Objective:To evaluate the role of autophagy in hydrogen-rich solution-induced reduction of remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in rats.Methods:Thirty-two clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 240-260 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) by a random number table method: incisional pain group (group I), remifentanil+ incisional pain group (group RI), hydrogen-rich solution+ remifentanil+ incisional pain group (group HRI), and hydrogen-rich solution + autophagy inhibitor+ remifentanil+ incisional pain group (MHRI group). The tail vein was catheterized, the equal volume of normal saline was intravenously infused for 60 min while the incisional pain model was developed in group I, and remifentanil was intravenously infused at a rate of 1 μg·kg -1·min -1 for 60 min while the incisional pain model was developed in RI, HRI and MHRI groups, hydrogen-rich solution 10 ml/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 10 min before preparing the model in group HRI, and 3-MA 15 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 1 h before preparing the model in MHRI group, and the other treatments were similar to those previously described in group HRI. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were determined at 24 h before and 2, 6, 24 and 48 h after the end of infusion. The rats were sacrificed under anesthesia after the behavioral testing, and the lumbar enlargement segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3Ⅱ (LC3Ⅱ), Beclin-1 and P62 by Western blot. Results:Compared with the baseline at T 0, the MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at T 1-4 in the four groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group I, the MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at T 1-4, the expression of LC3 II and Beclin-1 was up-regulated, and the expression of P62 was down-regulated in group RI and group HRI ( P<0.05). Compared with group RI, the MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged at T 1-4 in group HRI and group MHRI, the expression of LC3 II and Beclin-1 was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of P62 was down-regulated in group HRI, and the expression of LC3 II and Beclin-1 was significantly down-regulated, and the expression of P62 was up-regulated in group MHRI ( P<0.05). Compared with group HRI, the MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at T 1-4, the expression of LC3 II and Beclin-1 was down-regulated, and the expression of P62 was up-regulated in group MHRI ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which hydrogen-rich solution alleviates hyperalgesia may be related to enhancing the level of autophagy in the spinal cord of rats with incisional pain induced by remifentanil.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between autophagy and oxidative stress during remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia in the rats with incisional pain.Methods:Thirty-two clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 230-250 g, aged 2-3 months, were divided into 4 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: incisional pain group (I group), remifentanil + incisional pain group (RI group), autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine + remifentanil + incisional pain group (MRI group) and autophagy agonist rapamycin group + remifentanil + incisional pain group (RRI group). The model of incision pain was developed and the equal volume of normal saline was intravenously infused simultaneously for 60 min.In RI, MRI and RRI groups, the model of incision pain was developed and remifentanil 1 μg·kg -1·min -1 was simultaneously infused for 60 min.In MRI group, 3-methyladenine 15 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 12 h before developing the model, and rapamycin 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 12 h before developing the model in RRI group.Thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) were measured at 24 h before infusion of remifentanil or normal saline (T 0) and at 2, 6, 24 and 48 h after the end of infusion (T 1-4). The rats were sacrificed after the end of behavioral testing, and the lumbar enlargement segments of the spinal cord were harvested for determination of the expression of autophagy microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3Ⅱ (LC3Ⅱ), Beclin-1 and P62 (by Western blot), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (by xanthine oxidase method) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (by thiobarbital method). Results:Compared with the baseline at T 0, PWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at T 1-4 in the four groups ( P<0.05). Compared with I group, MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at T 1-4, the expression of LC3 Ⅱand Beclin-1 was up-regulated, the expression of P62 was down-regulated, SOD activity was decreased, and MDA content was increased in RI group ( P<0.05). Compared with RI group, MWT was significantly decreased and TWL was shortened at T 1-4, the expression of LC3 Ⅱand Beclin-1 was down-regulated, the expression of P62 was up-regulated, SOD activity was decreased, and MDA content was increased in MRI group ( P<0.05), and MWT was significantly increased and TWL was prolonged at T 1-4, the expression of LC3 Ⅱand Beclin-1 was up-regulated, the expression of P62 was down-regulated, SOD activity was increased, and MDA content was decreased in RRI group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Autophagy is involved in the process of remifentanil-induced incisional hyperalgesia through regulating the level of oxidative stress in rats.

