase angle (PA) in patients with severe craniocerebral injury. Methods A total of 100 patients [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score ≤8 points] admitted outside the department of neurology were selected as study objects. Body composition analysis and blood samples were used to determine the intracellular and extracellular water content, skeletal muscle, PA, prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and LOS. Patients were divided into low PA group (n=42) and normal PA group (n=58) based on PA values. Body composition related indexes, PNI and LOS were compared between the two groups. The correlation between PA and each index was analyzed. The influencing factors of malnutrition were analyzed. The influencing factors of malnutrition were analyzed. Results Intracellular water, total body water, body cell content and PNI in the low PA group were significantly lower, and LOS was significantly longer than that in the normal PA group (P < 0.05). PA was positively correlated with intracellular water, extracellular water, total body water, skeletal muscle, body cell content, bone mineral content, basal metabolic rate and PNI (P < 0.05), while PA was negatively correlated with LOS (P < 0.05). PA (OR=5.441, P=0.001, 95%CI, 2.011 to 14.719) and LOS (OR=8.373, P < 0.001, 95%CI, 3.079 to 22.765) were the influential factors in the occurrence of malnutrition. Conclusion PA is significantly correlated with nutritional status and LOS in patients with severe craniocerebral injury.

With the rapid development of gene editing technology, the study of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) holds great significance in understanding spermatogenesis and its regulatory mechanism, developing transgenic animals, gene therapy, infertility treatment and protecting rare species. Biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 subunit 1 (BLOC1S1) is believed to have anti-brucella potential. Exploring the impack of BLOC1S1 on goat SSCs not only helps investigate the ability of BLOC1S1 to promote SSCs proliferation, but also provides a cytological basis for disease-resistant breeding research. In this study, a BLOC1S1 overexpression vector was constructed by homologous recombination. The BLOC1S1 overexpression cell line of goat spermatogonial stem cells was successfully constructed by lentivirus packaging, transfection and puromycin screening. The overexpression efficiency of BLOC1S1 was found to be 18 times higher using real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, the results from cell growth curve analysis, flow cytometry for cell cycle detection, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining showed that BLOC1S1 significantly increased the proliferation activity of goat SSCs. The results of RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting analyses revealed up-regulation of proliferation-related genes (PCNA, CDK2, CCND1), and EIF2S3Y, a key gene regulating the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells. These findings strongly suggest that the proliferative ability of goat SSCs can be enhanced through the EIF2S3Y/ERK pathway. In summary, this study successfully created a goat spermatogonial stem cell BLOC1S1 overexpression cell line, which exhibited improved proliferation ability. This research laid the groundwork for exploring the regulatory role of BLOC1S1 in goat spermatogonia and provided a cell platform for further study into the biological function of BLOC1S1. These findings also establish a foundation for breeding BLOC1S1 overexpressing goats.
Animals ; Male ; Goats ; Stem Cells ; Spermatogonia/metabolism* ; Cell Proliferation ; Flow Cytometry ; Testis/metabolism*

Objective To investigate the related factors of nursing dependence in bladder cancer patients with urinary diversion and abdominal wall stoma.Methods The clinical data of 120 patients with bladder cancer undergoing abdominal ostomy with urinary diversion in the hospital from June 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The self-esteem scale,the civilian version of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Scale,the Personal Sense of Control Scale,and the Nursing Care Dependence Scale were used to evaluate the self-esteem level,post-traumatic stress disorder level,personal sense of control level and nursing dependence degree of patients,and carry out univariate and multivariate regression analysis on the influencing factors of nursing dependence in patients with bladder cancer urinary diversion and abdominal stoma.Results The total score of nursing dependence in 120 bladder cancer patients with urinary diversion and abdominal wall stoma was 56.95±7.94.The lowest score was activity,followed by excretion and cleanliness.Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the nursing dependence scores of patients with different age,marital status,educational level,work status,per capita monthly income,and comorbidities(P＜0.05);the patients'self-esteem,the civilian version of the Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale,and the Personal Sense of Control Scale scores were 25.08±2.59,46.04±5.72,24.18±2.95,respectively;after multi-factor a-nalysis,it can be seen that age,education level,comorbidities,self-esteem level,post-traumatic stress obstacles and personal control finally entered the regression equation as factors influencing dependence on care for pa-tients with urinary diversion abdominal wall stoma for bladder cancer(P＜0.05).Conclusion Bladder cancer patients with urinary diversion abdominal wall stoma have the highest degree of dependence on nursing care for mobility,excretion and cleaning.Age,education level,complications,self-esteem,post-traumatic stress dis-order,and personal sense of control are related factors that affect the degree of dependence on nursing care.

