ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence rate of chronic non-communicable diseases （NCDs） and the association with quality of life in middle-aged and elderly patients with HIV/AIDS. MethodsThis cross-sectional study surveyed 432 patients with HIV/AIDS （aged≥45 years） in the Infectious Disease Center in Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University， and 366 participants were included in the analysis after quality control. A questionnaire and the EuroQol 5-Dimensional 3-level version （EQ-5D-3L） were used to investigate NCDs and quality of life and Tobit regression model was used to estimate the association between chronic diseases and quality of life. ResultsAmong the 366 participants， 29（7.9%） had cardiovascular disease， 45（12.3%） had hypertension， 122（33.3%） had hyperglycemia， 151（41.3%）had hyperlipidemia，7（1.9%） had cancer， 17 （4.6%） had chronic kidney disease， 38 （10.4%） had chronic liver disease， 21（5.7%） had musculoskeletal disorders， and 253（69.1%） suffered from at least one type of chronic diseases. The median （lower and upper quartiles） of EQ-5D utility index was 1.000（0.964~1.000）. Multivariate Tobit regression results of the total population showed that cancer ［b_a=-0.08，95%CI （-0.15，-0.01），P=0.036］， chronic kidney disease ［b_a=-0.07， 95%CI （-0.12，-0.02），P=0.006］， musculoskeletal disease ［b_a=-0.09， 95%CI （-0.13， -0.05），P<0.001］， and ≥3 types of chronic diseases［b_a=-0.05， 95%CI（-0.08，-0.01），P=0.013］ were negatively correlated with EQ-5D utility index. The stratified analysis results of different CD4+T cell levels showed that hypertension ［b_a=-0.07， 95%CI （-0.12， -0.02）， P=0.007］， chronic kidney disease ［b_a=-0.10，95%CI （-0.18，-0.03）， P=0.006］， musculoskeletal disease ［b_a=-0.15， 95%CI （-0.22，-0.07）， P<0.001］ and ≥3 types of chronic diseases ［b_a=-0.09， 95%CI （-0.09， -0.01）， P<0.001］ were negatively correlated with EQ-5D utility index in the group with CD4≤500 （cells/μL）， whereas cancer［b_a=-0.11， 95%CI （-0.20，-0.01）， P=0.031］ was negatively correlated with EQ-5D utility index in the group with CD4＞500（cells/μL）. ConclusionsThe prevalence rate of chronic non-communicable diseases in middle-aged and elderly patients with HIV/AIDS is relatively high. The classification of NCDs such as cancer or chronic kidney disease or other chronic diseases and the numbers of NCDs categories are negatively correlated with quality of life. However，this association varies among patients with HIV/AIDS of different CD4+T cell levels. It is suggested that we should try to prevent and identify NCDs at an early stage， strengthen linkages and integration of health services for AIDS and chronic NCDs， and jointly manage and control AIDS with chronic diseases to improve the quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS.

Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine has now been recognized and paid attention to by the pharmaceutical community.Modern phytochemical studies have shown that Panax notoginseng saponin is the main chemical compo-nent of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma.Modern pharmacological studies and clinical applications have revealed that it has anti-cancer,antioxidant and cardiovascular disease effects.In this study,we reviewed the research progress of the main chemical components and pharmacological effects of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,with the aim of providing assistance for the clinical application and later stud-ies of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of spatial orientation language comprehension and expression behavior ofchildren with autism. MethodsA three-ladder test was designed to test the comprehension and expression of "(go/come) to" sentences, including general subject-predicate sentences, conjunctive-predicate sentences with displacement purposes, and conjunctive-predicate sentences with displacement modes. March to June, 2022, the test was conducted on 17 children with autism from a special education school and 17 healthy children matched the scores of Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Chinese revised from a kindergarten. The typical errors were analyzed for children with autism. ResultsThe main effects of sentence ladders (F > 3.718, P < 0.05) and children groups (F > 8.782, P < 0.001) were significant on comprehension and expression of sentences, while the performance was poor for the complex sentences and for the children with autism. The common types of errors in expression were missing components, mixed sentences, autonomous sentences, inaccurate wording, inconsistent content, blending errors and non-response. The numbers and the distribution of error types were quite different from the children with autism to the healthy children. ConclusionChildren with autism are more difficult to understand and express "(go/come) to" sentences, mainly manifested in a higher error frequency and more kinds of error.

Male primary adenocarcinoma of urethra is rare clinically. A patient with primary adenocarcinoma of posterior urethra complicated with intestinal metaplasia was admitted and underwent urethral mass resection. The tumor recurred 3 months after surgery and no further treatment was given for personal reasons. The purpose of this report is to improve clinicians' understanding of urethral cancer, so that patients can undergo more accurate diagnosis and treatment.