Objective:To understand the molecular transmission characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) patients in the mountainous area of southwest Zhejiang Province(Lishui city).Methods:A total of 147 blood samples were collected from newly-diagnosed HIV-1 infected who received no antiviral therapy, and pol gene was amplified, followed by sequencing. MEGA6.0 software was used to construct phylogenetic tree and determine gene subtypes. HIVDB online was used to analyze drug resistance mutation, then the pairwise genetic distance(GD) was calculated and the opitimal threshold of GD was selected, finally the molecular transmission network was constructed by Cytoscape3.7.0 software. Chi-square or Fisher′s exact probability method was used for statistical analysis. Results:A total of 134 sequences were obtained successfully, and nine subtypes were detected. The dominant subtypes were CRF08_BC (34.33%, 46/134), CRF01_AE (29.85%, 40/134) and CRF07_BC (23.88%, 32/134). It also found that age, registered residence, education level and transmission route had significant differences in distribution of subtypes ( P<0.05). Nineteen drug resistance individuals were found, and the total drug resistance rate was 14.18% (19/134). The HIV-1 molecular transmission network was plotted based on 1.2% GD threshold. A total of 15 transmission clusters (cluster size ranging from 2 to 29) were found. The network access rate was 49.25% (66/134), mainly including male (75.76%, 50/66), heterosexual (81.82%, 54/66) and patientsrinfected with CRF08_ BC (50.00%, 33/66). A transmission cluster including two cases of female sex workers and seven cases of drug resistance was identified, in which the average age of the patients was 57.21 years old and the average degree value was 22.7, and the cases were mainly infected through heterosexual contact (96.55%, 28/29). The highest homology of the sequences in the cluster was in Yunnan. Conclusions:The HIV-1 subtypes were diverse in the mountainous area of southwest Zhejiang Province(Lishui city). Drug resistant transmission had reached a moderate epidemic level. There were molecular transmission clusters with the aggregation characteristics of elderly clients in specific regions. It was urgent to formulate and implement precise intervention strategies to curb the spread of HIV.

OBJECTIVE: The explore the genetic basis for a patient with microcytic hypochromic anemia and iron deficiency anemia. METHODS: Common deletions and variants of the globin genes were detected by Gap-PCR and next generation sequencing (NGS). Suspected mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Gap-PCR and NGS showed that the proband has carried a αα/-α CONCLUSION Patients with α HBA2 c.2T>A(p.Met1Lys) α/-α
Anemia, Hypochromic/genetics* ; Codon, Initiator/genetics* ; Female ; Genetic Counseling ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; alpha-Globins/genetics* ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics*

Objective:To preliminarily understand the living habits, medication taking and treatment status including the therapeutic regimen, compliance and short-term efficacy of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and erosion in Beijing area.Methods:From April to September in 2019 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking University Third Hospital and Peking University Shougang Hospital, the outpatients with chronic atrophic gastritis and erosion diagnosed with endoscopy within two weeks before visiting were prospectively included in this non-interventional observation study. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 277 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and erosion had complete follow-up data, of which male patients accounted for 49.8% (138/277). The common initial symptoms of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis and erosion included acid reflux, abdominal distension, epigastric pain and postprandial distension, which accounted for 60.3% (167/277), 59.6% (165/277) , 58.8% (163/277) and 52.3% (145/277), respectively. For treatment, 36.8% (102/277) of the patients only received lifestyle instruction without medication. Among the patients with medication treatment, the short-term efficacy of gastric mucosal protectants+ proton pump inhibitor+ gastro-kinetic agent for abnominal distension, postprandial distention, acid reflux and nausea was highest as compared with other therapeutic regimen, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=25.18, 19.49, 13.75, 8.84, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Chronic gastritis with erosion may be caused by a combination of multiple factors, and the symptoms of which lack specific. If necessary, gastroscopy may help the diagnosis. Individualized treatment strategies based on the symptoms of patients is needed for treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of next generation sequencing (NGS) for the prevention and control of thalassemia. METHODS: NGS was used to sequence 3083 clinical blood samples suspected for thalassemia during initial screening. Retrospective analysis was conducted on blood samples detected with rare genotypes of thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobin. RESULTS: NGS analysis of the 3083 samples has found 1089 subjects with thalassemia genotypes (alpha-thelassemia genotype: 26.01%, beta-thalassemia genotype: 6.71%, and alpha-compound-beta genotype: 2.59%), which yielded a positive detection rate of 35.32%. Rare alpha-thalassemia genotypes including HBA2 c.123delG, HBA1 c.354_355insATC and Fusion gene, and rare beta-thalassemia genotypes including HBB c.