Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-negative bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of national bloodstream infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:During the study period，9 035 strains of Gram-negative bacteria were collected from 51 hospitals，of which 7 895（87.4%）were Enterobacteriaceae and 1 140（12.6%）were non-fermenting bacteria. The top 5 bacterial species were Escherichia coli（ n=4 510，49.9%）， Klebsiella pneumoniae（ n=2 340，25.9%）， Pseudomonas aeruginosa（ n=534，5.9%）， Acinetobacter baumannii complex（ n=405，4.5%）and Enterobacter cloacae（ n=327，3.6%）. The ESBLs-producing rates in Escherichia coli， Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus spp. were 47.1%（2 095/4 452），21.0%（427/2 033）and 41.1%（58/141），respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli（CREC）and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae（CRKP）were 1.3%（58/4 510）and 13.1%（307/2 340）；62.1%（36/58）and 9.8%（30/307）of CREC and CRKP were resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination，respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii（CRAB）complex was 59.5%（241/405），while less than 5% of Acinetobacter baumannii complex was resistant to tigecycline and polymyxin B. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa（CRPA）was 18.4%（98/534）. There were differences in the composition ratio of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections and the prevalence of main Gram-negative bacteria resistance among different regions，with statistically significant differences in the prevalence of CRKP and CRPA（ χ2=20.489 and 20.252， P<0.001）. The prevalence of CREC，CRKP，CRPA，CRAB，ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were higher in provinicial hospitals than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=11.953，81.183，10.404，5.915，12.415 and 6.459， P<0.01 or <0.05），while the prevalence of CRPA was higher in economically developed regions（per capita GDP ≥ 92 059 Yuan）than that in economically less-developed regions（per capita GDP <92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=6.240， P=0.012）. Conclusions:The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in bloodstream infections shows an increasing trend，and Escherichia coli is ranked in the top，while the trend of CRKP decreases continuously with time. Decreasing trends are noted in ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Low prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli and high prevalence in CRAB complex have been observed. The composition ratio and antibacterial spectrum of bloodstream infections in different regions of China are slightly different，and the proportion of main drug resistant bacteria in provincial hospitals is higher than those in municipal hospitals.

Objective To examine the regulation of malignant progression of colorectal cancer by LINC00626 via the JAK1/STAT3/KHSRP signaling axis and its molecular mechanism.Methods 96 individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer at our hospital during June 11,2021 and June 11,2023 were chosen as research subjects,and their cancerous tissue and nearby normal tissue were collected.Cultivate colorectal cancer cell lines(SW620,HCT116,HT29,DLD-1,LOVO,Caco-2)and normal colorectal cells(NCM460)in vitro,and detect the expression of LINC00626 and KHSRP in colorectal cancer tissue and cell lines using qRT-PCR.Screening out cell lines infected with lentivirus,SW620 and HCT116 cell lines were transfected with knockdown lentivirus and its control,while HT29 and DLD-1 cell lines were transfected with overexpressing lentivirus and its control,respectively.Select stable transfected cell lines for cell function experiments to detect proliferation,migration,and invasion abilities.Detection of the effect of LINC00626 on the growth and migration of colorectal cancer tumors in live mouse experiments.The expression level of KHSRP protein in stable labeled cells was determined using a western blot analysis.Rescue experimental research on the regulatory relationship between LINC00626 and KHSRP.Results qRT-PCR showed low expression of LINC00626 and high expression of KHSRP in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines.Cell function experiments showed that compared with the sh-NC group,the sh-LINC00626 group promoted cell proliferation,migration,and invasion in SW620 and HCT116 cells,while the overexpression group showed the opposite.Cell rescue experiments showed that,LINC00626+KHSRP significantly reversed the promotion effects of knocking down LINC00626 on cell proliferation,migration,and invasion.In the nude mouse experiment,com-pared with the sh-NC group,the sh-LINC00626 group showed a significant increase in tumor volume and weight,cell proliferation rate,and the number of lung metastases from colorectal cancer in the nude mice;Overexpression results in the opposite.The signal pathway experiment revealed that relative to the sh-NC group,the expression levels of JAK1 and STAT3 mRNA in the sh-LINC00626 group were significantly increased,whereas the results in the overexpression group were the opposite.Conclusion LINC00626 suppression the malignant progression of colorec-tal cancer metastasis through the JAK1/STAT3/KHSRP signaling axis.