The Brodmann area(BA)-based map is one of the most widely used cortical maps for studies of human brain functions and in clinical practice;however,the molecular architecture of BAs remains unknown.The present study provided a global multiregional proteomic map of the human cerebral cortex by analyzing 29 BAs.These 29 BAs were grouped into 6 clusters based on similarities in proteomic patterns:the motor and sensory cluster,vision cluster,auditory and Broca's area cluster,Wernicke's area cluster,cingulate cortex cluster,and heterogeneous function cluster.We identified 474 cluster-specific and 134 BA-specific signature proteins whose functions are closely associated with specialized functions and disease vulnerability of the corresponding clus-ter or BA.The findings of the present study could provide explanations for the functional connec-tions between the anterior cingulate cortex and sensorimotor cortex and for anxiety-related function in the sensorimotor cortex.The brain transcriptome and proteome comparison indicates that they both could reflect the function of cerebral cortex,but show different characteristics.These pro-teomic data are publicly available at the Human Brain Proteome Atlas(www.brain-omics.com).Our results may enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of brain functions and provide an important resource to support human brain research.

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and associated influencing factors of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among HD patients from 11 centers in Beijing city from April 2017 to June 2017. A neuropsychological battery covering domains of attention/processing speed, executive function, memory, language, and visuospatial function was applied in cognitive function assessment. Patients were classified as normal cognitive function group and cognitive impairment group according to the fifth version of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders criteria (DSM-V). Multivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of cognitive impairment. Results:A total of 613 HD patients were included in the study, and the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 80.91% (496/613). Attention impairment (81.05%) and memory impairment (63.51%) were the most common impaired domains, and 79.23% was concomitant impairment across two or more cognitive domains among those with cognitive impairment. Compared with the patients in the normal cognitive function group, the patients in the cognitive impairment group had senior age, longer dialysis vintage, higher proportion of diabetes, hypertension, and stroke, higher level of serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), lower education level, and lower urea clearance index (Kt/V) (all P<0.05). Factors were independently associated with cognitive impairment including increasing age ( OR=1.110, 95% CI 1.072-1.150, P<0.001), education time>12 years (with education time<6 years as reference, OR=0.323, 95% CI 0.115-0.909, P=0.032), history of diabetes ( OR=2.151, 95% CI 1.272-3.636, P=0.004), history of stroke ( OR=2.546, 95% CI 1.244-5.210, P=0.011), increased dialysis vintage ( OR=1.016, 95% CI 1.010-1.022, P<0.001), reduced Kt/V( OR=0.008, 95% CI 0.002-0.035, P<0.001), and increased iPTH level ( OR=1.002, 95% CI 1.002-1.003, P=0.012). Conclusions:The prevalence of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly adult Chinese patients undergoing HD is high. Memory and attention are the most commonly impaired domains. Increasing age, low education level, history of diabetes and stroke, increased dialysis vintage, reduced Kt/V and increased serum iPTH are the independent influencing factors associated with cognitive impairment.

Objective:To investigate the association between cognitive impairment and all-cause mortality in middle and elderly adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD).Methods:A prospective cohort study was conducted. Patients from 11 HD centers in Beijing between April and June 2017 were enrolled. Baseline data were collected, and a series of neuropsychological batteries covered 5 domains of cognitive function were applied for the assessment of cognitive function. The patients were then classified as normal and cognitive impairment groups according to the fifth version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria (DSM-V) and followed-up until June 2018. The clinical characteristics of the two groups of patients were compared. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the difference in the cumulative survival rate between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression model was used to analyze the independent influencing factors of all-cause mortality, to determine the relationship between cognitive impairment and different cognitive domain impairments and all-cause death.Results:A total of 613 patients were enrolled, of which 496(80.91%) patients had cognitive impairment. Compared with the normal cognitive function group, the patients in the cognitive impairment group tended to be older, longer dialysis vintage, a higher proportion of diabetes, hypertension, and stroke, increased serum iPTH level, and lower education level and urea clearance index (Kt/V) (all P<0.05). After (49.53±8.42) weeks of follow-up, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative survival rate of cognitive impairment group was significantly lower than that of cognitive normal group (Log-rank χ2=8.610, P=0.003). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that history of diabetes ( HR=2.742, 95% CI 1.598-4.723, P<0.001), coronary heart disease ( HR=1.906, 95% CI 1.169-3.108, P=0.010), dialysis vintage (every increase of 1 month, HR=1.007, 95% CI 1.003-1.011, P=0.001), serum level of albumin (every increase of 1 g/L, HR=0.859, 95% CI 0.809-0.912, P<0.001), cognitive impairment ( HR=2.719, 95% CI 1.088-6.194, P=0.032) were independently associated with all-cause mortality. Multivariate Cox regression analysis on different cognitive domains also indicated that memory impairment ( HR=2.571, 95% CI 1.442-4.584, P<0.001), executive function impairment ( HR=3.311, 95% CI 1.843-5.949, P=0.001) and three, four, five domains combined impairment ( HR=5.746, 95% CI 1.880-17.565, P=0.002; HR=12.420, 95% CI 3.690-41.802, P<0.001; HR=13.478, 95% CI 3.381-53.728, P<0.001) were independently related to all-cause mortality. Conclusions:Cognitive impairment is an independent risk factor of all-cause mortality in middle and elderly adult patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, and the risk is significantly increased in patients with the impairment of the domains of memory, executive function, or in the combination of three to five cognitive domains.

Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell disease with the second highest incidence among hematological malignancies. Its risk of concurrent thrombosis is high, which greatly affects the quality of life and even endangers life of multiple myeloma patients. The pathogenesis of thrombosis in patients with multiple myeloma is complex, which is still unclear. However many mechanisms are considered to be related to hypercoagulable state in patients with multiple myeloma. Currently, there is a lack of thrombosis risk assessment model for multiple myeloma. Therefore, this paper reviews the research and the latest progress of venous thrombosis in patients with multiple myeloma, and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of thrombosis.

Objective:To analyze the dynamic changes of total HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-1/HCV co-infected patients.Methods:Thirty patients with HIV-1/HCV co-infection without anti-HCV treatment (co-infected group) and 42 HIV-1 infected patients with initial treatment (mono-infected group) admitted to Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital from May 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The virological and immunological responses of the two groups at 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 weeks after HAART, the changes of total HIV-1 DNA in PBMC and its relationship with peripheral blood HIV-1 RNA and T lymphocyte subsets were observed. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.Results:The plasma HIV-1 virus inhibition rate, CD4 + T cells and CD4 + /CD8 + ratio increased and the total HIV-1 DNA in PBMC decreased in both groups after HAART. The inhibition rate of HIV RNA at week 72 in co-infected group was significantly lower than that in the mono-infected group ( χ2=7.93, P<0.01). Compared with the mono-infected group, the CD4 + T cells at week 12, 24, 72 and 96 after HAART were lower in the co-infected group ( U=313.50, 329.00, 286.00 and 204.50, P<0.05 or <0.01). The CD4 + /CD8 + ratio at week 48 in the co-infected group was lower than that in the mono-infected group ( U=294.50, P<0.05). The total HIV-1 DNA of the co-infected group at baseline and week 12 was lower than that of the mono-infected group ( U=362.00 and 359.00, P<0.01 or <0.05). There was no significant correlation between total HIV-1 DNA in PBMC and HIV-1 RNA or CD4 + /CD8 + ratio in both groups ( P>0.05). There was no correlation between total HIV-1 DNA and CD4 + T cells in HIV-1/HCV co-infected group ( b=-0.001, P>0.05), but it had negative correlation in the mono-infected group ( b=-0.001, P<0.05). Conclusion:Total HIV-1 DNA in PBMC was significantly decreased after HAART in HIV-1/HCV co-infected patients. Co-infected with HCV may delay the decrease of total HIV-1 DNA after HAART in patients with HIV-1 infection.

Objective: To assess value of immediate postoperative intravesical instillation of pirarubicin after transurethral resection (TURBT)of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Methods: 484 patients diagnosed with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University were divided into two groups after transurethral resection of bladder tumor. 285 patients received postoperative intravesical instillation of pirarubicin within 6 hours after the surgery, 199 patients received first instillation of pirarubicin at 10 days after the surgery, after that, all the patients received routine bladder perfusion chemotherapy. Patients who received intravesical instillation of pirarubicin within 6 hours were defined as immediate intravesical instillation group and the other patients as the control group. Based on the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables, scores of recurrence and progression of patients were calculated and then stratified into risk groups accordingly. Recurrence and progression rates of the immediate intravesical instillation group were analyzed and then compared with the corresponding reference of the risk tables. Results: The 1-year and 5-year recurrence rate of patients with EORTC table scoring 0 in the immediate intravesical instillation group were significantly lower than that of the EORTC reference group (5.3% and 14.0% vs 15.0% and 31.0%, P<0.05). 1-year recurrence free rate between the immediate intravesical instillation group and the control group in patients scoring 1-4 was significantly different (81.3% vs 76.7%, P=0.014). However, 1-year recurrence free rate of the immediate intravesical instillation group was comparable with that of the control group in patients scoring 5-9, 10-17(P>0.05), which is quite close to the EORTC reference. The probability rates of 1-year and 5-year progression of the 285 patients who received immediate intravesical instillation group did not show significant difference with the EORTC reference. On multivariate analysis, previous recurrence, tumor grade G2-3, tumor multiplicity, delay of immediate intravesical instillation were independent risk factors of recurrence(P<0.05). Conclusions With the help of EORTC recurrence risk table stratifying the patients into different risk groups, our study showed that delay of immediate postoperative intravesical instillation of chemotherapy after TURBT was an independent risk factor of post-surgery recurrence of tumor. Moreover, patients with EORTC scoring 1-4 might obtain greatest benefits.