Objective:To explore the effect of virtual reality (VR) on sleep quality, sleep structure and neuropsychological characteristics of patients with chronic insomnia.Methods:Fifty one patients with chronic insomnia enrolled from Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from October 2021 to April 2022 were chosen; according to their wills, they were divided into VR combined drug treatment group ( n=26) and drug treatment group ( n=25). Patients in drug treatment group accepted non-benzodiazepine combined with melatonin receptor agonist and serotonin reuptake inhibitor; in patients of VR combined drug treatment group, VR was added 30 min/d for 5 d/week on basis of above drug therapy. Subjective sleep quality was assessed by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Insomnia Severity Scale (ISI). Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were used to assess anxiety and depression. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), Digital Span Test (DST), Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Color Word Test A/B/C, Judgment of Line Orientation Test (JLO), and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) were used to assess the overall and individual cognitive functions. Portable sleep monitor (PSM)-100A based on cardiopulmonary coupling technology was used to evaluate the sleep structure. Differences of subjective sleep quality, sleep structure, and neuropsychological characteristics were compared between the 2 groups before and after treatment and in VR combined drug treatment group before and after treatment. Results:(1) After 6 weeks of treatment, compared with the drug treatment group, the VR combined with drug treatment group had significantly decreased scores of PSQI, ISI, HAMD and HAMA, increased total scores of AVLT immediate memory, scores of AVLT short delay recall, long delay recall and recognition, higher SDMT scores, increased correct times of DST reciting in reverse order, shorter time in TMT-A and TMT-B, higher proportion of high frequency coupled sleep (HF, stable sleep), lower proportion of low frequency coupled sleep (LF, unstable sleep), and decreased LF/HF ( P<0.05). (2) The VR combined with drug treatment group after VR treatment had significantly decreased PSQI, ISI, HAMD and HAMA scores, higher total scores of AVLT immediate memory, higher scores of AVLT short delay recall, long delay recall and recognition, shorter time in TMT-A and TMT-B, increased correct times of DST reciting in order and reciting in reverse order, and higher scores of JLO, Stroop Color Word Test A/B/C and SDMT, higher proportion of HF sleep, lower LF sleep, decreased LF/HF, and decreased arousal frequency compared with that before VR treatment ( P<0.05). Conclusion:VR combined with drug treatment can effectively improve the subjective sleep quality and sleep structure, reduce depression and anxiety, and improve memory and attention of patients with chronic insomnia.

Objectives:To explore obesity prevalence and its association with dietary patterns among Tibetan pastoralists during the urbanization transition in Qinghai Province.Methods:Using an open cohort study design, 1 003 subjects were enrolled at baseline in 2018, 599 were followed up, and 1 012 were newly recruited in 2022. A total of 1 913 adults over 18 years were included in the study, and a questionnaire survey and health examination were conducted. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns, and a mixed-effects model was used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and obesity.Results:From 2018 to 2022, the prevalence rates of overweight, obesity, and central obesity were 27.6%, 33.8%, and 54.6%, respectively. Age-sex-standardized prevalence of obesity and central obesity increased. Three dietary patterns were identified: the modern pattern was characterized by frequent consumption of pork, poultry, processed meat, fresh fruits, sugary drinks, salty snacks, etcetera; the urban pattern was characterized by frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates, beef and mutton, vegetables and eggs, etcetera; and pastoral pattern featured frequent consumption of tsamba, Tibetan cheese, buttered/milk tea, and whole-fat dairy products. After adjusting for demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors, compared with the T1, subjects in the T3 of urban pattern scores were more likely to be overweight ( OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.10-3.95) and overweight/obese ( OR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.00-1.51), whereas those in the T3 of pastoral pattern scores had a lower risk of overweight ( OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.24-0.84), obesity ( OR=0.81, 95% CI: 0.69-0.95), overweight/obesity ( OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.61-0.91) and central obesity ( OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.38-0.89). Conclusions:Prevalence of obesity and central obesity was high among Tibetan pastoralists during the urbanization transition. Urban dietary pattern was a risk factor for overweight and overweight/obesity, whereas pastoral dietary pattern was a protective factor for overweight, obesity, overweight/obesity, and central obesity. Tailored interventions are needed to improve local people's health.