-100G>A and HBB c.316-90A>G, were discovered. In addition, 19 patients were found to have abnormal hemoglobin, mainly including Hb Hamilton, Hb Hekinan II, Hb Shizuoka, Hb Owari, Hb New York, Hb J-Bangkok and Hb Port Phillip. CONCLUSION NGS can play a crucial role for improving of the prevention and control of thalassemia and formulating a screening system with better efficacy.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the severity of alcoholic fatty liver disease and the amount of fat in the abdominal cavity and the serum inflammatory factor IL-18 and IL-8. Methods From October 2016 to October 2017,one hundred and twenty patients with AFLD in the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University were divided into light,medium,heavy groups according to the severity of fatty lesions by color Doppler Ultrasound. There were 40 mild patients,50 moderate patients and 30 severe patients. Forty healthy subjects were selected as controls. All the participants underwent CT scanning. The intra-abdominal fat area (VAT),abdominal subcutaneous fat area (SAT) and total abdominal fat area (TA) were measured. The liver function was measured by biochemical analyzer and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). (ELSIA) IL-18 was detected and IL-8 was detected by radioimmunoassay. Results The VAT of the healthy control group and the mild,medium and severe AFLD group were (70. 28±10. 19),(114. 38 ± 9. 97),(146. 73±10. 19),(163. 38±12. 69) cm2. The TA of the healthy control group and the mild, medium and severe AFLD group were ( 256. 72± 34. 56),( 332. 19 ± 33. 28),( 387. 49± 32. 28),( 478. 19 ±31. 02) cm2. The SAT of the healthy control group and the light,medium and severe AFLD group were (156. 23±28. 19),(203. 43±27. 12),(246. 19±26. 89),(271. 19 ±27. 94) cm2,respectively. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) of the healthy control group and the mild,medium and severe AFLD group were (18. 50±1. 12),(23. 50±1. 21),(25. 50±1. 24),(29. 50± 1. 43) U/L. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of the healthy control group and the light, medium and severe AFLD group were ( 18. 50 ± 2. 14), ( 26. 50 ±2. 22),(35. 50±2. 34),(38. 50±2. 11) U/L. γ-glutamyltransferaseof the healthy control group and the light,medium and severe AFLD group were ( 16. 50 ± 2. 11), ( 32. 50 ± 2. 23), ( 47. 50 ± 2. 31), ( 48. 00 ±2. 43) U/L,respectively. Compared with the healthy control group,VAT,TA,SAT,AST,ALT andγ-GT in the light,medium and heavy AFLD group showed statistically significant differences ( P＜0. 05) . Compared with the mild AFLD group, VAT, TA, SAT, AST, ALT and γ-GT in the medium and heavy AFLD group showed statistically significant differences ( P＜0. 05) . Compared with the moderate AFLD group,the VAT, TA,SAT, AST, ALT, and γ-GT of the severe AFLD group showed statistically significant differences ( P＜0. 05). The data of the three AFLD groups showed that the concentration of all indicators were increasing as the severity of fat deepened. IL-18 of the healthy control group and the light,medium and severe AFLD group were (45. 67±4. 51),(52. 18±5. 09),(59. 87±4. 98),(64. 18±5. 12) ng/L; IL-8 of the healthy control group and the light, medium and severe AFLD group were ( 78. 92 ± 5. 07), ( 115. 62 ± 4. 89), ( 223. 76 ± 6. 78),(286. 42±7. 02) g/L. Compared with every group,IL-18 and IL-8 of light,medium and severe AFLD group showed statistically significant differences (F＝1035. 67,2. 93×105,P＜0. 001); compared with mild AFLD group,IL-18 and IL-8 of medium and heavy group showed statistically significant differences;compared with moderate AFLD group,IL-18 and IL-8 of severe group AFLD showed statistically significant differences ( P＜0. 001) . The levels of inflammatory factors IL-18 and IL-8 increased with the severity of steatosis. The severity of AFLD was significantly positively correlated with VAT,TA,SAT,IL-18 and IL-8 ( r 0. 415(P＜0. 001), 0. 435 ( P＜0. 001), 0. 512 ( P＜0. 001), 0. 274 ( P＜0. 001 ), 0. 689 ( P ＜0. 001). Conclusion Fat control is an important measure to prevent AFLD. IL-18 and IL-8 can reflect the severity of liver injury in AFLD and have important significance in judging prognosis.