Objective:To report the results of national surveillance on the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical Gram-positive bacteria isolates from bloodstream infections in China in 2022.Methods:The clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria from blood cultures in member hospitals of National Bloodstream Infection Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System（BRICS）were collected during January 2022 to December 2022. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted by agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute（CLSI）. WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 25.0 software were used to analyze the data.Results:A total of 3 163 strains of Gram-positive pathogens were collected from 51 member units，and the top five bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus（ n=1 147，36.3%），coagulase-negative Staphylococci（ n=928，29.3%）， Enterococcus faecalis（ n=369，11.7%）， Enterococcus faecium（ n=296，9.4%）and alpha-hemolyticus Streptococci（ n=192，6.1%）. The detection rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci（MRCNS）were 26.4%（303/1 147）and 66.7%（619/928），respectively. No glycopeptide and daptomycin-resistant Staphylococci were detected. The sensitivity rates of Staphylococcus aureus to cefpirome，rifampin，compound sulfamethoxazole，linezolid，minocycline and tigecycline were all >95.0%. Enterococcus faecium was more prevalent than Enterococcus faecalis. The resistance rates of Enterococcus faecium to vancomycin and teicoplanin were both 0.5%（2/369），and no vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium was detected. The detection rate of MRSA in southern China was significantly lower than that in other regions（ χ2=14.578， P=0.002），while the detection rate of MRCNS in northern China was significantly higher than that in other regions（ χ2=15.195， P=0.002）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS in provincial hospitals were higher than those in municipal hospitals（ χ2=13.519 and 12.136， P<0.001）. The detection rates of MRSA and MRCNS in economically more advanced regions（per capita GDP≥92 059 Yuan in 2022）were higher than those in economically less advanced regions（per capita GDP<92 059 Yuan）（ χ2=9.969 and 7.606， P=0.002和0.006）. Conclusions:Among the Gram-positive pathogens causing bloodstream infections in China， Staphylococci is the most common while the MRSA incidence decreases continuously with time；the detection rate of Enterococcus faecium exceeds that of Enterococcus faecalis. The overall prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci is still at a low level. The composition ratio of Gram-positive pathogens and resistant profiles varies slightly across regions of China，with the prevalence of MRSA and MRCNS being more pronounced in provincial hospitals and areas with a per capita GDP≥92 059 yuan.

Severe pneumonia is a major disease that seriously endangers public health,with high mortality and heavy social burden.Despite the emergence of new drugs and strategies in treatment,the mortality of severe pneumonia remains high.Clearing therapy has achieved good application effect in severe pneumonia,mainly including clearing away propaganda,clearing away heat,clearing away purgation and clearing tonifying therapy.Its mechanism is related to regulating inflammatory factors,regulating immune imbalance,regulating lung and intestine axis,resisting oxidative stress,cooperating with bacteriostasis,etc.This paper summarizes the clinical application and related research progress of the mechanism of clearing therapy in the treatment of severe pneumonia,with a view to providing reference for clinical application of clearing therapy in the treatment of severe pneumonia and providing a demonstration for the treatment of critically ill patients with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).

Parvalbumin interneurons belong to the major types of GABAergic interneurons. Although the distribution and pathological alterations of parvalbumin interneuron somata have been widely studied, the distribution and vulnerability of the neurites and fibers extending from parvalbumin interneurons have not been detailly interrogated. Through the Cre recombinase-reporter system, we visualized parvalbumin-positive fibers and thoroughly investigated their spatial distribution in the mouse brain. We found that parvalbumin fibers are widely distributed in the brain with specific morphological characteristics in different regions, among which the cortex and thalamus exhibited the most intense parvalbumin signals. In regions such as the striatum and optic tract, even long-range thick parvalbumin projections were detected. Furthermore, in mouse models of temporal lobe epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, parvalbumin fibers suffered both massive and subtle morphological alterations. Our study provides an overview of parvalbumin fibers in the brain and emphasizes the potential pathological implications of parvalbumin fiber alterations.
Mice ; Animals ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology* ; Parvalbumins/metabolism* ; Parkinson Disease/pathology* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Interneurons/physiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Brain/pathology*

Objective:To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of clinical bacteria isolated from blood culture in China.Methods:The clinical bacterial strains isolated from blood culture from member hospitals of Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS) were collected during January 2018 to December 2019. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were conducted with agar dilution or broth dilution methods recommended by US Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). WHONET 5.6 was used to analyze data.Results:During the study period, 14 778 bacterial strains were collected from 50 hospitals, of which 4 117 (27.9%) were Gram-positive bacteria and 10 661(72.1%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The top 10 bacterial species were Escherichia coli (37.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.7%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (8.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.7%), Enterococcus faecium (3.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii(3.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.9%), Streptococci(2.8%) and Enterococcus faecalis (2.3%). The the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were 27.4% (394/1 438) and 70.4% (905/1 285), respectively. No glycopeptide-resistant Staphylococcus was detected. More than 95% of S. aureus were sensitive to amikacin, rifampicin and SMZco. The resistance rate of E. faecium to vancomycin was 0.4% (2/504), and no vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis was detected. The ESBLs-producing rates in no carbapenem-resistance E. coli, carbapenem sensitive K. pneumoniae and Proteus were 50.4% (2 731/5 415), 24.6% (493/2001) and 35.2% (31/88), respectively. The prevalence of carbapenem-resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae were 1.5% (85/5 500), 20.6% (518/2 519), respectively. 8.3% (27/325) of carbapenem-resistance K. pneumoniae was resistant to ceftazidime/avibactam combination. The resistance rates of A. baumannii to polymyxin and tigecycline were 2.8% (14/501) and 3.4% (17/501) respectively, and that of P. aeruginosa to carbapenem were 18.9% (103/546). Conclusions:The surveillance results from 2018 to 2019 showed that the main pathogens of bloodstream infection in China were gram-negative bacteria, while E. coli was the most common pathogen, and ESBLs-producing strains were in majority; the MRSA incidence is getting lower in China; carbapenem-resistant E. coli keeps at a low level, while carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae is on the rise obviously.