Objective To explore the CTV to PTV external expansion boundary and the effect of the dose of normal lung tissue under different fixed modes by a comparative analysis of combined body position and thermoplastic film fixed set-up error of radiation therapy for lung cancer. Methods From October 2016 to March 2018, the patients who received chest radiology at the Tangshan people's hospital were enrolled as subjects retrospectively divided into two groups, including 50 patients with lung cancer radiotherapy with combined body position fixation, and 40 patients with lung cancer with thermoplastic film fixation. The two groups of patients drew the target areas in accordance with the unified standard, and the set-up error of left and right, up and down, front and rear ( x, y, z axis) were recorded respectively after 1 time/week cone CT( CBCT) matched with the planned CT image and analyzed by t test. According to the MPTV =2. 5Σ+0. 7δ, CTV to PTV external expansion boundary in the combined body position group were calculated. And the V5、V20 and V30 of two groups of patients were calculated and analyzed by TPS system. Results The set-up error of the combined body position group and thermoplastic film group were respectively (1. 00 ± 0. 58) mm and (3. 28 ± 0. 43) mm on the x axis, (1. 42 ± 0. 28) mm on the y axis and (4. 03 ± 0. 41) mm, (1. 06 ± 0. 44) mm and (3. 18 ± 0. 34) mm on the z axis. The set-up errors of the two groups were statistically significant on x, y and z axis( t= -20. 740, -35. 596, -25. 015,P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in set-up errors between the central and peripheral lung cancer patients and between left and right lung cancer patients(P>0. 05). Through the MPTV =2. 5Σ+0. 7δ, CTV to PTV external expansion boundary in the combined body position fixation group was 2. 906 , 3. 746 and 2. 958 mm on x, y and z axis respectively. The comparison between group A and B showed that the mean values of V5 , V20 and V30 in group B were reduced by 1. 5％, 3. 1％ and 4. 8％ respectively compared with group A. Conclusions The combined body position technique can improve the accuracy of lung cancer patients after radiation therapy,and further reduce the boundary of CTV to PTV, which is of certain value to reduce the occurrence of radiation pneumonitis.

OBJECTIVE:To study the mechanism of Aurantii fructus immaturus(AFI)and its main active ingredients in pro-moting gastrointestinal motility of model rats with spleen deficiency. METHODS:170 rats were randomly divided into blank group (10 rats) and modeling group (160 rats),rats in modeling group was induced models with spleen deficiency by bitter cold diar-rhea+irregular diet. After modeling, rats were randomly divided into model group, naringin (NA) low-dose, medium-lose, high-dose groups(3.267,6.535,13.070 mg/mL),neohesperidin(NE)low-dose,medium-lose,high-dose groups(3.865,7.730, 15.460 mg/mL),synephrine(SY)low-dose,medium-lose,high-dose groups(0.252,0.504,1.008 mg/mL),compatibility groups with 3 monomer ingredients (NA-NE-SY) low-dose,medium-lose,high-dose and AFI water decoction low-dose,medium-lose, high-dose groups(0.104,0.208,0.416 g/mL,calculated by crude drug),ig,once a day,10 mL/kg,for 7 d. After the last admin-istration,gastrin (GAS) in serum,and acetylcholine (ACh),motilin (MTL),substance P (SP),vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)levels in plasma were detected. RESULTS:Compared with blank group,GAS level in serum and ACh,MTL,SP levels in plasma in model group were reduced(P<0.01),VIP level in plasma was increased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,ex-cept for the GAS level in serum showed no obvious change in NA high-dose group and SY doses groups,other medicine groups were obviously increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the ACh levels in serum were obviouly increased in NE high-dose group,SY high-dose group and AFI water decoction low-dose group(P<0.01). MTL levels in plasma were obviously increased in NE medi-um-dose,high-dose groups,SY high-dose group,compatibility low-dose,medium-dose groups and AFI water decoction medi-um-dose,high-lose groups (P<0.05);SP levels in plasma were obviously increased in NA low-dose,medium-dose groups and NE doses groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01);VIP levels were reduced in NA low-dose group,SY high-dose group and AFI water decoc-tion low-dose,medium-lose groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:AFI may promote the gastrointestinal motility of model rats with spleen deficiency by promoting the secretion of GAS,ACh,MTL,and inhibiting the secretion of VIP;there are differences be-tween AFI and the 3 monomer ingredients in regulation of gastrointestinal hormones.