Objective To investigate the status of radiological protection in Baoji City. Methods Using the questionnaire survey method, the survey forms were sent to the radiology clinics and other relevant units in the counties and districts of the city to investigate the basic situation of radiology and treatment of medical and health institutions, basic information of radiology and treatment equipment, personal information of radiation workers, and health monitoring of radiation workers. Results There is 1.13 X-ray diagnostic equipment per 10, 000 people, 0.015 radiotherapy equipment per 10, 000 people in Baoji City, and One million people own 11.4 CTs. There are 1, 102 radiation workers in Baoji City, and 2.92 per 10, 000 people. The occupational health check rate of medical radiation personnel was 87.7% within 2 years, the personal dose monitoring rate was 90.4%, the radiation worker training rate was 73.6% within 2 years, about the holding rate of "Radiation Staff Certificate" in Baoji City was 73.0%, and the occupational health file rate was 89.2%. The evaluation indexes of various health monitoring were lower, especially in township hospitals (35.7%～50.8%). Conclusion On the whole, the number of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment is small, and Class A large equipment is almost blank. The city is stronger than the county in health monitoring. The status of health monitoring is very different from urban to rural areas.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of heat-sensitive moxibustion on corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) in rats with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and to explore the possible mechanism of heat-sensitive moxibustion on IBS.

METHODSAccording to random number table, 56 SD male rats were randomly divided into a blank group (=8), a model group (=8), a moxibustion group (=32), and a mifepristone group (RU-486 group,=8). The rats in the blank group were treated with normal feeding; the rats in the model group, RU-486 group and moxibustion group were treated with chronic non-predictable stimulation for 21 days to establish IBS model. After model establishment, the rats in the moxibustion group were treated with moxibustion at "Mingmen" (GV 4) for 40 min, once a day for 14 days; the tail temperature was recorded every 5 min; according to the change of tail temperature, the rats were divided into a heat-sensitive moxibustion group and a non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group, and 8 rats were randomly selected in the two groups. The rats in the RU-486 group were treated with gastric administration of RU-486 for 14 days, while the rats in the blank group, model group and moxibustion groups were treated with identical volume of 0.9% NaCl. The rat general condition, body mass, behavioristics, intestinal propulsive rate and visceral sensitivity were observed in each group; ELISA method was used to detect serum CRH, ACTH and CORT; optical microscope was applied to observe the morphological changes of colon.

RESULTS(1) After model establishment, rats were in rest state, fatigued, with withered hair and dim ear; the stool was dry or watery; the body mass were slowly increased; the number of crossed grid and standing frequency were significantly reduced; visceral sensitivity was increased and intestinal propulsion rate was decreased; no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration was observed under microscope. (2) After intervention, compared with the blank group, the body mass and visceral sensitivity in the RU-486 group were not significantly different (both>0.05), but the intestinal propulsion rate was decreased significantly (<0.01). Compared with the blank group, the body mass of heat-sensitive moxibustion group and non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group was lower (both<0.01), but the visceral sensitivity and intestinal propulsion rate were similar (both>0.05). Compared with the model group, the body mass and visceral sensitivity were improved in the RU-486 group (<0.05,<0.01), but the intestinal propulsion rate was similar (>0.05). The body mass, visceral sensitivity and intestinal propulsion rate of the heat-sensitive moxibustion group and the non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group were superior to those of the model group (<0.05,<0.01), and the body mass and intestinal propulsion rate of heat-sensitive moxibustion group were superior to those of non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group (both<0.05). (3) After intervention, compared with the blank group, the contents of CRH, ACTH and CORT in the model group were significantly increased (<0.05,<0.01). Compared with the model group, the contents of CRH, ACTH and CORT of the heat-sensitive moxibustion group were statistically reduced (<0.05,<0.01), and the contents of CRH and ACTH in the non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group were statistically reduced (<0.05,<0.01); the content of CRH in the RU-486 group was reduced (<0.05), but the contents of ACTH and CORT were increased (<0.05,<0.01). Compared with the non-heat-sensitive moxibustion group, the heat-sensitive moxibustion group was better in the improvement of CRH (<0.05), but there was no significant difference of ACTH and CORT between the two groups (both>0.05).

CONCLUSIONHeat-sensitive moxibustion could reduce the contents of CRH, ACTH and CORT through the HPA axis, and improve the function of gastrointestinal motility to treat IBS.

Interventional therapy is an important treatment for biliary stenosis.The treatment methods are different ac cording to the different causes.Conventional interventional therapy include biliary drainage,balloon dilatation and stent implantation.There are some new treatment methods such as radiofrequency catheter ablation and biliary stent loaded with 125I seeds.The applications of interventional therapy in biliary stenosis were reviewed in this article.